几种无机盐对隐甲藻生长和DNA产量的影响

研究了3种无机盐对隐甲藻（Crypthecodinium cohnii ATCC30556）生长及DHA产量的影响。结果表明：隐甲藻可在NaCl为唯一无机盐的培养基中生长；培养基中NaCl质量浓度为6g/L,Mg^2＋浓度为13．23mmol/L,PO4^3-浓度为7．19mmol/L可满足藻细胞生长和DHA积累的需求，此时隐甲藻有着最大的生物量和DHA产量，分别为3．31g/L和499．93mg/L。     

培养条件对破囊壶菌生长及其产DHA的影响

探讨了培养温度，pH、光照，种龄，接种量以及培养时间等培养条件对破囊壶菌Thraustochytrium roseum MF2生长及其产DHA的影响，结果表明，T.roseum MF2生长及其产DHA的适宜条件为：培养温度25摄氏度，初始pH值6－7，种龄48h，接种量4％，培养时间4d，生物量达到10．4g/L,DHA产量达到1266mg/L。     

硝酸银络合法浓缩金枪鱼鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸的研究

以金枪鱼鱼油混合脂肪酸为材料 ,利用硝酸银络合法浓缩其中的多不饱和脂肪酸 (PU FA) ,主要考察了搅拌时间和硝酸银浓度对产品得率和EPA和DHA含量的影响 ,并测定了产品的理化指标和脂肪酸组成。研究结果表明 :搅拌时间为 6 0min ,硝酸银浓度为 4mol/L时得到的产品得率为 18.0 3% ,浓缩产品中的EPA和DHA的质量分数分别为 9.78%和 86 .0 7% ,总质量分数达95 .85 % ,过氧化值为 7.35mmol/kg ,碘值 2 6 0 8.9g/kg。     

乙酰微小杆菌生物合成5-甲基尿苷的研究

用乙酰微小杆菌(Exiguobacterium acetylicum)完整细胞作为酶源,催化鸟苷和胸腺嘧啶合成抗艾滋病药物关键中间体5-甲基尿苷,并对影响菌体生长和5-甲基尿苷转化率的因素进行了考察。采用紫外诱变方法获得高表达核苷磷酸化酶菌种,使5-甲基尿苷的转化率提高到了75.8%;对培养基进行了碳源和氮源的优化,结果表明,3 g/L葡萄糖、20 g/L玉米浆、4 g/L NH4Cl有利于菌体生长;通过响应曲面(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)法获得了较为合适的转化条件:0.03 g/L MnSO4加入到pH值为8.0的磷酸缓冲液,两种底物浓度均为67 mmol/L,反应温度为56℃。     

培养条件对破囊壶菌生长及其产DHA的影响

探讨了培养温度、pH、光照、种龄、接种量以及培养时间等培养条件对破囊壶菌ThraustochytriumroseumMF2生长及其产DHA的影响。结果表明 ,T roseumMF2生长及其产DHA的适宜条件为 :培养温度 2 5℃、初始pH值 6～ 7、种龄 4 8h、接种量 4 %、培养时间 4d ,生物量达到 1 0 4g L ,DHA产量达到1 2 6 6mg L。     

植物生长调节剂对绿色巴夫藻生长的影响

研究了二种植物生长调节剂对绿色巴夫藻 ( Pavlova viridis)的生长、叶绿素含量和干重的影响。结果表明 ,在试验浓度范围内 ,2 ,4— D对绿色巴夫藻生长的影响在培养早期比后期明显 ,最适浓度为 0 .1 m g/L ;6-BA质量浓度≥ 1 mg/L时对绿色巴夫藻有致死作用 ,质量浓度为 0 .1～ 0 .8mg/L时 ,对绿色巴夫藻的生长有促进作用 ,促进生长的最适质量浓度为 0 .5mg/L。在一定浓度范围内 ,二种植物生长调节剂都可促进绿色巴夫藻的生长 ,提高叶绿素含量 ,增加试验藻的干重。     

