中国低熟原油的分布及其地球化学特征

中国中，新生代陆相沉积盆地具有形成低熟原油得天独厚有利条件，就其形成的沉积环境而言既有半咸水－咸水环境，又有开阔的淡水－未咸水环境；既有干旱的盐膏环境，又有湖沼煤系环境，大多数低熟油油藏赋存于埋深小于２０００ｍ的储层，低熟原油系未成熟－低成熟烃源岩中某些特殊有机质在低温生化－化学反应阶段所生成的液态烃类，具有低饱烃，低饱／芳比，高非烃的组成特征，其甾烷标志化合物中保留了较高含量的原始生物构型（αα     

沉积物中NSO杂环芳烃的分布特征及其地球化学意义

对金湖凹陷原油和烃源岩中分子骨架结构相似，分别含N，S，O的三类杂环芳烃－吡咯类，硫芴和氧芴系列的分布特征及其应用进行了初步探讨,烃源岩中这三类杂原子化合物的丰度一般高于原油，其在油，岩中的丰度差异按含N，O和S化合物的顺序依次降低，指示三类化合物吸附性依次降低，原油和烃源岩中三类杂原子化合物丰度具有较好的正相关性，并与芴系列具有良好的多项式关系，暗示三类杂原子化合物在原生和（或）后生作用与干酪根降解方式上可能有某些相似性与相关性，在未熟一低熟阶段，随着成熟度的增加，三类化合物的丰度逐渐增加，指示成熟度对其有一定的控制作用，NSO化合物在油气运移，成熟度评价和指相等方面具有重要意义。     

洪泽凹陷低熟原油的饱和烃化合物组合

通过对洪泽凹陷低熟原油中饱和烃化合物组合研究表明，它们能够较为有效和准确定低熟原油的生烃母质和沉积环境。在洪泽凹陷原油中，存在着着典型半咸水－咸水环境的生物标志物组合，如Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ〈１，丰富的伽玛蜡烷，相对较高含量的Ｃ２９４－甲基甾烷，Ｃ２６甾烷，甲藻甾烷等。     

未熟—低熟油的油气地球化学研究

作为油气地球化学研究的新领域之一，未熟－低熟油研究已引起人们重视。未熟－低熟油气形成条件及区域地球化学特征研究表明，未熟－低熟源岩层的烃源岩具有有机质类型好、丰度高的特点，同时不同的沉积背景和湖盆类型，决定了其有机质的生源构成，既具有共性又存在一定的差异，这些差异决定了其生烃特征和生成产物的不同。     

八面河地区原油、烃源岩中甾类化合物的分布特征及其应用

对渤海湾盆地八面河地区31个分别形成于还原性咸化水体和淡水环境的页岩和泥岩样、20个油样中甾类化合物进行了剖析。结果表明该区烃源岩、原油中的甾类化合物异常丰富，主要包括C27－29规则甾烷、C28－304－甲基甾烷、甲藻甾烷以及芳香甾类；不同层段烃源岩中甾类化合物的分布各具特色，发育于牛庄洼陷南斜坡咸化水体的富藻类沙四段页岩富含4－甲基甾烷及甲藻甾烷，形成于淡水环境的沙三段泥岩中甲藻甾烷不太发育。烃源岩、原油中规则甾烷的分布型式明显有别于甲基甾烷，指示两类化合物可能来源于不同的藻类属种。甾类化合物的分布特征受控于古环境、生物先质种类及热成熟度等多种因素。不同层段甾类化合物的特征性分布使其成为该区油源岩确认的关键指标。结果还表明，甲基甾烷在油源岩识别中比规则甾烷具有更好的应用效果。依据甾类化合物，可判断埋深超过2700m的Es4烃源岩与原油具有较好的相关性，发育于牛洼洼陷南斜坡的未熟－低熟特殊烃源岩－富藻类页岩与原油没有可比性，该结论是对近期油源调查结果的进一步确认。     

辽河盆地西部凹陷源岩特征及低熟油分布规律研究

未-低成熟油的发现及其成因研究是近年来油气地球化学的重要进展之一, 从源岩的基本特征入手, 分析辽河盆地低熟油的生成能力, 将原油划分为六类: 未熟-低熟降解稠油、未熟未降解稠油、低熟降解稠油、低熟未降解稀油、正常稀油和成熟降解稠油.研究表明, 未-低熟油的分布受深度、生油洼陷的构造带及断层输导能力的控制.      

