西藏班公湖蛇绿岩组合层序、地球化学及其成因研究

班公湖蛇绿岩带位于班公湖-怒江结合带西段,蛇绿岩均遭受了强烈挤压构造变形而形成蛇绿混杂岩带.通过对不同类型的蛇绿混杂岩片按正常蛇绿岩层序重新组合排列,恢复后的蛇绿岩层序综合剖面可与典型洋壳剖面对比,自下而上层序为：①变质橄榄岩,主要为强蛇纹石化斜辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩;②堆积岩,由层状辉长岩和层状橄榄岩组成;③辉长辉绿岩岩墙群;④镁铁质熔岩,可分为块状熔岩和枕状熔岩;⑤深海-半深海沉积,岩性为放射虫硅质岩、浊积岩、灰岩等.地质构造和地球化学特征对比综合分析表明,该区蛇绿岩主要形成于中特提斯洋中脊、洋岛环境,中特提斯洋可能为比较成熟的大洋盆地,而不是发育不完全的陆间小洋盆或边缘海盆地.     

北阿尔金地区米兰红柳沟蛇绿岩的岩石学特征和SHRIMP定年

米兰红柳沟蛇绿岩是北阿尔金蛇绿岩带中发育和保留最好的蛇绿岩,主要由地幔橄榄岩、镁铁-超镁铁质堆晶杂岩、岩墙群和基性熔岩等组成.它们以规模不等的构造岩块产出,大者长十余km,宽近1km,组成一条近100km长的蛇绿混杂岩带.地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩为主,有少量纯橄岩,主要由橄榄石(Fo=91.2～92.7),斜方辉石(En=93-98)和少量单斜辉石(En=46)组成;副矿物尖晶石Cr#为43～69(平均55),Mg#为43～64(平均58),表现出深海橄榄岩(Abyssal peridotite)和俯冲带环境(SSZ)橄榄岩成分特点.深成堆晶岩主要由异剥橄榄岩-橄榄二辉石岩-(橄榄)辉石岩-辉长岩-斜长岩,该组合的堆晶岩通常被认为是SSZ构造背景的产物.席状岩墙群的岩石成分与熔岩一致,其TiO2(1%～1.5%)和低含量的K2O<0.3%和P2O5表明具有MORB型的岩石特征,并得到了不相容元素和LREE平坦型和亏损型的球粒陨石标准化模型等证据的支持.该地区另存在一套高Tj的洋岛型拉斑玄武岩.两类熔岩的存在,以及地幔橄榄岩和堆晶岩的不同特征,表明米兰红柳沟蛇绿岩组合可能来自不同构造背景.带中与洋壳俯冲有关的蓝片岩和榴辉岩组成的高压变质带的存在,以及与俯冲碰撞有关的不同类型花岗岩类的产出,表明米兰红柳沟蛇绿混杂岩带代表了一个复杂的板块缝合带.蛇绿岩中辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP年代为479±8Ma,这是获得的第一个北阿尔金蛇绿岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年龄,认为代表蛇绿岩的形成时代.因此,北阿尔金缝合带无论在年龄和特征等方面,均可以与阿尔金断裂带东部的北祁连缝合带对比,证实两个带曾经是一个带,被阿尔金断裂左旋错断了约400km.     

柴达木盆地北缘新元古代蛇绿岩的厘定--罗迪尼亚大陆裂解的证据?

柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡河及绿梁山一带"奥陶纪"滩涧山群中分出-套"新元古代"的蛇绿岩组合,主要由玄武质(枕状)熔岩、岩墙群、辉长岩等古洋壳岩石组成,其中以MORB和岛弧玄武岩为主,岩石变质程度达角闪岩相.蛇绿岩洋壳的Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄值为768Ma±39Ma,Sm-Nd同位素等时线年龄值780Ma±22Ma.这套古洋壳岩石与典型的奥陶纪(约500Ma)火山岩不同,后者主要为中基性岛弧火山岩,岩石仅发生轻微绿片岩相变质;而前者与榴辉岩的成分可以对比,并且与榴辉岩原岩的时代(75～800Ma)相同.推断绿梁山的海底玄武质岩类可能就是榴辉岩的原岩,祁连地区新元古代蛇绿岩洋盆是在罗迪尼亚大陆大约800～750Ma发生裂解的基础上形成的.     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波蛇绿岩OIB型玄武岩的厘定及其形成环境

