基于空间分析与模糊匹配的地名变化检查方法

本文采用空间距离分析与模糊匹配结合方式,分析现今地名与历史地名几何相似度和属性相似度,实现对新增、消失、更名的地名数据进行快速查找,为地名数据生产和更新入库提供有效质量控制工具。以玉林市地名数据为研究对象,应用ArcGIS+Python开发地名数据变化检查软件,验证了该方法具有较好实用性。     

地名地址基因的网页文本地名地址提取算法

针对网页文本蕴含着丰富的地名地址空间信息,但因其描述的随机性、多样性,导致信息很难被快速、准确地识别出来的问题。该文在分析网页文本中地名地址组成特点的基础上,考虑地名地址的事件属性,提出了一种基于"地名地址基因"的信息提取方法,依据事件相关度、地名地址的字符长度等提取因子建立提取规则树获取目标地名地址。实际数据测试表明该方法在地名地址提取上更具针对性,提高了效率和准确率。     

区划地名信息数据库建设中信息获取与处理

本文简述了区划地名信息数据库所具有的功能、建库内容,重点从地图是地名信息基本载体的角度分析了区划地名信息数据库建设中信息的获取与处理工作。     

利用改进SEaTH算法的面向对象分类特征选择方法

针对分离阈值法(SEaTH)仅从类间距离评价特征,没有考虑类内距离和特征之间相关性的不足,提出了一种改进的SEaTH算法——ISEaTH。该算法分别依据特征相关性、类间距离和类内距离对特征进行评价,然后综合利用多种评价结果获取最优的特征子集。采用新疆喀什地区的QuickBird数据进行了特征选择的实验。结果表明,该方法不但能降低特征维数,有效优化特征空间,还能提高分类精度。     

地名通名与地理要素类型的关系映射

以大规模的全国地名为数据源,采用人工辅助方式提取地名通名,建立地名通名和地理要素类型之间的映射关系,并通过实例分析了地名通名和地理要素类型的交叉映射现象。     

一种基于复合特征的中文地名识别方法

中文地名识别是命名实体识别的重要研究课题之一,也是提高地理信息系统应用水平的关键。传统的地名识别主要基于词性或地名要素特征,特征类型有限。提出了一种基于复合特征的中文地名识别方法,挖掘中文地名在自然语言中的特点,设计了类型、路径、距离和数量四种句法特征,基于地名要素特征、词性特征、句法特征三种复合特征利用条件随机场模型实现了中文地名的训练和识别。通过实验对比复合特征在中文地名识别方法的效果,结果表明复合特征能够有效提高中文地名识别的准确率和召回率,尤其是对于复杂地名的识别,具有良好的效果。     

太阳黑子数对电离层总电子含量的影响

针对太阳活动影响电离层变化的问题,该文利用2000年到2020年太阳黑子数和IGS组织提供的全球电离层总电子含量(TEC)格网数据,借助数理统计、相关系数及时间序列等方法,研究了太阳黑子数与电离层TEC之间的关系.实验结果表明:①两者之间的相关性具有分段变化的性质,分段变化由太阳黑子数的临界点L决定,因此确定了太阳黑子数与TEC日均值相关性的分段函数,并给出了太阳黑子数临界点L;②太阳黑子数的变化会引起电离层TEC值的变化,而这个变化具有1～3 d的滞后性,其中电离层TEC日均值滞后于太阳黑子数2d最为明显;③太阳黑子数和电离层TEC值具有明显的相关性,但太阳黑子数与电离层TEC值之间年相关性强弱不均.     