马朗凹陷低熟页岩油地球化学特征及成烃机理

勘探实践和研究表明,马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组源内油气为页岩油,该原油C₂₉甾烷立体异构化参数w(20S)/w(20S+20R)、w(ββ)/w(αα+ββ)均为0.2~0.4,为典型低熟原油。通过对芦草沟组烃源岩地球化学和有机岩石学特征的综合研究,发现低熟页岩油的生烃母质为原生的富氢无定形体,这些无定形体在沉积早期经历过细菌的改造作用,致使其具有特殊的生烃演化模式,即低熟-成熟阶段早期（R_o为0.55%~0.75%）处于生油高峰,对应埋深为1 800~2 900 m,埋深大于或小于该主峰带,烃源岩生烃能力急剧降低。泥岩生烃模拟实验、热解、抽提等实验数据表明:芦草沟组低熟页岩油正是位于该主生带的源岩所生,处于生烃带的源岩区即为马朗凹陷低熟页岩油富集的有利地区。     

百色盆地低熟油的地球化学特征及成因机制

对百色盆地几个典型低熟油进行了常规的有机地球化学分析,并重点以百－５井低熟油为对象,详细总结了饱和烃,芳烃生物标志物地球化学特征及其组合,结果表明陆生高等植物和微生物大量繁衍及其对高等植物的改造的贡献可能是形成百色盆地第三系低熟油的主要原因。     

江西南波阳迭凹二叠系烃源岩地球化学特征及对油气勘查的意义

本文对江西南波阳迭凹二叠系烃源岩的地球化学特征作了初步探讨，基本阐明了龙潭组烃源岩与茅口组烃源岩在地球化学特征方面的异同，并作了综合性的评判。同时，结合南波阳迭凹具体地质背景，提出了迭凹内高断块区不利于油气保存，宜在迭凹内低断块区进行油气勘查的观点，进而指出了具体油气勘查靶区。     

大王北洼陷烃源岩有机地球化学特征

根据烃源岩可溶抽提物的色谱和色谱- 质谱分析结果,对大王北洼陷沙四段、沙三段和沙一段烃源岩的饱和烃和芳烃生物标志化合物组合特征进行了对比研究,揭示了三套烃源岩在沉积环境和有机母源输入的不同特征,总结了应用生物标志化合物鉴别三套烃源岩的组合参数特征,为精细的油源对比奠定了基础。研究表明,沙四段烃源岩具有较低的Pr /Ph,4-甲基甾烷同类物中C28 4-甲基系列含量最低、较高的甲藻甾烷含量、较低的重排甾烷含量、异常的C35 升藿烷含量、高伽马蜡烷异常指数、含一定量的奥利烷和较高的硫芴系列化合物含量等特征,反映了沙四段烃源岩形成于高盐度含硫强还原沉积环境,低等水生生物为主,高等植物有明显贡献的混合母源特征。沙三段烃源岩具有较高的Pr /Ph,4-甲基甾烷同类物中C29 4-甲基系列含量最低、几乎不含甲藻甾烷、较高的重排甾烷含量、基本正常的升藿烷分布、低伽马蜡烷异常指数和较低的奥利烷含量等特征,反映了沙三段烃源岩形成于半咸水的一般还原环境,低等水生生物为主,有一定量高等植物有机输入的混合母源特征。沙一段烃源岩具有极低的Pr /Ph,4-甲基甾烷同类物中C28 4-甲基系列含量最低、较高的甲藻甾烷含量、很低的重排甾烷含量、异常的C33 升藿烷含量、高伽马蜡烷异常指数、极低的奥利烷含量和较高的脱羟基维生素E 含量等特征,反映了沙一段烃源岩形成于高盐度强还原沉积环境,低等水生生物占绝对优势的有机母源特征。对研究区烃源岩生物标志化合物成熟度参数随深度的变化进行了分析,结果表明在不同层系中成熟度参数的演化存在显著差异,沉积埋藏历史和沉积环境可能是导致这些差异的原因,为此在应用这些参数进行烃源岩乃至生成石油的成熟度评价时,应使用不同的标准。     

生物降解原油中吡咯氮化合物组成的变化

渤海海域地区近50个原油样品中性氮组分的GC／MS定量分析资料表明,油藏中的生物降解作用对原油的吡咯氮化合物含量和分布有明显影响。经与同源未降解原油比较,各种烷基咔唑和苯并咔唑在3。4级中轻度降解油中就出现明显降解迹象,随生物降解程度增高其含量逐渐减少,在6—8级严重降解油中它们的总含量降低到原有的五分之一左右。在3—4级中轻度降解油中,裸露型甲基咔唑异构体更容易被微生物侵袭而代谢,抗生物降解能力按1-甲基咔唑〉4-甲基咔唑〉2-、3-甲基咔唑顺序递减;当降解程度更高时,这些化合物降解速率相当,1-／4-MCA等比值相对稳定。低-中等降解阶段,不同类型二甲基咔唑异构体的抗生物降解能力也存在明显差异性,呈屏蔽型〉半屏蔽型〉裸露型降低;在生物降解水平进一步增高时,这些异构体之间的相对含量变化不大。生物降解作用对苯并咔唑系列化合物分布的影响具有不确定性,且随降解程度的增加变得更为显著,降解油中【a】／[c】苯并咔唑比值或增高或降低。生物降解原油中吡咯氮化合物的组成变化,使降解油的二次运移示踪面临新的问题。     

