鲁东榴辉岩基本特征

鲁东榴辉岩是秦岭—大别山榴辉岩带的东延部分，由郯庐断裂将其切割向北平移。榴辉岩的产状有三种，分别产于片麻岩、层状变质岩系和超镁铁质—镁铁质宕中。其成因有壳成、幔成和岩浆结晶型三种。榴辉岩形成于７．５亿年左右，经历了强烈的变质变形作用，改造最强烈的时间在３．２９—２．１亿年。     

威海地区榴辉岩及其变质作用

威海地区榴辉岩位于秦岭大别苏北胶南巨型榴辉岩带的北东段。榴辉岩体大小悬殊,呈透镜状、不规则状、脉状及似层状等赋存在早元古代荆山岩群变质层状岩系、尖晶石橄榄透闪片岩及晚元古代片麻状花岗闪长岩、片麻状二长花岗岩中,并与围岩一起经受了后期的构造变形改造。榴辉岩退变分带的核部为榴辉岩,次外边为榴闪岩,最外边为斜长角闪岩或石榴斜长角闪岩。三个变质作用阶段的特征是：前榴辉相阶段为中压相系绿帘角闪岩相;榴辉岩相阶段为高压相系;榴辉岩退变质阶段相当于中压相系的角闪麻粒岩相—角闪岩相。变质作用ＰＴｔ轨迹呈顺时针方向。榴辉岩形成于９００Ｍａ左右。     

胶南造山带形成与演化

胶南造山带前寒武纪结晶基底由晚太古代胶东岩群、早元古代荆山群及粉子山群、中元古代海州岩群、晚元古代震旦纪朋河石组等变质地层和早一中元古代超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩、榴辉岩，晚元古代花岗岩类、榴辉岩等组成。这些岩石记录了造山带形成演化历史：2900～2800Ma，胶东岩群中基性火山沉积岩形成，于2500Ma遭受中压相系角门岩相变质变形作用，之后有少量基性岩浆侵入。2408～2000Ma，太古宙陆核周缘线性活动增强，形成裂陷盆地，沉积了荆山群和粉子山群(海相陆源碎屑岩－碳酸盐岩夹基性火山岩建造），于2000～1800Ma遭受区域低、中压相系角闪岩相局部麻粒岩相变质变形作用。中元古代，扬子（华南）板块北缘在统一基底上裂陷，沉积了海州岩群，华北板块南缘则为超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩携带榴辉岩沿裂谷侵入。晚元古代早期，扬子（华南）板块向华北板块之下俯冲，下地壳发生广泛重熔形成大量同构造（造山）期花岗质岩浆，并与板块碰撞过程中形成的榴辉岩一起沿碰撞带侵位，形成晋宁期荣成超单元变质变形花岗岩类；之后，华北板块与扬子板块对接拼合，造山带发生由南东往北西的过冲推覆作用，形成中深层次的韧性剪切带。震旦纪早期，以玲珑超单元为主的弱变形花岗岩类侵位，随着造山带的隆升作用，在造山带     

北秦岭官坡地区柯石英榴辉岩变质作用的P－T－t轨迹

根据矿物包裹和替代关系以及共生组合规律，北秦岭官坡地区柯石英榴辉岩的变质作用演化可划分为５个阶段，即前榴辉岩相的绿帘角闪岩相、榴辉岩相、后榴辉岩相的角闪岩相、绿帘角闪岩相和绿片岩相。Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素定年显示，北秦岭柯石英榴辉岩于４００±１６Ｍａ沿朱夏断裂被推覆上升，Ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹的地球动力学成因可能与扬子和华北陆块间的俯冲－碰撞作用有关。     

