土钉与锚杆联合支护在深基坑工程中的应用

结合深圳市星海阁办公楼的工程实例,从周边环境对深基坑支护的特殊要求及复杂的地质条件出发,论述了采用土钉与锚杆联合支护形式的依据.介绍了在深基坑支护施工中采取的具体措施后期效果.同时分析了这种联合支护结构形式的力学特点,通过将两者联合使用,可实现锚杆支护结构水平侧移小和土钉支护结构受力合理的优点.且土钉与锚杆联合支护,使得上部锚杆和中下部的土钉墙两者形成了统一的受力整体,共同抵抗荷载和变形.     

深基坑桩锚与土钉墙联合支护的数值模拟

目前工程界桩锚与土钉墙联合支护设计采用的是土钉墙与桩锚分开单独设计的思路。根据单独设计思路和桩锚与土钉墙联合支护基坑工程实际情况分别建立单独土钉墙数值模拟、单独桩锚数值模拟与联合支护数值模拟模型。通过不同设计方法的数值模拟与对比分析,得到以下结论:联合支护数值模拟同时考虑了上部土钉墙与下部桩锚支护结构,模拟过程与实际施工过程相符,结果较为合理;与联合支护模拟结果相比,单独土钉墙模拟得到的土钉内力,坡顶水平位移、坡顶沉降均较小,以此为设计依据使土钉墙偏于不安全;单独桩锚模拟与联合支护模拟相比则高估了锚杆拉力、桩顶沉降、桩身最大弯矩,使设计有些保守。     

预应力土层锚杆与土钉墙联合支护的力学工作机理研究

主要论述一种新型基坑支护形式－－预应力土层锚杆与土钉墙联合支护技术在某工程中的设计，施工，监测等，并通过监测资料的分析，探求该种支护形式的力学工作机理。     

微型桩复合土钉墙联合支护技术在基坑支护工程中的应用

结合北京某工程基坑支护实践，介绍了微型桩与锚杆及微型桩与复合土钉墙联合支护技术在复杂工程环境中的设计及施工方法。     

土钉支护结构的施工监测与变形控制

结合某软岩高边坡工程 ,对土钉支护结构的受力和位移进行了监测。通过对实验数据分析了土钉支护的结构原理和受力状态 ,表明土钉支护工作原理既不同于锚杆结构 ,又不同于土钉墙。同时根据施工过程中对边坡水平位移的监测 ,及时调整了边坡的支护参数、开挖深度和支护时间 ,控制了施工过程中边坡的变形 ,保证了软岩高边坡的整体稳定     

预应力锚杆肋板墙支护技术在北京某深基坑工程中的应用

拟建北京市第55中学地下食堂与北侧教学楼地下室结构紧贴,地下食堂基坑北侧受场地限制,没有施工护坡桩空间。然而,土钉墙支护不能满足周边环境对基坑位移和沉降的严格要求。针对上述问题,设计采用了嵌入式“预应力锚杆 肋板墙支护结构”代替桩锚支护结构。结合该基坑支护工程的实例,介绍了预应力锚杆肋板墙支护结构的参数设计和施工技术措施。     

土钉支护技术在广州E1-1地块基坑支护工程中的应用

广州珠江新城E1－1地块项目基坑支护，针对基坑周边不同的地质条件和场地环境条件，采用土钉支护型式或超前钢管桩与土钉和预应力锚杆相结合的复合土钉支护型式。实践证明，复合土钉支护技术在不但具有施工机具简便灵活，工艺简单，工期短，投资少及适用于狭窄施工场地等优点，而且支护位移小，适用范围广。     

卵砾石地层深基坑土钉和锚杆桩联合支护技术

卵砾石地层硬度大,可钻性差,易坍塌,这种地层的深基坑支护若采用传统的锚杆桩,施工难度大,工效低,工程造价高.在卵砾石地层中,采用土钉和锚杆桩联合支护技术进行深基坑支护,节省工程投资,提高工效,缩短施工工期.     

土钉墙与预应力锚杆联合支护技术

北京市深基坑工程中土钉墙支护技术应用比较广泛，对于边坡变形要求严格的基坑，采用土钉墙与预应力锚杆联合支护技术可有效控制变形，结合工程实例，介绍了该技术的设计思路及应用过程，说明了该技术的适用性，并就施工中遇到的问题进行分析，给出相应的处理措施。     

河南信息南广场基坑支护技术

河南信息南广场基坑支护工程,分别采用了桩锚支护、微型桩+预应力锚杆复合土钉墙支护和微型桩复合土钉墙支护体系,具体介绍了护坡桩、预应力锚索、微型桩、预应力锚杆、土钉墙、花管桩设计施工方案以及基坑监测变形异常后采用的应急处理方案,技术成果为类似工程的设计施工提供参考。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.