展绘邻带方里网的简便方法

在地形图数学基础展绘中,邻带方里同的展绘是比较麻烦的。一般采用展出图廓点及本带坐标网后．转动图板,再和邻带坐标网系统重新定位,然后展绘出邻带方里同。一般需多次调整、对中,相当麻烦。如果把邻带坐标转换到本带中,虽然可以不用移动图板,直接展绘邻带方里同,但其坐标增量△X和△Y的计算却比较麻烦,而且展点时不是整数,也不方便（见高等学校试用教材《普通地图编制》上册第163页）。下面介绍一种展绘邻带方里网的简便方法：在一张聚酯薄膜上展出图幅的图廓点和本带坐标网后,另取一绘图板（或聚酯薄膜。或白纸）,坐标展点仪…     

用Autolisp绘制高精度坐标方格网

通过对AutoCAD填充图案ANSI37的巧用,来完成任意图幅、任意转角的高精度坐标方格网的绘制,同时完成网格线的标注,内图廓、外图廓及图签的绘制,为机助制图提供了一种高精度、快速绘制坐标方格网的好方法。     

大比例尺地形图扫描数字化影像变形纠正方法与实践

结合计算机图像处理的理论和技术,探讨了纠正大比例尺地形图扫描数字化影像变形误差的方法,运用自动搜索方里格网点的算法提高地形图扫描影像纠正的精度.     

地形图上量算点平面位置的模片的研制

我国目前使用的地形图系列是按经纬线分幅的,它是以百万分之一地图为基础。按规定的经差和纬差划分图幅,在内外图廓间除注有直角坐标方里网的公里注记外(图内绘出方里网),还注有地理坐标经纬度和分度带(1:10000除外)。见表1,本文根据地形图上的这些方里网格和分度带,结合我国具体情况,设计出几种量算点的平面位置的模片,可迅速、精确地求得地形图上任一点的平面直角坐标值和地理坐标值。     

地形图变形分块纠正中变形系数的平差求解法

对变形地形图进行纠正的目的是让地形图中各个点都恢复到其测绘时的位置，保持其测绘时的精度。为此不仅要制定一个严密的纠正方法，还必须精确计算出变形系数。考虑到变形纠正时内图廓点的采样坐标中含有偶然误差，应该根据间接平差的理论计算变形系数。     

一种利用数字线划图快速生产数字栅格地图的方法

讨论快速生产数字栅格地图(DRG)的方法,阐述如何在已有数字线划图的基础上,转换成栅格图,编程实现自动对栅格图像进行分析,根据图号计算内图廓对应的大地坐标及像素坐标,进而快速批量地生成数字栅格地图。     

大比例尺地形图扫描数字化影像变形纠正方法与实践

结合计算机图像处理的理论和技术，探讨了纠正大比例尺地形图扫描数字化影像变形误差的方法，运用自动搜索方里格网点的算法提高地形图扫描影像纠正的精度。     

西德MAZ038型展点仪的改进

西德ARISTO MAZ 038型展点仪是一机多用的精密绘图仪，既能作直角坐标、极坐标的展点工作，又能绘、刻各种地形、机械图件。该仪器能展绘最大内图廓为80×80厘米的各种不同比例尺图件，展点精度为±0.02毫米，缺点是该仪器不能安置起始点坐标。     

用Autolisp绘制高精度坐标方格网

通过对ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ填充图案ＡＮＳＩ３７的巧用，来完成任意图幅、任意转角的高精度坐方格网的绘制，同时完成网格线的标注，内图廓、外图廓及图签的绘制，为机助制图提供了一种高精度、快速绘制坐标方格网的好方法。     

解释法剖面方里网的展绘

传统剖面图坐标方里网的展绘，基本采用坐标改算法；角距平行线法以及薄膜套制法三种。坐标改算法虽思路严密，但计算工作量大且不适合薄膜图方里网投影纵线的数字化处理，影响成图精度。剖面图坐标方里网的展绘常采用角距平行线法，它灵活方便，计算简便。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。