Migration Fractionation of Neutral Nitrogen Compounds of Crude Oils from Tabei Oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China

The absolute amounts and relative distributions of neutral nitrogen compounds in the Tabei oilfield (e. G. Blocks Ln1-Ln1 1) showed remarkable migration fractionation in the vertical direction. From Ordovician reservoirs (O) to oil legs TⅢ and T Ⅰ of Triassic reservoirs in blocks LN1-LN11, the concentrations of [a] [c] decreased from 1. 59μg/g, 0.49μg/g to 0.17 μg/g (oil). The ratios of various alkylcarbazole isomers, such as 1,8-dimethylcarbazole/nitrogenpartially shielded isomers and 1,8-dimethylcarbazole/nitrogen-exposed isomers, were adopted as the indicators of petroleum migration. The ratios increased from 0.13, 0.20 to 0.67 and from going from the south to the north of the Tabei oilfield, the absolute concentrations of neutral nitrogen compounds decreased drastically, and the nitrogen-shielded isomers were enriched relative to nitrogen-exposed isomers and nitrogen-partially shielded isomers. Crude oils in the Tabei oilfield migrated laterally from the Jilake structure to the Sangtamu fault uplift and Lunnan fault uplift, and crude oils in the same fault uplift migrated and remigrated vertically from Ordovician reservoirs, to oil legs TⅢ to TⅠ of Triassic reservoirs.     

Discussion on Petroleum Migration in Bamianhe Oilfield of Dongying Depression, East China

Petroleum migration process of Bamianhe oilfield of Dongying depression, East China is evaluated on the basis of our detailed work on geochemistry of the crude oil and the source. Molecular tracers, especially nitrogen compounds, are employed in assessing style of oil migration and accumulation. Additionally, absolute quantitative results of heteroaromatics including dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene and fluorene with similar basic frames to pyrrolic nitrogenic compounds are also used to evaluate the quantity of petroleum migration. According to apparent migration effects of the pyrrolic nitrogen compounds, it is indicated that most of Bamianhe oil was derived from potential source kitchen-Niu-zhuang sag, migrated and accumulated at Bamianhe fault belt through selective paths according to a main filling point displayed. Generally, upward migration trend from the main point along the south slope is noted. There are observable migration effects from Guangli subsag to the north Bamianhe and Yangjiaogou oilfields showing Guangli subsag was a secondary kitchen accounting for the oils in the north portion. Significant vertical migration effects shown in several cross sections demonstrate that faults well developed in the area play an important role in oil migration and accumulation. Unformality, sandstone reservoirs distributed locally also suggest important fairways in connecting sources with traps. The tectonic and a combination of tectonic and lithological mechanism are identified as the critical mechanisms in entrapping hydrocarbons. Migration trend suggested by nitrogenic compounds agrees well with analysis of lateral compositional variety and thermal maturity gradient. This study also confirms well with our previous studies. It is the location of source rocks, tectonic and stratigraphic characteristics that have a comprehensive control on the model of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in Bamianhe oilfield. Results also show that the oils are mostly derived from the deep parts of the Niuzhuang and Guangli sags within normal oil window.     

Identification and geochemical significance of polarized macromolecular compounds in lacustrine and marine oils

Polarized macromolecular compounds in typical lacustrine and marine shale oils collected from the Ordos Basin and Tarim Basin of China were analyzed by FT-ICR-MS. Maturity was taken into consideration by diagenesis physical simulation experiments on shale oils, which had been collected at various temperature and pressure stages. The results showed that similar components existed in non-hydrocarbon and asphaltenes and the main peak compound classes of Nl and 02 were potential parameters for identifying typical marine oil and lacustrine oil in China. Nitrogen compounds/（nitrogen compounds and oxygen compounds）, such as Nl/（O2＋Nt）, NL/（Oa＋Nt）, Ni/（NiO1＋N1O2） are the maturity indicators, which are related with C-N and C-O bond energy. Differences in molecular components and weights between marine and lacustrine oils are the effective index to identify source maturity and sedimentary environment.     