生物采油解堵剂中产蛋白酶菌株的筛选及培养条件优化

为研究生物酶采油解堵剂中产蛋白酶菌株的初、复筛选及培养条件优化,从大庆原油样品中筛选菌种,通过水解酪素的透明圈实验及福林酚测蛋白酶酶活的方法进行菌株的初、复筛选;以蛋白酶酶活为优化指标,采用单因素实验对筛选的产蛋白酶菌株的培养基及培养条件进行优化,优化最适培养基:可溶性淀粉为15g/L,蛋白胨为20g/L,酵母膏为20g/L,NaCl为1.0g/L,CaCl2为0.02g/L,Na2HPO4为0.2g/L,NaH2PO4为0.1g/L;在初始pH为6.0、接种量为5%(体积分数)、温度为31℃、摇床转速为160r/min的条件下,培养72h后,菌株的蛋白酶酶活为551.0U/mL,为复筛选菌株的蛋白酶酶活的22.92倍,即为菌株生长繁殖及代谢的最佳条件,能够获得更高的蛋白酶酶活,有利于后续实验的进行.结果表明:菌株产蛋白酶对原油作用效果为发酵液表面张力从作用前的56.2mN/m降低到作用后的30.5mN/m,表面张力显著降低,还有降解降黏原油等效果,具有一定的研究价值.     

一株促藻生长细菌培养条件的优化

研究分离自对虾养殖池的一株促藻生长细菌的最佳培养条件,通过单因子实验得到该菌株的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为酵母膏,初始pH值为7.5,最佳氯化钠质量浓度5 g/L;在其他培养条件不变的情况下,通过对酵母膏、葡萄糖、初始pH值做三因子三水平的正交实验,得到培养基最佳组合为:酵母膏10 g/L,葡萄糖1 g/L,初始pH值7.5。     

4种微量金属元素对绿色巴夫藻生长、叶绿素a及大小的影响

把 4种微量金属离子以不同的浓度添加到绿色巴夫藻的培养液中 ,结果表明 :Hg2 +和Pb2 +浓度分别在 5μg/L和 2 0 0 μg/L时 ,对绿色巴夫藻的生长有较好的促进作用 ,同时也使叶绿素a的含量提高 ;Hg2 +≥ 2 0 μg/L时 ,绿色巴夫藻的生长受到抑制 ,叶绿素a的含量降低。Pb2 +所有的试验浓度都使绿色巴夫藻生长加快 ,叶绿素a的含量提高 ;Co2 +在 1μg/L时对绿色巴夫藻的生长有最好的促进效果 ,但当Co2 +≥ 5μg/L时 ,开始对生长出现抑制作用 ,而Co2 +所有的试验浓度都使叶绿素a的含量降低 ;Mn2 +浓度在 10 0 μg/L时 ,对促进绿色巴夫藻生长的效果最佳 ,4 0 0 μg/L的浓度开始对生长出现抑制作用 ,但所有Mn2 +的试验浓度对叶绿素a含量的变化影响不显著。 4种微量金属元素都使绿色巴夫藻略微变小。     

硝酸银络合法浓缩金枪鱼鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸的研究

以金枪鱼鱼油混合脂肪酸为材料，利用硝酸银络合法浓缩其中的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)，主要考察了搅拌时间和硝酸银浓度对产品得率和EPA和DHA含量的影响，并测定了产品的理化指标和脂肪酸组成。研究结果表明：搅拌时间为60min，硝酸银浓度为4mol／L时得到的产品得率为18．03％，浓缩产品中的EPA和DHA的质量分数分别为9．78％和86．07％，总质量分数达95．85％，过氧化值为7．35mmol／kg，碘值2608．9g／kg。     

Salt response of the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus obliquus (Turp.) Kutz is modulated by the algal growth phase

Growth and biochemical responses of the coenobial green alga Scenedesmus obliquus to salinity stress were monitored across different phases of growth. The alga was cultured on BG11 growth medium and subjected to 0, 30, 100, and 200 mmol/L NaCl for a period of 20 d, during which algal cultures were harvested at 4-d intervals. The salinity-induced inhibition of algal growth was accompanied with prolongation of timing of the different growth phases. The sharp and progressive salinity-induced inhibition of algal growth rate during the early phase of growth points to salt shock but moderation of inhibition at the subsequent stages of growth means algal acclimation to salinity. The concentrations of chlorophylls a and b, soluble sugars, proteins as well as those of K+ and Na+ in the alga exhibited peaks at the initiation of the exponential phase of growth, with increasing magnitude in proportion to the increase in the level of salinity. Nevertheless, whereas soluble sugars of the alga peaked at initiation of the exponential phase, starch concentration progressively increased with culture age, reaching saturation towards the stationary phase. Whereas the salinity-induced increase in soluble sugars was most evident at the early stages of growth the reverse was true for starch. The present results point to fast acclimation of S. obliquus to salt stress post a brief salt shock, utilizing soluble sugars, K+ and Na+ for osmotic adjustment. Increasing salinity from 0 to 200 mmol/L NaCl led to progressive increase in soluble sugars, proteins, K + and Na + concentrations of the algal cells, particularly at the early stages of growth. However, the salinity-induced increase in chlorophyll concentration approached a limit at 100 mmol/L NaCl whereas that in starch concentration was more evident at the later stages of growth.     