胶南造山带研究新进展

胶南造山带范围指安丘－莒县断裂以东、五莲－桃村断裂东南、嘉山－响水河断裂以北狭长隆起区，是秦岭－大别造山带的东延部分。十多年来该区开展的区调工作和专题研究取得了重要进展，成果表明该造山带主要由晚元古代晋宁期及震旦期变质变形侵入岩组成，另有少量中元古代四堡期超基性－基性侵入岩分布；变质地层为晚太古代胶东岩群和早元古代荆山群、粉子山群，呈孤岛状残留于晚元古代花岗岩中。榴辉岩沿造山带广泛分布，部分榴辉岩含柯石英和微粒金刚石，表明经历过超高压变质作用。除此，造山带东段还有麻粒岩及麻粒岩相岩石出露。胶南造山带主体是晚元古代时由华北板块与扬子板块碰撞造山作用形成的，韧性变形作用强烈，可划分为早期中深部构造相推覆韧性剪切带和晚期浅部构造相走滑韧性剪切带。     

胶东—鲁南早元古代双变质带及其地质意义

本文作者描述了胶东—鲁南双变质带,从荣成、文登、威海经青岛、胶南、诸城、日照到莒南赋存于太古代至早元古代胶东群和/或胶南群变质杂岩中的C类榴辉岩带,代表了高压低温变质带;从胶东到鲁南的桃科期(早元古代)Ⅰ型花岗岩带及胶东莱西—安丘早元古代麻粒岩相岩石则代表了高温低压变质带。我们推测,这一双变质带,形成于早元古代华南板块向华北板块的俯冲期。在这次碰撞事件之后,胶东—鲁南地区发生角闪岩相变质作用,这次变质事件使得高压低温变质带发生了进变质作用,使C类榴辉岩平衡温度升高,同时使蓝闪石片岩消失;高温低压变质带则发生了退变质作用,Ⅰ型花岗岩发生混合岩化作用,麻粒岩相岩石遭受退化变质。胶东—鲁南双变质带,表明了华北—华南陆块的东部边界是从合肥、嘉山、响水、连云港经鲁南、青岛到胶东(荣成、威海)后而没入北黄海的。     

超高压变质带中的变质不均一性

不同造山带的榴辉岩和有关变质表壳岩石中柯石英及金刚石等标志性超高压变质矿物的发现,已证明陆壳岩石能俯冲到大于120km的地幔深度并折返至地表。超高压变质带中榴辉岩和相关的榴辉岩相岩石常常与具有低级变质矿物组合的岩石(如变质花岗岩、花岗片麻岩、变玄武岩或斜长角闪岩等)密切伴生,然而它们之间的相互关系和成因联系却一直是地质学家长期争议的焦点。查明这两类岩石的变质演化历史以及相互联系,对理解大陆的深俯冲及折返过程具有重要意义。在总结、分析若干陆陆碰撞造山带中变质不均一性的研究成果及成因解释的基础上,讨论了影响岩石保存超高压变质记录的若干关键因素,包括原岩性质、变质流体、构造变形、退变质作用等。     

日照市东南部地区榴辉岩矿矿石加工技术性能及选矿工艺研究

日照市东南部岚山安东卫、虎山地区位于苏鲁榴辉岩带南西段的中部,区域内赋存大型榴辉岩矿体,榴辉岩资源较丰富。榴辉岩含有的石榴子石、绿辉石、金红石都是应用很广的矿物,但榴辉岩的选矿工艺比较复杂,特别是其中金红石的选矿分离一直难以解决。该文就日照东南部地区的榴辉岩矿石的加工技术性能及选矿工艺进行了试验和探讨研究,为今后该区榴辉岩矿的开发利用打下了一定基础。     

