山西硫铁矿资源开发利用的某些问题

山西硫铁矿资源开发利用的某些问题宋毅，李意（山西省化学矿产公司）山西是我国重要的硫铁矿生产基地之一、近年来，随着我国经济建设的迅猛发展，山西硫铁矿采矿业，尤其是乡镇、集体、个体采矿业发展很快，从业人员逐年增加，截至１９９３年底，山西共发放硫铁矿开采许...     

山西硫铁矿床的类型划分

山西硫铁矿床的类型划分李意（山西省化学矿产公司）山西省硫铁矿资源十分丰富，储量估算达几十亿ｔ。到目前为止，已累计探明储量近亿ｔ，是我北方重要的硫铁矿生产基地。近年来，硫铁矿开采业迅速发展，现已有开采矿山５０００多个，硫铁矿商品矿产量每年已达２００多ｔ...     

广东陆丰硫铁矿首次发现碲铋及多种硫盐矿物

广东陆丰硫铁矿首次发现碲铋及多种硫盐矿物广东陆丰硫铁矿自１９５８年建矿以来，一直作为单独硫铁矿开采。我们在对该矿床物质组分研究过程中，首次发现硫化物、银矿物及少见复杂硫盐矿物十多种。其中ＡＵ，＊ｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｔｅ，Ｂｉ等伴生元素均达到综合利用品位。尤其是...     

汉中地区硫铁矿床类型与成矿模式的讨论

根据汉中地区硫铁矿成矿特征可将其划分为沉积成因和火山成因两大类型。火山成因的主要分布于勉县、略阳、宁强三角区，沉积型分布于扬子区和南秦岭区。板块多次俯冲、碰撞与深大断裂系在火山型硫铁矿成矿成岩中占有重要地位，沉积型硫铁矿的形成则与陆源物质、有机质和造海运动关系密切。     

月西硫铁矿床地球物理特征及其找矿效果

月西硫铁矿床在陕西单一硫铁矿床中品位为首，储量为二。在该矿详查中，采用电法剖面测量，异常推断解释，配合槽、坑、钻探等验证手段，达到了较好的找矿效果。文中通过对ηｓ异常特征及其找矿效果分析，总结出了该矿区硫铁矿层和非矿含碳层引起的ηｓ异常特征，并且对异常未验证地段作了推断解释，说明该矿床仍有一定的找矿前景。     

冀东高板河锌、硫铁矿矿床中的微生物蔗与矿床成因

冀东高板河锌、硫铁矿矿床容矿岩石具有热水沉积岩的地球化学特点，而沿特定层位、一定的岩性分布的层状矿体，也证明该矿床具有热水沉积成因。作者在近年的工作中，于高板河矿床的硫铁矿层，发现呈席状产出的黄矿细球菌。丰富多彩的生物结构从一个侧面证实了该矿床中存在生物成矿作用。因此，高板河锌、硫铁矿床是海底热水沉积和微生物成矿双重作用的结果。     

广东云浮硫铁矿中硒碲赋存状态初步研究

广东云浮硫铁矿中硒碲赋存状态初步研究＊杨荣勇１）陆现彩２）康显桂１）尹志强１）１（中山大学地球科学系，广州５１０２７５）２（南京大学地球科学系，南京２１００９３）关键词硫铁矿硒碲赋存状态广东云浮广东云浮硫铁矿是我国少有的特大型黄铁矿床，矿石质量及储量...     

江苏句容团山硫铁矿铁床地质特征及找矿靶区

江苏省句容市团山硫铁矿床是中低温热液矿床，矿床规模小，形态复杂，但矿石品位高，并有可综合利用的铜、铅锌矿。本文阐述了团山硫铁矿床的矿床地质特征，提出４个有望找到矿体的物探异常区为远景区，为进一步找矿提供了依据。     

硫铁矿在中国硫资源中的地位分析

硫铁矿是我国的自有硫资源,几十年来我国硫铁矿产业有了很大发展,但随着我国经济对硫资源需求的大幅增加,各种形式的硫产量的迅速提高、进口硫磺及硫酸的冲击等因素,导致了硫铁矿在硫资源中的地位大幅下降。2015年硫铁矿硫仅占国内硫资源的30%,而硫铁矿制酸更是仅占硫酸总产量的22%左右。为了提高硫铁矿在硫资源中的地位,应该提高制酸技术,降低制酸成本,减少尾气排放,加快产业结构调整,提高硫铁矿产业集约化程度     

