Using Causal Inference in Field Development Optimization: Application to Unconventional Plays

Mathematical Geosciences - In the current era of big data and machine learning, a strong focus exists on prediction and classification. In industrial applications, however, many important questions...     

In Situ Stress Measurement Method and its Application in Unconventional Oil and Gas Exploration and Development

<正>Unconventional oil and gas resources have become more and more important for meeting our increasing energy needs,for conventional petroleum resources are becoming depleted.During the exploration and     

C6H水平井三维轨迹优选与控制技术

渤海北部LD油田在井网加密、油田大规模综合布置新钻调整井时,存在新钻的25口井与老井井网交叉、井眼轨迹立体三维缠绕问题,其中C6H水平井是此类问题的典型,同时C6H井还需要在可钻性极差的馆陶组底砾岩地层定向造斜。针对上述问题,通过C6H井3种轨迹方案对比、分析,优选出最为有利的方案,结合螺杆马达和旋转导向工具性能分析,最后采用螺杆马达 水力震荡器 微偏心稳定器等钻具组合新方式,顺利实施了C6H井。     

核磁共振技术在非常规油气藏的应用基础

核磁共振技术在非常规油气藏应用解释中有较多争议.结合渗流流体的概念,提出了针对核磁共振图谱解释流体动用性质的新方法,并应用于非常规油气藏.研究表明:致密油和致密砂岩气藏岩心的核磁共振图谱左峰和右峰是连续而不是截然分开的,说明难动用流体与易动用流体的性质是连续渐变的,不是独立分开的;而页岩和煤层气藏岩心核磁共振图谱则反之.在非常规油气藏岩心中,难动用流体占主导地位,致密油和致密砂岩气藏岩心的易动用流体多于页岩和煤层气藏岩心.致密油和致密砂岩气藏的采出程度提高取决于易动用流体的采出;而页岩和煤层气藏的采出程度提高则取决于难动用流体的采出.      

单要素多周期推理模式法在径流预测中的应用

本文在单要素单周期推理模式法的基础上,提出一种考虑系列多周期性、趋势性和相似性的单要素多周期推理预测方法.使用该方法对磨盘山水库年径漉量进行预报,结果表明该方法预测精度较好,对只有径流资料的中小流域中长期径流预报具有应用价值.     

扩域搜索遗传算法优化马斯京根参数及其应用

马斯京根法作为河道洪水预报的重要方法,参数和系数的率定是关键和难点,直接影响其预报精度。在详细阐述扩域搜索遗传算法基本思想和性能分析的基础上,以模拟结果与实测值的误差最小作为进化目标,直接搜索马斯京根法预报方程系数,获得河道上下游流量关系方程。对黄河下游夹河滩至高村的洪水过程进行研究,传统方法的平均绝对误差为240 m³/s,平均相对误差为0.13;遗传算法的平均绝对误差为95 m³/s,平均相对误差为0.05。结果表明：遗传算法精度明显高于传统方法。在实际应用中,对于河道洪水波的传播规律性变化较大的河道,应根据不同量级洪水来模拟洪水的传播规律,并对相应量级的洪水进行预报。     

地球化学在油藏评价和油田开发管理中的应用前景

近年来,油藏地球化学研究受到人们的广泛重视,地球化学已被成功地应用于解决有关油藏的问题,本文介绍了油藏评价和油田开发管理中地球化学研究的理论基础,分析方法和应用前景,以及国内外在这一领域的研究进展。     

碳酸盐岩油气田古岩溶研究及其在油气勘探开发中的应用

古岩溶为地质历史时期而非现代营力环境下形成的岩溶,深岩溶为不受地表侵蚀基准面控制环境条件下的深埋藏岩溶作用。碳酸盐岩储层储集空间主要有溶蚀孔洞、溶缝等,非均质性明显,空间分布规律复杂,经历了漫长的岩溶作用过程,油气储集规律复杂。油气田碳酸盐岩的内在因素(结构成因类型、物理力学性质等)以及各地质历史时期所处的地质环境构成古岩溶的形成条件与影响控制因素。本文将古岩溶的形成机制及其与油气聚集关系作为研究重点与突破口,系统研究了古岩溶和深岩溶的形成条件、影响控制因素与发育特征,最终实现了预测油气聚集有利发育区目标。     

地基处理优化技术的发展与应用

回顾了地基处理技术的应用发展史,将其大致分成压密固结法、换填垫层法、注浆加固法、复合地基法4大类,综述了各类地基处理优化技术的加固机理、施工工艺、加固优势等。重点介绍了这些地基处理技术的工程应用及其今后研究方向;阐明了我国地基处理优化技术的发展趋势。     

Correction to: Development and Evaluation of Geostatistical Methods for Non-Euclidean-Based Spatial Covariance Matrices

Mathematical Geosciences - The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in equation&nbsp;9.     