雅鲁藏布江缝合带(YZSZ)西段分为两支,南带蛇绿岩的成因对整个缝合带的性质和构造背景的探讨起到十分关键作用,但由于地区偏远、交通不便,研究程度一直十分薄弱.本文报道了南带的东波蛇绿岩中洋岛型玄武岩及有关沉积岩的发现和成因探讨.东波蛇绿岩主要由地幔橄榄岩(方辉橄榄岩、含单辉方辉橄榄岩和透镜状纯橄岩)和上覆火山-沉积岩组成,未见堆晶岩和枕状熔岩等典型洋壳端元.火山-沉积岩盖层为一套稳定的海相层序,主要由硅质灰岩、红色硅质岩等沉积岩和玄武岩和玄武火山碎屑岩组成.OIB型玄武岩的特征表现为低SiO2和MgO,高TiO2、P2O5和(K2O+Na2O),富集Nb、Ta,亏损Th、K、Pb、Sr.微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素数据显示,该玄武质源区来自石榴石尖晶石二辉橄榄岩2％ ～ 5％的部分熔融.成分研究显示,硅质岩形成于大陆边缘环境,为洋岛或海山和大陆边缘物质在生物作用下形成的.以上证据表明,东波火山-沉积岩层序具有典型海山特征,与世界上典型的地幔柱型蛇绿岩可对比,属于地幔柱热点活动的产物.因此,可以认为,地幔柱热点在与冈瓦纳大陆北缘岩石圈地幔相互作用过程中,不但促使YZSZ西段南带(达巴-休古嘎布)特提斯洋盆打开,还可能与YZSZ蛇绿岩中普遍包含金刚石等异常地幔矿物群有直接的动力学关系.     

东准噶尔卡拉麦里SSZ型蛇绿岩地球化学及其构造意义

卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带受控于卡拉麦里深大断裂,主要由超镁铁质岩体、镁铁质岩脉和火山熔岩组成.超镁铁质岩体主要由地幔方辉橄榄岩组成,并有纯橄岩和铬铁矿矿石产出.超镁铁质岩石具有低SiO2、高MgO、LREE富集的"V"字形和LREE略富集型稀土元素分布模式,具有SSZ(supra subduction zone)型的地幔橄榄岩特征.玄武岩、堆晶辉长岩以及辉长闪长岩岩脉具有低Al2O3、TiO2、K2O+Na2O含量,且K2O＜Na2O,具相对高的MgO和极低的P2O5含量,具低Ti/V比值(10～20)、低的稀土元素丰度和LREE弱亏损型稀土元素配分模式,显示与洋内板块俯冲作用有关的SSZ型蛇绿岩地球化学特征.碱性玄武岩则具有洋岛玄武岩特征,具有高Al2O3、TiO2(2.50%～3.43%,平均3.16%)、K2O+Na2O(7.36%～9.40%)、P2O5(0.509%～1.579%,平均0.80%)和Ti/V(＞50),相对低MgO(1.84%～2.81%,平均2.60%)的特征,富集不相容元素并具高的稀土元素总量和轻稀土元素明显富集的稀土元素配分模式,显示洋岛玄武岩特征,代表了洋盆早期洋内热点作用.卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带反映了哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔联合陆块与西伯利亚板块的古洋盆经历了洋内热点作用和大洋板块洋内俯冲消减的演化过程.     

金沙江缝合带西段蛇绿岩与弧火山岩成对性关系——来自地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄证据

对金沙江缝合带西段青海治多地区的多彩蛇绿混杂岩和当江荣中酸性岛弧火山岩进行了研究,野外地质剖面显示,蛇绿岩主要由辉长岩、堆晶辉长岩和玄武岩组成,缺少地幔橄榄岩单元。通过对蛇绿岩内部细粒辉长岩、基性熔岩的地球化学测试及堆晶辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年发现,基性熔岩可分为2种类型,即洋岛玄武岩OIB型和MORB-IAT型。前者并非蛇绿岩组分,为构造就位时带入;后者为过渡类型,具有典型洋中脊—岛弧蛇绿岩地球化学特征。辉长岩具有明显的TNT槽等岛弧信号,与类型二均属于蛇绿岩成分。测得的堆晶辉长岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为252.50Ma±0.58Ma(MSWD=0.95),是蛇绿岩的形成年龄。研究认为,多彩蛇绿岩与当江荣火山岩具有成对性关系,结合造山带沟—弧—盆体系构造格局,认为前者形成于岛弧偏海沟的弧前构造背景,是晚二叠世金沙江洋持续俯冲的产物。     