重庆市上二叠统硫铁矿沉积环境及成矿模式

重庆市硫铁矿床主要为沉积型矿床,赋存层位主要为上二叠统龙潭组(P3l)、吴家坪组(P3w)(同时异相沉积)底部,该层硫铁矿含量约占重庆市硫铁矿总量的92%。对重庆市域范围内上二叠统硫铁矿含矿岩系和矿体特征的分析表明,龙潭组含矿岩系主要为高岭石化基性凝灰岩、高岭石黏土岩,吴家坪组主要为黏土质页岩,煤层中硫铁矿亦较发育。重庆市上二叠统硫铁矿主要富集在4个区域:渝东北城口、开县、云阳、奉节等区县;东部的石柱县以东地区;合川、璧山、渝北等华蓥山地区;綦江、南川、武隆等南部地区。分析认为中二叠世峨眉山玄武岩喷发沉降带来硫铁矿铁质物源,而二叠纪晚期海平面升高,海水携带大量硫元素分别自东部、北部、南部侵入渝东北及东部地区、重庆北部华蓥山地区、南部綦江—南川等区县,硫铁矿在还原环境中于成岩—后生作用阶段重结晶而成。基于重庆市上二叠统硫铁矿厚度、品位分布规律及其沉积环境的研究,分析了硫铁矿的成矿模式,提出硫铁矿主要发育于低地残积平原、沼泽、潮坪及海湾环境,多在海侵环境中形成。     

Effect of contaminant carbonaceous matter on the sorption of gold by pyrite

The effect of carbon or graphite coating on the adsorption of gold cyanide on pyrite was investigated with pure pyrite and a pyrite concentrate. In the carbon or graphite-contaminated pyrite systems carbon and graphite not only acted as gold sorbents, but also enhanced gold adsorption on pyrite. The carbon coating enhanced gold adsorption on pyrite to a larger extent, in comparison with the graphite coating. The carbon or graphite coating on pyrite reduced the negativity of the pyrite surfaces, and hence improved the physical adsorption of gold cyanide on pyrite. In addition, the highly conductive coating of carbon or graphite on pyrite could enhance electron transfer in the electrochemical reactions occurring in the chemical adsorption of gold and gold reduction on pyrite. The preg-robbing by pyrite or the graphite-coated pyrite was reduced and further eliminated at higher cyanide concentrations. However, gold adsorption on the carbon-coated pyrite could not be prevented even at higher cyanide concentrations due to gold adsorption on the carbon coating. In comparison with pure pyrite, the pyrite concentrate had a higher capacity adsorbing gold, due to the presence of carbonaceous matter in the pyrite concentrate. Fine grinding intensified the smearing of carbon or graphite on the mineral particles, resulting in a larger extent of enhancement in the preg-robbing of the concentrate by the carbon or graphite coating.A diagnostic elution of the preg-robbing pyrite samples indicated that the reduction of gold at the pyrite surfaces was the dominant mechanism for gold adsorption on pyrite, followed by physical and chemical adsorption. Surface topological studies by SEM/EDX showed that gold adsorbed at defect sites on pyrite surfaces. For the pyrite with a 5% carbon coating, gold was observed to adsorb not only at the defect sites, but also at the smooth surfaces with carbon present. For the pyrite with a 5% graphite coating, carbon was also found at the pyrite surfaces, but gold was only detected at the defect sites. XPS studies revealed that part of the gold physically and chemically adsorbed on pyrite or pyrite coated with carbon or graphite. Some gold cyanide was reduced at the pyrite surfaces, with the sulphide ions of pyrite being oxidised to elemental sulphur.     