初论辽北晚前寒武纪高压变质带

辽北晚前寒武纪高压变质带展布于建平—北票一带。高压变质带由榴辉岩、石榴单斜辉石岩等高压变质基性岩组成。这些岩石遭受了从麻粒岩相到角闪岩相连续退变质作用的改造。早期榴辉岩相变质反应条件为：Ｔ＝８００℃±,Ｐ＞１．５ＧＰａ;麻粒岩相的温压条件为：Ｔ＝８００～９００℃,Ｐ＝０．９～１．１５ＧＰａ,属中高压型;晚期角闪岩相的温压条件变为：Ｔ＝５７０～６５０℃,Ｐ＝０．６０～０．７５ＧＰａ。变质反应的Ｐ－Ｔ－ｔ轨迹呈现出顺时针演化。结合辽北造山带其它的标志判断,这些高压变质岩的形成和抬升与中、新元古代时期洋壳俯冲消减和陆块碰撞,并伴随快速构造上升有关。     

胶南地块的隆升-伸展构造

岩石学及同位素地质学研究均表明，含榴辉岩的胶南地块在高温高压变质后经历过快速降压过程，这一过程在构造上表现为隆升－伸展构造。这种构造在胶南地块有两种形式：其一为地块内部的垂向缩短、水平向伸展构造，以浅色脉体的变形为特征，并反映出从深层次向浅层次的转化；另一为地块边部的正滑型构造带，可分为早期塑性变形和叠加于其上的且分布于地块外侧的晚期脆性－半脆性变形。反映运动矢量的拉伸线理走向呈放射状：北段走向近南北，中西段近东西。这是地块北西侧的变形特点，东南侧情况不明。北部正滑型剪切带中白云母40Ar／39Ar坪年龄表明，伸展构造的时代为146Ma±。这次构造运动可能由俯冲至上地幔的大洋板块与地壳拆离造成的重力均衡所引起，其结果不仅使得大陆地壳上隆，而且还使榴辉岩从下地壳上升至地表。     

山东省地热资源分布与开发利用研究

山东省地热资源丰富,目前16地市均有地热资源分布.天然温泉共19处,位于威海、烟台、青岛、临沂、泰安5个地市,主要用于洗浴、理疗、休闲度假等.以齐河-广饶断裂、聊考断裂、沂沭断裂带为界,山东省共分为鲁东隆起地热区、沂沭断裂带地热区、鲁西隆起地热区和鲁西北坳陷地热区,区内人工开采地热井共1 160眼,主要用于供暖、洗浴、...     

Three-stage tectonic subsidence and its implications for the evolution of conjugate margins of the southwest subbasin,South China Sea

To reveal the tectonic characteristics of the continental margins in the southwest subbasin(SWB) of the South China Sea,a long high-resolution seismic profile was studied using empty basin subsidence.We find that tectonic subsidence features on both margins are uniformly divided into three stages:(1) slow subsidence from Tg to 18.5 Ma(synrift stage);(2) extremely slow subsidence/uplift from18.5 to 16 Ma(spreading stage);and(3) accelerated subsidence from 16 to 0 Ma(post-spreading stage).This feature differs from the classic tectonic subsidence pattern of rifted basins,which exhibits fast subsidence during synrift stage and slow subsidence during the post-rift stage.The tectonic uplift occurred during the spreading stage and the magnitude increased from the continent to the ocean,which is likely related to mantle flow during seafloor spreading.We propose that lower crustal flow played a significant role in the tectonic evolution of the continental margins of the SWB.The lower crust of the SWB margins was warmer and therefore weaker,and more prone to flow beneath the faulting center,which compensated for the upper crustal thinning caused by brittle faulting during the synrift period and thus reduced the tectonic subsidence rate.During the spreading stage,faulting attenuated rapidly,and a necking zone appeared at the continentocean transition formed by lithospheric extension.With upwelling asthenosphere,small-scale secondary mantle convection occurred under the necking zone,which raised the continental margin isotherms and increased the buoyancy.Simultaneously,secondary mantle convection lifted the overriding crust,thus the overall subsidence rate decreased sharply or even reversed to uplift.After seafloor spreading,the effect of mantle convection faded away,and sediment loading drove the lower crust to flow landward.Thermal relaxation,lower crust flow,and vanish of secondary mantle convection together led to rapid subsidence in this stage.     

泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带核桃园组油气运聚成藏过程

为了深入了解油气分布规律，利用流体包裹体显微荧光光谱和显微测温以及一维盆地模拟的埋藏热历史，结合地震构造属性和沉积相分析，对泌阳凹陷北部缓坡带核桃园组油气运聚成藏过程进行了研究。结果显示北部缓坡带核桃园组第三段储层检测到橙黄色、黄绿色和蓝绿色3种颜色荧光油包裹体，反映了3幕不同成熟度的原油捕获。油包裹体的丰度和伴生盐水包裹体均一温度和埋藏史曲线表明，北部储层共存在两期三幕充注事件:第一期规模小，发生于断陷末期的相对低成熟度发橙黄色荧光油，第二期发生在中新世构造抬升期的相对高成熟度的黄绿色和蓝绿色荧光油。流体包裹体古压力模拟显示第二期油气充注时储层是超压状态，推测与当时的构造挤压有关。超压持续作用以及北部地层抬升造成与深凹带源岩增加的流体势差为第二期油气提供了强有力的动力；频繁的断层活动，特别是走滑断裂使得单一的砂体顺层输导转变为砂体顺层输导+断裂垂直输导的复合立体运移输导体系，使得原油以高效率运移到凹陷北部缓坡带。这对精细理解构造抬升控制油气大规模运聚具有重要的意义。      

新县高压超高压榴辉岩及变质作用

大别造山带西段的新县高压超高压变质带中 ,分布着多种不同类型的榴辉岩。研究发现 ,尽管它们有着不同的峰变质条件 ,但都经历了相同的绿帘角闪岩相前进变质 ,具有相近的峰变质年龄和相似的退变质轨迹。其形成和折返可能与华北、扬子两大古陆在早奥陶世末的陆—陆碰撞有关。     

Tectonic evolution of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous

On the basis of subsidence history analysis and balanced cross-section analysis, the vertical uplift/subsidence history and horizontal extension/compression history of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin are quantitatively studied. The results show that the tectonic evolution of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous can be divided into a rifting phase (late Cretaceous to Paleogene) and a post-rifting phase (Neogene to Quaternary). The rifting phase can be further subdivided into an initial rifting stage (late Cretaceous), an intensive rifting stage (Paleocene), a rifting termination stage (Eocene), and an inversion-uplifting stage (Oligocene). Together, this division shows the characteristics of an episodic-evolved intracontinental rift-depression basin. The deformation of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin since late Cretaceous was mainly fault-related. The horizontal extension and tectonic subsidence were controlled by the activity of faults. The differential evolution of faults also caused variations in local uplift/subsidence movements and the regional heterogeneity in extension. The late Cretaceous initial rifting of the north depression of the south Yellow Sea basin is related to the Pacific-Eurasia convergence. From the Paleocene intensive rifting stage to present, the Pacific-Eurasia convergence and India-Eurasia convergence have played important roles in the evolution of this region.     

Stratigraphic Sequences and Their Implication in a Sea Area of the Western Yellow Sea Near Qingdao Coast During the Late Quaternary

1　Introduction　TheYellowSeahasaveragewaterdepthsbetween30and 90m (Liuetal.,1 987) .Liuindicatesthattworegressiveevents ,namedChengshantou (4 0 -75ka)andYellowSea (1 5 - 2 3ka) ,haveoccurredsincetheLatePleistocenebasedonthepeatbedsfoundincores (Liuetal.,…     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷北部隆起区油气远源富集与主控因素