基于GIS的榆林市乡镇地名分布特征研究

利用不同的网络公开地名数据源进行数据融合,获得榆林市乡镇级居民地地名数据,在此基础上,对地名数据进行统计分类,引入地名密度和地名点距离的指标,运用GIS的分析方法,对榆林市乡镇级地名数据进行景观分析。研究得出:榆林乡镇地名从东南向西北部递减,并且呈现出聚集的分布特征;榆林市的自然人文特征直接体现在其主要地名分类的分布上,山水类地名的分布反映了榆林西北部沙漠干旱,东南部黄土丘陵、河流较密的自然特点,姓氏、军事类地名的分布则反映了榆林市的移民文化、多民族混居的民族特色,以及古代军事价值高的特点。     

基于GIS的姓氏地名制图方法研究

地名研究能够揭示地名所固有的科学价值,为科学研究提供重要依据,地名制图法是地名研究中常用的方法,用它分析姓氏地名可以追述某姓氏起源,了解该姓氏人口的分布、迁移等.本文借助GIS软件,对张姓地名进行了分析,采用的格网制图数据分析,可以反映张姓村庄的密集程度、密度值连续变化状况、宏观分布规律;空间平滑插值制图数据分析,可以...     

多级索引驱动的地名信息检索方法

针对地理空间数据交换和共享平台的地名数据日益增多及不同部门的数据差异所造成的地名检索效率低下问题,该文分析了平台中地名的表达特征,设计了面向地名信息的多级索引库组织方式,提出了地名特征词典的构建方法,设计并开发原型系统,实现了基于Lucene和地名特征词的检索框架。实验表明:多级索引通过基础索引、特征索引、分类索引三者联动的方式降低了地名检索的复杂度,具有较高的检索效率和准确度,应用于浙江省地理空间数据交换和共享平台取得了良好的效果。     

Analyzing Relatedness by Toponym Co‐Occurrences on Web Pages

This research proposes a method for capturing “relatedness between geographical entities” based on the co‐occurrences of their names on web pages. The basic assumption is that a higher count of co‐occurrences of two geographical places implies a stronger relatedness between them. The spatial structure of China at the provincial level is explored from the co‐occurrences of two provincial units in one document, extracted by a web information retrieval engine. Analysis on the co‐occurrences and topological distances between all pairs of provinces indicates that: (1) spatially close provinces generally have similar co‐occurrence patterns; (2) the frequency of co‐occurrences exhibits a power law distance decay effect with the exponent of 0.2; and (3) the co‐occurrence matrix can be used to capture the similarity/linkage between neighboring provinces and fed into a regionalization method to examine the spatial organization of China. The proposed method provides a promising approach to extracting valuable geographical information from massive web pages.     

Mapping ideas from cyberspace to realspace: visualizing the spatial context of keywords from web page search results

We introduce a new method for visualizing and analyzing information landscapes of ideas and events posted on public web pages through customized web-search engines and keywords. This research integrates GIScience and web-search engines to track and analyze public web pages and their web contents with associated spatial relationships. Web pages searched by clusters of keywords were mapped with real-world coordinates (by geolocating their Internet Protocol addresses). The resulting maps represent web information landscapes consisting of hundreds of populated web pages searched by selected keywords. By creating a Spatial Web Automatic Reasoning and Mapping System prototype, researchers can visualize the spread of web pages associated with specific keywords, concepts, ideas, or news over time and space. These maps may reveal important spatial relationships and spatial context associated with selected keywords. This approach may provide a new research direction for geographers to study the diffusion of human thought and ideas. A better understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the ‘collective thinking of human beings’ over the Internet may help us understand various innovation diffusion processes, human behaviors, and social movements around the world.     

基于ASP.NET与VB.NET实现WebGIS基本功能的探讨

ASP．NET是微软公司新推出的网页开发语言,对于实现网络地理信息系统的网上发布具有自己的优势。本文通过分析ASP与其他的动态网页开发技术,体现了ASP．NET的特点。在文章中,对如何使用ASP．NET实现地理信息系统的网上发布作了较详细的介绍,是对WebGIS的有益探讨。     

基于GIS技术的三维可视化数字校园建设研究——以贵州大学为例

“数字化校园”通过对校区内地物地貌进行数字化建模,形成可视的校园基础地理信息模型,具有覆盖面积小、资料容易获取、实地踏勘方便等优势,对于现代化校园建设管理具有积极意义。通过高清卫星影像图与实地调查相结合的方法,进行了ArcGIS区域矢量化、三维建模以及编写HTML网页的工作,实现了三维可视化校园成果在ArcScene平台和网页平台的展示。结果表明,利用SketchUp建模并通过网页浏览的效果较好,普适性更强,更易被大众所接受,拓宽了三维可视化成果的受众范围。     