Effect of contaminant carbonaceous matter on the sorption of gold by pyrite

The effect of carbon or graphite coating on the adsorption of gold cyanide on pyrite was investigated with pure pyrite and a pyrite concentrate. In the carbon or graphite contaminated pyrite systems carbon and graphite not only acted as gold sorbents, but also enhanced gold adsorption on pyrite. The carbon coating enhanced gold adsorption on pyrite to a larger extent, in comparison with the graphite coating. The carbon or graphite coating on pyrite reduced the negativity of the pyrite surfaces, and hence improved the physical adsorption of gold cyanide on pyrite. In addition, the highly conductive coating of carbon or graphite on pyrite could enhance electron transfer in the electrochemical reactions occurring in the chemical adsorption of gold and gold reduction on pyrite. The preg-robbing by pyrite or the graphite-coated pyrite was reduced and further eliminated at higher cyanide concentrations. However, gold adsorption on the carbon-coated pyrite could not be prevented even at higher cyanide concentrations due to gold adsorption on the carbon coating. In comparison with pure pyrite, the pyrite concentrate had a higher capacity adsorbing gold, due to the presence of carbonaceous matter in the pyrite concentrate. Fine grinding intensified the smearing of carbon or graphite on the mineral particles, resulting in a larger extent of enhancement in the preg-robbing of the concentrate by the carbon or graphite coating.A diagnostic elution of the preg-robbing pyrite samples indicated that the reduction of gold at the pyrite surfaces was the dominant mechanism for gold adsorption on pyrite, followed by physical and chemical adsorption. Surface topological studies by SEM/EDX showed that gold adsorbed at defect sites on pyrite surfaces. For the pyrite with a 5% carbon coating, gold was observed to adsorb not only at the defect sites, but also at the smooth surfaces with carbon present. For the pyrite with a 5% graphite coating, carbon was also found at the pyrite surfaces, but gold was only detected at the defect sites. XPS studies revealed that part of the gold physically and chemically adsorbed on pyrite or pyrite coated with carbon or graphite. Some gold cyanide was reduced at the pyrite surfaces, with the sulphide ions of pyrite being oxidised to elemental sulphur.     

Controlled electrochemical dissolution of hydrothermal and sedimentary pyrite

Electrochemically controlled pyrite dissolution was performed with three pyrite materials from different geological origins under mixed potential and high overpotential conditions. Both solid electrodes and C paste electrodes of powdered pyrite were used. The rate of pyrite dissolution increased with applied positive potential and was strongly affected by temperature. Current density measurements over the applied potential range successfully described the rate of pyrite dissolution of each pyrite electrode. Controlled dissolution performed under mixed potential conditions on the solid electrodes successfully reflected the same pyrite reactivity and dissolution rate order as in batch reactor dissolution studies with the same pyrite materials. Therefore, the relative reactivity of different pyrite materials can be determined through current density measurements on their solid electrodes under mixed potential conditions. This technique could be a useful tool to compare rapidly the relative reactivity for different pyrite materials. In contrast, electrochemically controlled dissolution studies with C paste electrodes constructed with fine-grained pyrite and paraffin/graphite mixture did not result in accurate ranking of pyrite samples by dissolution rate.     

西藏巴达铜金矿床黄铁矿原位主微量元素特征及其环境效应

黄铁矿在自然环境中极易发生氧化,造成严重生态环境问题。为了研究自然条件下不同粒度和晶形黄铁矿化学成分的差异对黄铁矿氧化速率的影响,本文对巴达铜金矿床黄铁矿进行了LA- ICP- MS原位主微量元素分析和矿物面扫描分析。测试结果表明粗粒黄铁矿S、Fe含量较高,成分更纯;微量元素As、Co、Ni和Pb、Cu、Zn分别以类质同象方式和包裹体形式更多地存在于细粒黄铁矿中,二者均能促使细粒黄铁矿氧化速率加快;粗粒黄铁矿中Cr和Ti元素含量较高,其氧化后生成致密氧化膜可抑制黄铁矿被进一步氧化。本文认为对于本矿床中粗粒黄铁矿和细粒黄铁矿氧化污染问题应采用两种不同的治理措施,对于不易被氧化的粗粒黄铁矿,使其处于常温常压的干燥避光环境中即可防止发生氧化;对于易氧化的细粒黄铁矿,其氧化产物造成污染对环境压力较大,应采用源头治理和末端治理相结合的措施进行处理,以达到更科学的治理效果。     

Size and maceral association of pyrite in Illinois coals and their float-sink fractions

The amount of pyrite (FeS₂) removed by physical cleaning varies with differences in the amount of pyrite enclosed within minerals and of free pyrite in feed coals. A microscopic procedure for characterizing the size and maceral association of pyrite grains was developed and evaluate by testing three coals and their washed products. The results yield an index to the cleanability of pyrite. The index is dependent upon particle size and has intermediate values for feed coals, lower values for cleaned fractions, and higher values for refuse fractions; furthermore, it correlates with pyritic sulfur content. In the coals examined, the summed percentage of grain diameters of pyrite enclosed in vitrinite, liptinite, and bi- and trimacerite provides a quantitative measure of the proportion of early diagenetic deposition of pyrite.     