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷北部隆起区的油气勘探始于20世纪70年代, 历经20多年反复探索一直未获得商业发现。近年来, 恩平凹陷北部新近系油气勘探接连取得重大突破, 逐渐成为勘探的热点地区。勘探实践表明远源富集成藏是恩平凹陷北部隆起区新近系油气成藏的重要特征。首先, 侧向断开控洼边界且深入洼陷内部的长期活动断裂体系是恩平北带油气能够大规模向北运移的关键因素; 这类断裂早期控制陡坡带文昌组物源供给, 晚期继承性活动切穿文昌组仓储砂体及烃源岩, 使文昌组烃源岩生成的油气通过油源断裂垂向调节至中浅层新近系储层中; 其次, 油气经过侧向穿断面运移后, 能继续沿断层对盘的构造脊往高部位汇聚, 使油气能够向北远距离运移并富集成藏。油源断裂、仓储砂体与构造脊的耦合是恩平凹陷北部隆起区远源油气富集的关键因素, 同时暗示深层文昌组仓储砂体的巨大勘探潜力。恩平凹陷北部隆起区具备油气远源富集成藏的条件, 在目前已获突破的区域继续向北仍发育较多构造圈闭, 为新近系油气勘探的潜力区带。      

Numerieal prediction of storm surge in the Qingdao area under the impact of climate change

A typhoon-induced storm surge simulation system was developed for the Qingdao area, including a typhoon diagnostic model for the generation of wind and pressure fields and a 2D Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model for simulating the associated storm surge with a 200 m resolution along the Qingdao coastline. The system was validated by an extreme surge event Typhoon Mamie (8509) and the parameters of Typhoon Mamie were used to investigate the sensitivity of typhoon paths to Qingdao storm surges with four selected paths: the paths of Typhoons Mamie (8509), Opal, 3921 and 2413, the selection being made according to their relative position to Qingdao. Experiments based on the Typhoon Mamie (8509) storm surge were also conducted to study the possible influences of future climate changes, including the sea level rise and sea surface temperature (SST) rise, on storm surges along the Qingdao coast. Storm surge conditions under both present day and future (the end of the 21st century) climate scenarios associated with the four selected paths were simulated. The results show that with the same intensity, when typhoons follow the paths of 3921 and 2413, they would lead to the most serious disasters in different areas of Qingdao. Sea level and SST affect storm surges in different ways: sea level rise affects storm surge mainly through its influence on the tide amplitude, while the increased SST has direct impact on the intensity of the surges. The possible maximum risk of storm surges in 2100 in the Qingdao area caused by typhoons like Mamie (8509) was also estimated in this study.     

Investigation of the decline of Ulva prolifera in the Subei Shoal and Qingdao based on physiological changes

It has been a scientific consensus that Ulva prolifera green tide that break out annually between May and August in the recent decade off eastern coast of Yellow Sea. To investigate the ecological mechanism of the decline of U. prolifera green tide, we compared the physiological characteristics of U. prolifera samples collected in three stages of the green tide in Subei Shoal north Jiangsu, the initiation point, on May 10(early, the initiation), July 10(middle, the outbreak), and in Taipingjiao, Qingdao on August 10(late, the decline). Compared to the early samples, the middle, and late samples showed a lower chlorophyll content and photosynthetic e fficiency at a higher lipid peroxidation level. The middle and later samples had fewer chloroplasts in the cells of U. prolifera than those in the early samples. In addition, the cells of U. prolifera sampled in the late stage showed ruptured and deformed cell walls. Differences in physiological function were reflected in the growth rate. Both the middle and late U. prolifera samples presented negative growth rates. Correlation analysis results show that the rising temperature was mainly responsible for the local decline of U. prolifera green tide. The high light-intensity that could induce the photoinhibition was also an important factor for the decline. Therefore, U. prolifera population that remained in the Subei Shoal and those that northward drifted to Qingdao experienced the same decline processes: rising temperature and continuous high light conditions in the late phase of green tide reduced the photosynthetic capacity and destroyed the antioxidant system of the thallus, which lead to decrease of biomass. The only difference is that the temperature in the Subei Shoal rose earlier than that in Qingdao; thus, U. prolifera remaining in the Subei Shoal went disappeared first.