基于RPC像方改正模型的国产卫星几何纠正算法研究

针对我国发布的资源三号卫星数据,本文提出了一种基于RPC像方改正模型的卫星几何纠正方法。主要是在传统的RPC模型基础上加入了基于像方空间的仿射变化模型,并利用地面控制点进行联合平差求解变化参数,修正RPC参数提高定位精度。利用上海地区的资三卫星影像进行纠正实验,验证了该模型的可行性,改化后模型的纠正精度相比传统的RPC纠正得到大幅提高,能满足1:10 000正射影像精度要求。     

基于ArcGIS的资源三号测绘卫星影像底图快速处理方案设计

面对迅速增长的资源三号测绘卫星的遥感影像,如何将其快速处理为影像底图,是实现资源三号测绘卫星影像快速信息服务的关键技术之一。本文针对使用传统影像处理方式进行资源三号测绘卫星底图生产时所面临的不足,采用ESRI公司最新的影像技术（包括区域网平差、镶嵌数据集、实时处理和影像服务等特性）,设计了一种基于ArcGIS的资源三号测绘卫星影像底图快速处理方案。通过实验数据的分析,本文提出的方案解决了传统影像处理中存在的问题,其处理时间只需传统方式的1/7,存储空间占用是传统方式的1/26,适用于大规模资源三号测绘卫星影像的底图生产,为资源三号测绘卫星数据快速处理、共享服务和应用提供支撑。     

四元数卫星姿态产品对BDS PPP的影响

对比不同分析中心发布的BDS姿态模型的差异发现,卫星机动时期不同分析中心发布的卫星偏航角差异可达近180°。进一步对比四元数姿态、模型姿态、名义姿态3种姿态策略对精密单点定位(PPP)中相位缠绕改正及最终定位结果的影响,结果表明,不同的姿态处理模型会带来近1周的相位缠绕改正差异,使用四元数姿态的仿动态PPP定位结果较名义姿态E、N、U方向的RMS分别减小17%、25%、34%,较模型姿态E、N、U方向的RMS分别减小11%、7%、7%。保持分析中心产品的一致性可以提高PPP精度。     

BDS-3 MEO卫星偏航姿态对PPP的影响

系统比较深地影期间BDS-3 SECM和CAST MEO卫星采用公开的偏航姿态模型计算的模型姿态与名义姿态的差异,首次评估其对天线相位缠绕和相位中心等几何误差的改正及PPP结果的影响。结果表明,对于机动期间的BDS-3 MEO卫星,采用名义姿态会导致CAST 和SECM 卫星的天线相位中心改正误差分别达0.2 m和0.02 m, 相位缠绕改正误差达0.1～0.2周。由于卫星机动时间较短以及观测几何构型较强,与模型姿态相比,名义姿态的使用并不会引起PPP结果显著下降。     

基于遥感影像的卫星颤振探测分析的关键技术与实现

姿态颤振是高分辨率卫星普遍存在的复杂现象,随着卫星的复杂性和敏捷性的提高,故其对成像质量的影响机制和相应的探测与补偿方法,成为高分辨率卫星对地观测研究的关键问题。本文介绍了基于遥感影像的卫星颤振探测原理和关键技术,利用传感器的构造特点,通过不同波段的多光谱影像,以及不同视角的全色立体影像间的密集匹配精确量测和获取影像视差差异值,反演卫星姿态颤振的规律和特性,从而对规律性的颤振现象进行建模和补偿。鉴于上述理论,在Visual C++的平台下,研制了卫星颤振探测分析系统,设计了以计算机性能优化的图像分块并行算法。测试结果表明,该软件能有效探测出0.1像元偏移的卫星姿态颤振,并可对规律性颤振进行建模和补偿,有较好的稳定性和并行效率。其已成功应用于资源三号卫星地面应用系统,并可扩展于其他卫星系统的颤振探测分析。     

DCB对精密单点定位精度影响研究

分析精密单点定位观测模型中的卫星钟差改正项(包含硬件延迟偏差改正),给出采用IGS精密卫星钟差产品进行卫星钟差改正时的硬件延迟偏差改正方法.并通过实测数据定量分析硬件延迟偏差改正在静态及动态两种定位方式中的影响.实验结果表明:精密单点定位中,硬件延迟偏差改正对静态定位的影响很小,可以忽略;对动态定位的影响可达到cm级,应该加以考虑.     

基于DEM的SAR影像几何定位参数校正方法

针对大范围无地面控制的SAR影像几何纠正,利用在一定时间和空间范围内SAR系统几何定位参数误差具有一定稳定性的特点,提出基于DEM的几何定位参数校正方法。该方法首先基于DEM进行影像模拟生成模拟SAR影像;然后在模拟SAR影像上提取特征点,针对特征点将模拟SAR影像和原始SAR影像进行匹配,得到特征点在原始SAR影像上的同名特征点,再结合DEM进行模拟影像间接定位获取特征点的地理坐标,以此作为几何定位参数校正的参考点;进而根据严密SAR几何构像模型构建几何定位参数校正模型,解算几何定位参数校正值;最后,利用几何参数校正值改正区域内其他SAR影像几何定位参数,提高区域内SAR影像几何定位精度。以高分三号影像进行试验,使用本文方法获取一景影像的几何定位参数校正值,对同一轨道内的和不同轨道的其他SAR影像进行参数校正,并对参数校正前后的几何定位精度进行评价。结果显示,同一轨道内的影像定位精度由66.0 m提高到9.7 m,不同轨道的影像定位精度由65.0 m提高到13.5 m,表明本文方法能够显著提高SAR影像几何定位精度。     

GNSS单站授时系统性偏差分析

从单站授时基本观测方程出发,对引起系统性偏差的原因进行研究,结合具体实验分析卫星钟差和接收机硬件延迟对授时结果的影响。实验结果表明,卫星钟差引起的系统性偏差随时间变化,对所有测站影响相同;接收机硬件延迟会对授时结果造成系统性偏差影响,不同测站的系统性偏差不同,其大小取决于各自接收机硬件延迟的偏差,在进行授时及时间同步时应当加以改正;接收机硬件延迟不影响授时结果频率的稳定度,在进行频率传递时无需改正。     

定点水准折光差问题

根据一九八七年的实验结果,对定点水准折光差的影响,进行了再研究,认为可选择最佳的观测时间以减弱折光差的影响。筛选了两种计算折光差的公式进行折光差改正,结果表明都是适用的。     

CNS/SINS组合导航系统的UKF算法研究

天文/捷联惯性（CNS/SINS）组合导航系统采用姿态组合,可使姿态角处于收敛状态,并有效抑制位置及速度的发散。为提高组合导航系统的精度,本文设计了CNS/SINS组合导航系统的UKF算法,在建立CNS/SINS组合导航系统非线性状态方程及线性量测方程的基础上,首先对UKF的量测更新过程进行简化,降低其计算量;然后,基于平台误差角提出系统状态协方差矩阵中姿态角协方差矩阵的计算方法,并推导了UKF算法中姿态量测值一步预测误差对应的平台角误差向量表达式,进而建立CNS/SINS组合导航系统的UKF算法;最后进行仿真实验。结果表明,相对于线性卡尔曼滤波算法及EKF算法,本文算法可明显提高组合导航系统的各导航参数精度,并且本文算法对滤波器初始姿态角误差变化具有较高的鲁棒性。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。