Trace-element characteristics of different pyrite types in Mesoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic placer deposits

A comparative in situ LA-ICP MS trace-element study on pyrite from three different, variably auriferous, Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic palaeoplacer deposits in the Ouro Fino Syncline (Quadrilátero Ferrífero; Brazil), the Elliot Lake area north of Lake Huron (SE Canada) and several deposits within the Witwatersrand Basin (South Africa) revealed systematic differences between morphologically different pyrite types and between the various palaeoplacer deposits. Especially the Ni and Au concentrations as well as Co/Ni and Mo/Ni ratios were found to be systematically different in detrital compact, detrital porous and post-sedimentary/hydrothermal pyrite grains from different source areas. High Co/Ni ratios and low Au concentrations are typical of post-sedimentary pyrite, which is hydrothermal in origin. In contrast, relatively low Co/Ni ratios and high Au contents characterise detrital porous banded and concentric pyrite grains (Au > 1 ppm), which are syn-sedimentary in origin. In the Elliot Lake area and the Witwatersrand Basin, detrital compact rounded pyrite is characterised by high Co/Ni ratios, which is in agreement with derivation from a hydrothermal source. Low Au concentrations in this pyrite type support the contention of the gold and the pyrite in these deposits coming from different source rocks. In contrast, derivation from an originally diagenetic pyrite is suggested for the detrital compact pyrite in the Ouro Fino Syncline because of low to intermediate Co/Ni ratios. High Au contents may indicate a genetic relationship between pyrite and gold there. Systematic differences exist between the three areas with respect to Au, Ni, Co, Mo and Cu distributions in detrital pyrite, which reflects differences in the provenance. A predominantly mafic/ultramafic source is indicated for the Ouro Fino, a felsic source for the Elliot Lake, and a mixed felsic–mafic provenance for the Witwatersrand pyrite populations. Independently of pyrite type, the higher Au endowment of the studied Witwatersrand and Ouro Fino conglomerates are also reflected by an overall higher Au concentration in the respective pyrite grains compared to the relatively Au-poor samples from Elliot Lake. In general, a strong positive correlation between Au and Pb levels in the various pyrite grains is noted. Analogous to Pb, which is well known for not being easily accommodated in the pyrite crystal lattice but occurring as discrete PbS phases, Au is considered to be present mainly in the form of discrete Au phases in minute pores and interstices of the pyrite grains rather than within the pyrite lattice.     

河南小秦岭金矿田黄铁矿热电性特征及其在找矿勘探中的应用

对小秦岭金矿田东闯、出岔、杨砦峪3个矿区的研究表明，小秦岭地区黄铁矿热电性特征与国内外其他地区典型金矿床有所不同，即矿脉和围岩中的黄铁矿绝大多数为N型，混合导型出现在矿体的中心部位。通过黄铁矿热电性与矿脉金含量、黄铁矿晶形、黄铁矿中的微量元素等关系研究，总结出小秦岭地区黄铁矿的找矿评价指标。     

An electrochemical study of pyrite oxidation in the presence of carbon coatings in cyanide medium

The anodic and cathodic behaviour of pyrite with clay and different carbon coatings of activated carbon, graphite and carbonaceous matter in cyanide medium was investigated using the potentiodynamic method. The presence of clay coating did not change the polarisation curve appearance for either the anodic oxidation of pyrite or the cathodic reduction of oxygen or the potential of the current plateau, but only decreased the plateau current especially at a higher coating thickness. The presence of the carbon coatings marginally shifted the rest potential for pyrite to a more anodic position and slightly changed the polarisation curve appearance for pyrite oxidation. The current density for pyrite oxidation largely increased in the presence of the carbon coatings, the potential at the plateau shifted to more cathodic positions, and the plateau width became smaller. These effects became more noticeable at a higher coating thickness. The activated carbon, graphite and carbonaceous matter coatings performed similarly in affecting pyrite oxidation at a similar thickness. The carbon coatings significantly increased the limiting current densities for oxygen reduction on pyrite, and the limiting current plateau became steeper at a higher coating thickness. The carbon coatings increased the limiting current density for oxygen reduction to a similar extent at a low coating thickness, but increased to varied extents at a higher coating thickness. The carbon coatings also greatly increased the cathodic current density for gold reduction on pyrite. The enhancement of pyrite oxidation and oxygen or gold reduction on pyrite by the carbon coatings was likely attributed to the electrochemical interaction between pyrite and the carbon materials with electron-rich surfaces and high conductivity. The presence of the carbon coatings significantly increased the oxidation of pyrite in aerated cyanide solutions and the preg-robbing of pyrite especially at a higher coating thickness.     