八面河油田油气运聚、成藏模式探讨

八面河油田原油中吡咯类化合物及与其具有类似骨架的杂原子芳烃—二苯并噻吩、二苯并呋喃等具有较为明显的运移分馏效应 ,指示八面河断裂构造带中北部断裂、构造较为发育地带为主要油气注入点 ,绝大部分油气自主要注入点沿地层上倾方向作侧向运移 ;广北斜坡带运移分馏效应不太明显 ,反映各油气单元间连通性较差及油源、油气运聚成藏过程较为复杂 ;滩海一带原油具有较强的运移分馏效应 ,指示原油具有非原地性 .含氮化合物运移分馏效应反映 ,断层、不整合面为八面河油田油气运移的主要通道 ,牛庄、广利洼陷为八面河油田可能的油源区 ,反映绝大多数油气主要来自正常生油门窗内的成熟烃源岩 .     

Characteristics of Oil Sources from the Chepaizi Swell,Junggar Basin,China

<正>So far there has been no common opinion on oil source of the Chepaizi swell in the Junggar Basin.Therefore,it is difficult to determine the pathway system and trend of hydrocarbon migration, and this resulted in difficulties in study of oil-gas accumulation patterns.In this paper,study of nitrogen compounds distribution in oils from Chepaizi was carried out in order to classify source rocks of oils stored in different reservoirs in the study area.Then,migration characteristics of oils from the same source were investigated by using nitrogen compounds parameters.The results of nitrogen compounds in a group of oil/oil sand samples from the same source indicate that the oils trapped in the Chepaizi swell experienced an obvious vertical migration.With increasing migration distance,amounts and indices of carbazoles have a regular changing pattern(in a fine linear relationship).By using nitrogen compounds techniques,the analyzed oil/oil sand samples of Chepaizi can be classified into two groups.One is the samples stored in reservoir beds of the Cretaceous and Tertiary,and these oils came from mainly Jurassic source rock with a small amount of Cretaceous rock;the other is those stored in the Jurassic,Permian and Carboniferous beds,and they originated from the Permian source.In addition,a sample of oil from an upper Jurassic reservoir(Well Ka 6), which was generated from Jurassic coal source rock,has a totally different nitrogen compound distribution from those of the above-mentioned two groups of samples,which were generated from mudstone sources.Because of influence from fractionation of oil migration,amounts and ratios of nitrogen compounds with different structures and polarities change regularly with increasing migrating distance,and as a result the samples with the same source follow a good linear relationship in content and ratio,while the oil samples of different sources have obviously different nitrogen compound distribution owing to different organic matter types of their source rocks.These conclusions of oil source study are identical with those obtained by other geochemical bio-markers. Therefore,nitrogen compounds are of great significance in oil type classification and oil/source correlation.     

Research on the direction of secondary migration of oil by making use of nitrogen compounds as tracers in the No. 6 area of the Melut Basin

1 IntroductionThe application of isomeric-nitrogen compounds astracers to oil-migration research is a piece of innovatorywork, and also a newbreakthrough made in non-hydro-carbon geochemistry research. At present, a lot ofwork has been done on nitrogen co…     

The distribution of dimethylcarbazoles in oils from the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea

C2-carbazole isomers have been investigated in crude oils from the Hui-Liu Structure Ridge (HLSR) in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), South China Sea. The NH shielded isomer, as well as the NH partially shielded isomers, was detected in high abundance and the NH exposed isomers in lower abundance. A small-enrichment trend of 1,8-dimethylcarbazole (DMC) was observed in crude oils along the western part of HLSR (WPHLSR), which may indicate little effect of migration on the C2-carbazole distributions. Two strikingly different distribution patterns of NH partially shielded isomers were observed in the reservoirs along the WPHLSR: one with a preference of 1,3- and 1,6-DMCs and the other with a preference of 1,4- and 1,5-DMCs. All of the oils occurring in the Upper reservoirs have a preference of 1,3- and 1,6-DMCs, whereas those trapped in the Lower reservoirs show a preference of 1,4- and 1,5-DMCs, which may indicate there are two petroleum migration systems in the WPHLSR.     

准噶尔盆地三叠系生源油藏的发现及其意义

首次在准噶尔盆地发现了来源于三叠系烃源岩的典型原油，其地球化学特征与以往发现的石炭系、二叠系和侏罗系烃源岩生成原油均不同。该原油全油碳同位素δ^13C值为-3l‰左右，与石炭系和侏罗系原油差异很大；生物标志物中富含重排甾烷、Ts、C29Ts及C30重排藿烷，而伽马蜡烷和β-胡萝卜烷含量低，与三叠系烃源岩抽提物中生物标志物的分布十分相似，而与二叠系和侏罗系明显不同。二叠系、三叠系和侏罗系烃源岩的地球化学特征对比分析研究表明，三叠系是仅次于二叠系的良好烃源岩，具有较高的生烃潜力，是该盆地中又一套重要的烃源岩层系。油源对比表明该原油来源于三叠系烃源岩。三叠系生源原油的发现对该盆地油气勘探具有十分重要的意义。