Progress in China's Unconventional Oil & Gas Exploration and Development and Theoretical Technologies

The new century has witnessed a strategic breakthrough in unconventional oil gas.Hydrocarbon accumulated in micro-/nano-scale pore throat shale systems has become an important domain that could replace current oil gas resources.Unconventional oil gas plays an increasingly important role in our energy demand.Tight gas,CBM,heavy oil and asphaltic sand have served as a key domain of exploration development,with tight oil becoming a 'bright spot' domain and shale gas becoming a 'hotspot' domain.China has made great breakthroughs in unconventional oil gas resources,such as tight gas,shale gas,tight oil and CBM,and great progress in oil shale,gas hydrate,heavy oil and oil sand.China has an estimated(223-263)×10~8t of unconventional oil resources and(890-1260)×l0~(12)m~3 of gas resources.China has made a breakthrough for progress in unconventional oil gas study.New progress achieved in fine-grained sedimentary studies related to continental open lacustrine basin large-scale shallow-water delta sand bodies,lacustrine basin central sandy clastic flow sediments and marine-continental fine-grained sediments provide a theoretical basis for the formation and distribution of basin central reservoir bodies.Great breakthroughs have been made in unconventional reservoir geology in respect of research methodology technology,multi-scale data merging and physical simulation of formation conditions.Overall characterization of unconventional reservoirs via multi-method and multi-scale becomes increasingly popular and facilitates the rapid development of unconventional oil gas geological theory,method and technology.The formation of innovative,continuous hydrocarbon accumulation theory,the establishment of the framework of the unconventional oil gas geological theory system,and the determination of the implications,geological feature,formation mechanism,distribution rule and core technology of unconventional oil gas geological study lays a theoretical foundation for extensive unconventional oil gas exploration and development.Theories and technologies of unconventional oil gas exploration and development developed rapidly,including some key evaluation techniques such as 'sweet spot zone' integrated evaluation and a six-property evaluation technique that uses hydrocarbon source,lithology,physical property,brittleness,hydrocarbon potential and stress anisotropy,and some key development engineering technologies including micro-seismic monitoring,horizontal drilling completion and "factory-like" operation pattern, "man-made reservoir" development,which have facilitated the innovative development of unconventional oil gas.These breakthroughs define a new understanding in four aspects:①theoretical innovation;② key technologies;③ complete market mechanism and national policy support;and ④ well-developed ground infrastructure,which are significant for prolonging the life cycle of petroleum industry,accelerating the upgrade and development of theories and technologies and altering the global traditional energy structure.     

中国非常规油气勘探开发与理论技术进展

新世纪非常规油气获战略突破,微纳米孔喉页岩系统油气成为油气资源接替的重要新领域,非常规油气资源在能源格局中的地位愈发重要。致密气、煤层气、重油、沥青砂等已成为勘探开发的重点领域,致密油成为亮点领域,页岩气成为热点领域。中国在致密气、页岩气、致密油、煤层气等非常规油气资源勘探开发获重要突破,油页岩、天然气水合物、重油、油砂矿等获重要进展,初步评价中国非常规石油资源量(223~263)×10~8t,天然气资源量(890~1260)×10~(12)m~3。中国非常规油气研究取得重大进展,细粒沉积学在陆相敞流湖盆大型浅水三角洲砂体、湖盆中心砂质碎屑流沉积、海陆相细粒沉积等研究新进展,提供了盆地中心储集体形成和分布的理论依据;非常规储层地质学在研究方法技术、多尺度数据融合、地层条件物理模拟等方面取得重大进展,多方法多尺度整体表征非常规储层已成为研究热点,推动了非常规油气地质学地质理论和方法技术快速发展;创新发展了连续型油气聚集理论,构建了非常规油气地质学理论体系框架,明确了非常规油气地质研究的内涵、地质特征、形成机理、分布规律和核心技术,为大面积非常规油气规模勘探开发奠定了理论基础;非常规油气勘探开发技术方法快速发展,涌现了烃源性、岩性、物性、脆性、含油气性与应力各向异性评价等"六特性"、"甜点区"地质一工程综合评价等核心评价方法,微地震监测、水平井钻完井、"工厂化"生产、"人工油气藏"等开发工程核心理念和技术,推动非常规油气"革命性发展"。非常规油气的突破,带来了坚持理论创新、坚持核心技术进步等4点重要启示,对延长石油工业生命周期、推动理论技术升级换代、改变能源格局具有深远意义。     