Extracting central places from the link structure in Wikipedia

Explicit information about places is captured in an increasing number of geospatial datasets. This article presents evidence that relationships between places can also be captured implicitly. It demonstrates that the hierarchy of central places in Germany is reflected in the link structure of the German language edition of Wikipedia. The official upper and middle centers declared, based on German spatial laws, are used as a reference dataset. The characteristics of the link structure around their Wikipedia pages, which link to each other or mention each other, and how often, are used to develop a bottom‐up method for extracting central places from Wikipedia. The method relies solely on the structure and number of links and mentions between the corresponding Wikipedia pages; no spatial information is used in the extraction process. The output of this method shows significant overlap with the official central place structure, especially for the upper centers. The results indicate that real‐world relationships are in fact reflected in the link structure on the web in the case of Wikipedia.     

Automation and Democratization of Cartography: An Example of a Mapping System at CEM,University of Durham

Abstract

Over the last three decades, the information revolution and technological advances have led to a paradigm shift in cartography. Recently, the major emphasis has been on 'democratization of cartography', where individuals can be empowered with electronic tools to analyse and visualize spatially referenced data (Morrison, 1994). But, an ordinary user can not effectively use the available GIS tools to visualize geographical data. Therefore, cartographers and/or GIS experts need to develop user-friendly map making systems to facilitate the democratization of cartography. A mapping system was designed using the advanced macro language (AML) and menus of ARC/INFO at the Curriculum for Evaluation and Management Centre (CEM) in Durham University to automate the mapping process (extending from spatial and non-spatial data extraction to the printing of a final map), so that any user can map pupils' locations of any school in the United Kingdom simply by entering some key information. The procedure followed to automate pupils' mapping is described in this paper. A similar programming approach can be helpful to automate mapping systems in a local network and on web.     

海洋信息服务聚合平台应用研究

以当前海洋信息集成国内外的研究现状和存在的问题为背景;以海洋信息集成、业务整合的迫切需求,以及海洋地理信息系统的发展为驱动;以基于Mashup的信息聚合技术和Web服务技术为支持,提出了海洋信息服务聚合平台的体系框架。研究了面向聚合应用的海洋信息服务模式和基于Mashup的海洋信息服务的聚合方法。最后以海洋信息服务聚合平台为基础,以南海基础地理数据为背景数据．研究了基于聚合平俞的分布式海洋观测数据和海洋模型的集成方法。实验表明基于Mashup的海洋信息服务聚合方法可以轻松、快速地重组来自不同地方的数据服务和模型服务,能够满足海洋研究因情景而不断变化的需求。     

基于RIA地理信息共享平台的运维系统研究

运维系统是保证整个地理系统共享平台正常运行的重要组成部分,具有业务流程复杂,数据交互需求大等特点,由于基于B/S模式的传统Web应用程序在页面交互、数据可视化、传输效率等方面弱点制约其在运维系统中的应用,本文引入RIA技术有效解决上述问题。研究了RIA基本原理及应用可行性,并设计了基于该技术的Web应用程序结构模型。最后通过系统的实例运行,表明基于RIA的运维系统具有良好的性能。     

Web browser控件在GIS查询分析显示中的应用研究

针对传统的GIS查询分析结果的显示方法存在的不足,本文提出了利用Web browser控件技术以Web页面形式显示的方法。介绍了基于Web browser的GIS查询分析结果的显示中应用的原理和方法步骤,深入剖析了其功能实现过程中遇到的问题和解决的关键技术,并通过实例进行了验证。     

Geographical Linked Data: The Administrative Geography of Great Britain on the Semantic Web

Ordnance Survey, the national mapping agency of Great Britain, is investigating how semantic web technologies assist its role as a geographical information provider. A major part of this work involves the development of prototype products and datasets in RDF. This article discusses the production of an example dataset for the administrative geography of Great Britain, demonstrating the advantages of explicitly encoding topological relations between geographic entities over traditional spatial queries. We also outline how these data can be linked to other datasets on the web of linked data and some of the challenges that this raises.