Effects of culture conditions on growth and docosahexaenoic acid production from Schizochytrium limacinum

The effects of temperature, initial pH, salinity of culture medium, and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth and docosahexaenoic acid （C22：6 n-3, DHA） production from Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88 were investigated in the present study. The results revealed that the optimal temperature, initial pH and salinity level of the medium for DHA production were 23 ℃, 7.0 and 18, respectively. Glucose was proved the best carbon source for the growth and DHA production from S. limacinum. Among the nitrogen sources tested, soybean cake hydrolysate, a cheap by-product, was found to be effective for the accumulation of DHA in S. limacinum cells. In addition, increasing the concentration of carbon sources in the medium caused a significant increase in cell biomass; however, accumulation of DHA in cells was mainly stimulated by the ratio of C/N in the medium. Under the optimal culture conditions, the maximum DHA yield achieved in flasks was 4.08 g L^-1 after 5 d of cultivation     

Isolation and characterization of venom from nematocysts of jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye

The present work is the first report of the biochemical characterization of the venom from nematocysts of the jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye. The nematocysts were isolated by autolysis and centrifugation and separated by flow cytometry. Four types of nematocysts were identified: mastigophores, euryteles, and atrichous and holotrichous isorhiza. SDS-PAGE and amino acid analyses demonstrated that most of the proteins in the nematocyst extract were between 10 kDa and 40 kDa, and that glutamic acid was the main amino acid. A hemolytic activity assay showed that the activity of the nematocyst venom (RNV) was strongest in Tris-HCl buffer (50 mmol/L, pH 7.8, 5% glycerol, 0.5 mmol/L EDTA, 0.1 mol/L NaCl). The hemolytic activity was related to protein concentration and the HU50 against chicken erythrocytes was 0.91 μg/mL.     

Optimization of medium and cultivation conditions for enhanced exopolysaccharide yield by marine Cyanothece sp. 113

Cyanothece sp. 113 is a unicellular, aerobic, diazotrophic and photosynthetic marine cyanobacterium. The optimal medium for exopolysaccharide yield by the strain was 70.0 g/L of NaCl, and 0.9 g/L of MgSO4 based on the modified F/2 medium for cultivation of marine algae. The optimal cultivation condition for exopolysaccharide yield by this cyanobacterial strain was 29°C, aeration, and continuous illumination at 86.0 μE/M2/S. Under the optimal conditions, over 18.4 g/L of exopolysaccharide was produced within 12 days. This was so far the highest exopolysaccharide yield produced with strains of Cyanothece sp. obtained.     

纳米塑料颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的迁移规律

针对纳米塑料颗粒在饱和多孔介质中的迁移及其影响因素, 以纳米聚苯乙烯(PSNPs)作为典型纳米塑料颗粒, 通过实验和理论相结合的方法研究纳米塑料颗粒的迁移规律。以经典DLVO理论计算出PSNPs与石英砂颗粒之间的相互作用能, 分析预测PSNPs与石英砂之间的吸附、聚沉。在柱实验中, 以石英砂作为多孔介质填充到砂柱中, 让PSNPs在一维饱和砂柱中迁移, 研究不同条件下PSNPs的迁移行为和影响因素。结果表明, 当离子强度由1 mmol/L增至50 mmol/L(电解质为NaCl), PSNPs与石英砂颗粒之间的相互作用能的势垒则从215.13 KT逐渐降低至45.9 KT使得PSNPs更易于吸附在石英砂介质表面, 从而降低PSNPs在多孔介质中的迁移能力, PSNPs的穿透率由62.16%降至3.65%。当离子强度由0.1 mmol/L增至5 mmol/L(电解质为CaCl₂)时, 势垒则由33.72 KT降至14.03 KT, PSNPs的穿透率从82.46%降至4.27%。这些实验现象说明增加离子强度对PSNPs的穿透起到抑制作用, 且Ca2+比Na+具有更强的电荷屏蔽作用。同时提高PSNPs的初始浓度、流速和介质粒径均可增大PSNPs的穿透率, 而大粒径PNSPs颗粒的穿透率则较小。研究中构建了PSNPs实际运移与理论之间的关系, 进一步推进PSNPs的环境行为和机理研究, 为系统全面评价纳米塑料颗粒在土壤-地下水中的环境风险和生态安全提供科学依据。      