Correction to: Development of efficient and robust Eikonal solver variants for first-arrival seismic modeling

Computational Geosciences - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10596-020-10022-1     

Development Plan of East Unity Oil Field, Sudan, Using Reservoir Simulation Study

Simulation study was applied in the development planning of East Unity oil field, Sudan. A grid consisting of 2 000 cells was constructed. A major challenge of the study was to evolve a full field development and future reservoir management strategy that would ensure maximum recovery of oil based on well Un51. Simulation shows that Un51 as injection well in AradiebaC would yield better oil recovery than to be production well.     

利用数据场模型评价北京地面沉降交通载荷程度

地面沉降是指地面标高降低的一种缓变地质灾害现象,严重时对城市建设和人民生活会构成威胁。为评价地面沉降交通载荷程度,利用永久散射体干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术提取北京东部地区沉降信息,利用数据场模型,以地铁站信息和道路节点信息为指标,采用因子贡献权重方法,获取北京地面沉降交通载荷程度分区图。研究结果表明:PS-InSAR方法可以获取区域地面沉降的空间分布趋势,研究区内最大沉降速率达到77.69 mm/a;地面沉降交通高载荷主要分布在北京市朝阳区北部与中部区域,而交通低载荷区域主要位于远离城市重要交通道路和地铁线路不发达乡镇。     

单纯形调优技术在XRFA法中的应用

XRFA法在元素定性、定量分析中,当谱带严重重叠或干扰元素含量远大于待测元素含量时,可采取多种方法消除干扰。本文采用单纯形调优法分离技术测量未知元素的含量,结果较为满意。     

用几何规划解决弹簧的优化设计

介绍了几何规划的基本理论和在工程机械设计中的应用方法，将几何规划用于ＸＲＣ－１型斜井人车的弹簧优化设计，与传统设计方法相比显著地提高了经济效益。     

Fuzzy Clustering with Spatial Correction and Its Application to Geometallurgical Domaining

This paper describes a proposed method for clustering attributes on the basis of their spatial variability and the uncertainty of cluster membership. The method is applied to geometallurgical domaining in mining applications. The main objective of geometallurgical clustering is to ensure consistent feed to a processing plant by minimising transitions between different types of feed coming from different domains (clusters). For this purpose, clusters should contain not only similar geometallurgical characteristics but also be located in as few contiguous and compact spatial locations as possible so as to maximise the homogeneity of ore delivered to the plant. Most existing clustering methods applied to geometallurgy have two problems. Firstly, they are unable to differentiate subsets of attributes at the cluster level and therefore cluster membership can only be assigned on the basis of exactly identical attributes, which may not be the case in practice. Secondly, as they do not take account of the spatial relationships they can produce clusters which may be spatially dispersed and/or overlapped. In the work described in this paper a new clustering method is introduced that integrates three distinct steps to ensure quality clustering. In the first step, fuzzy membership information is used to minimise compactness and maximise separation. In the second step, the best subsets of attributes are defined and applied for domaining purposes. These two steps are iterated to convergence. In the final step a graph-based labelling method, which takes spatial constraints into account, is used to produce the final clusters. Three examples are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method. These examples demonstrate that the proposed method can reveal useful relationships among geometallurgical attributes within a clear and compact spatial structure. The resulting clusters can be used directly in mine planning to optimise the ore feed to be delivered to the processing plant.     

Prediction of Apparent Equivalent Thickness Using the Spontaneous Potential Method and Its Application to Oilfield Development

The upper spontaneous potential produced by oil and gas accumulation is of a stable potential field, and its intensity is directly proportional to the content of the source and inversely proportional to the radius apart from the source. Theoretical research and practical results show that anomalies of spontaneous potential can indicate oil-bearing sandstone bodies and locate the areas of oil and gas accumulation. In oil areas which have fewer reservoir beds, the petroleum reservoir thickness can be predicted by determining the linear relationship between potential intensity and apparent equivalent thickness. In the Weixing （卫星） oilfield, which is devoid of sufficient reservoir beds, its apparent equivalent thickness can be predicted by the linear equation h= -0.19x＋0.74. On the basis of geological research, we use the spontaneous potential method to predict the equivalent thickness, helping in the selection of the most appropriate drill sites to enhance the probability of successful well boring so as to serve the next round development of the oilfield.