我国热液金矿中黄铁矿的载金性研究

黄铁矿是热液金矿主要的载金矿物。单个金矿中黄铁矿的载金已有不少研究,并积累了相关经验,但综合研究和相对定量的分析鲜见,对热液金矿中黄铁矿含金性的普遍认识非常重要。以我国数十个重要的卡林/类卡林型、造山型、岩浆热液型以及浅成低温热液型金矿中载金黄铁矿的矿物学及元素组成为基础,相对全面和定量地开展了黄铁矿粒径、自形程度和As含量与其载金性之间相关性的研究。结果表明:黄铁矿的载金性与其粒径大小多呈负相关(相关系数为-0.049~-0.783),与其自形程度多呈负相关(相关系数为-0.049~-0.989),与其As含量多呈正相关(相关系数为0.189~0.998),即细晶、它形、高As黄铁矿载金性优于粗晶、自形、低As的黄铁矿。相较于粗晶自形的黄铁矿,中细晶它形黄铁矿晶体,由于非理想的生长条件,使其内部晶格缺陷常见,从而更易包裹自然金;As以类质同象的形式置换S进入黄铁矿,由于As与S的晶体化学性质差异,导致高As黄铁矿内部出现更多晶格缺陷而捕获金。这些可能都是导致细晶、它形、高As黄铁矿载金性优于粗粒、自形、低As黄铁矿的原因。热液金矿成矿早阶段形成黄铁矿中的不可见金,很可能在热液系统中通过溶解、迁移、再沉淀等过程,而转变为可见金。     

沉积地层中的黄铁矿形态及同位素特征初探——以华南埃迪卡拉纪深水相地层为例

地质历史时期新元古代大气氧含量普遍较低。在硫酸盐还原细菌作用下,作为海洋重要的氧化性离子,陆源硫酸根离子有效促进了深层海水的氧化进程。在此过程中,硫元素在硫酸根和黄铁矿之间发生显著同位素分馏,其分馏程度可反推当时古海洋的氧化还原状态。沉积地层中的黄铁矿普遍具有多种形态,不同形态黄铁矿的形成环境多有不同。如草莓状黄铁矿多形成于底层缺氧水体或沉积物的浅表面,而大颗粒单晶黄铁矿或脉状黄铁矿则多沉积于成岩早期的沉积物孔隙或形成于成岩后期的热液改造。与草莓状黄铁矿不同,大颗粒单晶或脉状黄铁矿的硫同位素组成并不能反映沉积时期的古海洋氧化还原条件。判定沉积地层中不同形态的黄铁矿及形成过程,是获得有效反映海洋沉积环境硫同位素组成特征的基本前提。简要总结了地质历史时期沉积地层中的黄铁矿类型及矿物形成过程,并以华南埃迪卡拉纪蓝田组岩芯样品为例,识别出各个样品中的黄铁矿形态组成特征,对比分析了全岩黄铁矿与样品中大颗粒黄铁矿硫同位素组成差异。研究结果表明:不同岩性样品中黄铁矿的形态种类及含量均存在差异。页岩样品保存有更好形态的自形晶以及草莓状黄铁矿;碳酸盐岩样品中具有较多自形晶以及他形晶黄铁矿,并且其中的少量草莓状黄铁矿遭受后期成岩作用而发生不同程度的晶体蚀变。样品中大颗粒黄铁矿的硫同位素值（δ34S_L-pyr）通常显著高于全岩黄铁矿的硫同位素值（δ34S_T-pyr）,最大差值可达48.5‰。在利用黄铁矿的硫同位素组成来反推当时古海洋环境时,需要区分不同形态黄铁矿,仔细剔除大颗粒黄铁矿,降低成岩期黄铁矿对样品中硫同位素组成的影响。更细致的微区黄铁矿硫同位素分析工作将依赖于SIMS分析测试手段进行。