蛇绿岩、蛇绿岩上覆岩系及其与洋壳的对比

文中由蛇绿岩和蛇绿岩上覆岩系的差别,引出上部洋壳和下部洋壳的概念。指出下部洋壳和上部洋壳有许多不同之处：首先它们的组成不同,下部洋壳仅由镁铁超镁铁岩组成,包括玄武岩、辉长岩、超镁铁质堆晶岩等;而上部洋壳则由沉积岩（主要是深海相的,少量为浅海相）和长英质、镁铁质以及超镁铁的喷出岩（及少量侵入岩）组成。其次洋壳岩浆的成因和形成方式不同,下洋壳产于板块扩张脊,是板块扩张作用的产物;上洋壳产于扩张轴外,属于轴外岩浆系列。当洋盆闭合洋壳侵位到陆壳之上时,下洋壳即成为蛇绿岩,而上洋壳则构成蛇绿岩的上覆岩系。     

西藏吉定蛇绿岩地球化学特征及其构造指示意义

吉定蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的中段,是该带保存较好的蛇绿岩之一,通过对该岩体的研究及与附近蛇绿岩剖面的对比有助于恢复早白垩世雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的演化过程。吉定蛇绿岩包括玄武岩、辉绿岩、堆晶岩及地幔橄榄岩四个岩石单元。壳层岩石岩浆结晶顺序为:橄榄石→单斜辉石→斜长石,代表湿岩浆系统分异。吉定蛇绿岩壳层熔岩(玄武岩和辉绿岩)Ti O2含量为0.87%~1.45%,平均1.1%,与印度洋N-MORB玻璃(1.19%)相似。REE配分模式具有明显的LREE亏损特征,稀土配分模式与典型的大洋中脊玄武岩相似。但其微量元素蛛网图上表现为富集LILE,而亏损HFSE,并具有较高LILE/HFSE比值特征,与俯冲带上的(SSZ)蛇绿岩相似。蛇绿岩熔岩在岩石地球化学上表现出既亲MORB,又具部分IAB的特征。结合区域上大竹卡、得几等蛇绿岩岩石及地球化学资料对比分析,提出吉定蛇绿岩形成于在洋内俯冲带上发育起来的弧后盆地,并提出日喀则地区早白垩世洋壳演化的解释模式:雅鲁藏布江中段蛇绿岩至少包含三种组分特征的蛇绿岩体,其代表性剖面分别是吉定,得村和大竹卡,分别形成于近俯冲带的弧后盆地、弧前盆地和弧后盆地,这些洋壳共同组成早白垩世时期的与特提斯洋俯冲带斜交的一条分段发育的洋中脊。     

克拉麦里—塔克札勒—大黑山蛇绿岩建造稀土元素特征

克拉麦里—塔克札勒—大黑山蛇绿岩建造稀土元素含量由变质橄榄岩—堆积橄榄岩—堆积辉长岩—玄武岩有规律增高 ,总体表现为轻稀土弱富集 ,L/H值大多数大于 1,局部有轻稀土亏损的特征。蛇绿岩建造各单元间稀土元素分布模式不尽相同 ,即使是同一单元在不同地段亦有差异 ,反映地幔岩浆的复杂性。基性熔岩稀土元素分布模式既有洋脊玄武岩的平坦曲线 ,又有轻稀土富集型的夏威夷等洋岛玄武岩的特征 ,反映该蛇绿岩带混杂着洋壳残骸和洋岛碎块。由清水—南明水东—塔克札勒基性熔岩稀土元素含量有规律递增 ,分别是球粒陨石的 9.4、15.4、18.9倍 ,反映玄武质岩浆分异程度逐渐增高 ,间接说明该岩带闭合时间由西向东从中泥盆世—晚石炭世末 ,再向东甚至延续至二叠纪     

西藏发现蛇绿岩套堆积岩和席状岩床群

蛇绿岩套完整剖面的岩石层序,据国外典型地区的文献报道,由下往上通常由变形橄榄岩、层状堆积岩(Layered Cumulate)、席状岩墙群(SheetedDikes)和枕状熔岩等层序组成。在枕状熔岩之上为一套表征深海环境的含放射虫燧石层。这套蛇绿岩组合及其层序常被视作古洋壳的代     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861