Effects of nutrients and light intensity on the growth and biochemical composition of a marine microalga Odontella aurita

Algal biotechnology has advanced greatly in the past three decades. Many microalgae are now cultivated to produce bioactive substances. Odontella aurita is a marine diatom industrially cultured in outdoor open ponds and used for human nutrition. For the first time, we have systematically investigated the effects of culture conditions in cylindrical glass columns and fiat-plate photobioreactors, including nutrients （nitrogen, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur）, light intensity and light path, on O. aurita cell growth and biochemical composition （protein, carbohydrate, β-1,3-glucan, lipids, and ash）. The optimal medium for photoautotrophic cultivation of O. aurita contained 17.65 mmol/L nitrogen, 1.09 mmol/L phosphorus, 0.42 mmol/L silicon, and 24.51 mmol/L sulfur, yielding a maximum biomass production of 6.1-6.8 g/L and 6.7-7.8 g/L under low and high light, respectively. Scale-up experiments were conducted with fiat-plate photobioreactors using different light-paths, indicating that a short light path was more suitable for biomass production of O. aurita. Analyses of biochemical composition showed that protein content decreased while carbohydrate （mainly composed of 15-1,3-glucan） increased remarkably to about 50% of dry weight during the entire culture period. The highest lipid content （19.7% of dry weight） was obtained under 0.11 mmol/L silicon and high light conditions at harvest time. Fatty acid profiles revealed that 80% were Cx4, C~6, and C20, while arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） accounted for 1.6%-5.6% and 9%-20% of total fatty acids, respectively. High biomass production and characteristic biochemical composition profiles make O. aurita a promising microalga for the production ofbioactive components, such as EPA and D-1,3-glucan.     

Effects of Mg2+, NaCl, citric acid, and other factors on synthesis and accumulation of β-carotene inDunaliella salina

The effect of Mg²⁺, NaCl and citric acid on the accumulation of β-carotene inDunaliella Salina was studied. The experimental results showed that 10.5 mmol/L Mg²⁺, 5 mol/L NaCl, 3 μmol/L citric acid, and CO₂ are favorable forDunaliella Salina cell growth and β-carotene accumulation. After 144 h culture under the above conditions, theDunaliella Salina biomass increased by 7.18 times; β-carotene reached 9.61%. Project 89023990 supported by the Shandong Natural Science Fund.     

Effect of cytokinins and auxins on the growth of free-living conchocelis ofPorphyra yezoensis

IAA 3-Indolylacetic acid, NAA a-Naphthylacetic acid and cytokinins in PESI culture medium were used in a study on the effects of plant hormones on the growth of free-living conchocelis ofPorphyra yezoensis which showed that its growth in medium with cytokinins, IAA and NAA was more rapid than that in medium with non—phytohormones; that the optimal concentrations for promoting growth were 10 μg/L for IAA and ZA (Zeatin), and 0.1 μg/L for BA 6-Benzyl amino purine and KIN 6-Furfurylamino- purine. Mix use of NAA, IAA and cytokinins, NAA/ZA 1–1000/1 μg/L, NAA/BA 10/1-1000 μg/L, NAA/KIN 1/1-1000 μg/L promoted growth. IAA/ZA 0.1-1/0.1-1 μg/L; IAA/BA 0.1-1/0.1-10 μg/L IAA/KIN 1/0.1-1000 μg/L also promoted growth. Contribution No. 2335 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Contribution No. 94 from the Experimental Marine Biology Lab Qingdao, China. The research was supported by a grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Effects of strontium-induced stress on marine microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis （Chlorophyta： Volvocales）

1 INTRODUCTION Heavy metal pollution in marine environment has always been a serious problem over the last several decades, because most of the heavy metal species that enter marine environment accumulated there without decomposition. Strontium is a minor…