关于铁路勘察设计企业发展战略问题的思考

发展战略的科学性和可行性在企业的可持续发展中起着重要作用。本文在分析铁路勘察设计企业内外部环境和自身优劣势的基础上，结合对未来市场的判断，为铁路勘察设计企业的发展战略提出了一些有针对性的建议。     

用“三个代表”思想认识和指导勘察设计企业改革和发展的实践

当前,国有企业的改革与发展正处于关键时期,国有大型勘察设计单位的改革和发展是国有企业改革和发展的重要方面,也正处于关键时期。面对改革和发展的机遇和挑战,作为国有大型勘察设计院的领导,我们应当从理论和战略的高度,用“三个代表”思想认识和指导国有大型勘察设计企业改革和发展实践,正确解决企业改革与发展过程中的实际问题。     

提升铁路勘察设计企业绩效管理能力的思考

多数铁路勘察设计企业绩效管理存在着观念落后、配套措施不到位、未充分发挥促进员工发展的作用等问题。为进一步提升铁路勘察设计企业绩效管理能力，本文提出了树立以企业战略为导向的绩效管理观念、坚持“以人为本”的绩效管理理念、建立科学的绩效管理体系、差异化设定考核指标、兼顾财务指标和非财务指标等对策建议。     

善于把握合作机遇努力实现铁路设计企业管理与技术的新跨越

科学发展观是具有80多年光荣历史的中国共产党人结合中国社会主义建设的实际和世界发展变化的趋势，对马克思主义历史唯物主义的最新理论贡献，是当代中国的唯物史观。当前，我们所推动的铁路跨越式发展就是利用发达国家的成熟经验和技术资源，不走他国已经走过的路，在较短时间内，用较少的代价赶上或者超过发达国家，迅速提升中国铁路装备、运营和管理水平的一种战略方针。对设计咨询企业特别是国内铁路勘察设计企业而言，也正是因为铁路跨越式发展战略的实施，为我们提供了一个难得的机会。     

中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 探索BIM正向设计应用 助推企业数字化转型

<正>中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司（以下简称“铁四院”）成立于1953年，是新中国成立后第一批组建的国家级设计院，在近70年发展历程中，先后承担了全国铁路建设三分之一的设计任务，是我国铁路勘察设计的领军企业。近年来，随着我国城市轨道交通进入快速发展期，建筑信息模型（BIM）也被逐渐应用于地铁工程设计中。铁四院作为行业龙头企业之一，在BIM开发与应用方面始终走在行业前列，并总结出一套协同设计方法，打通了建模软件、分析计算软件与集成软件的数据接口，使正向设计实现了可能。     

神笔画彩虹——记铁四院副总工程师、茅以升铁道工程师奖获得罗世东

在工程勘察设计行业,尤其在铁路勘设领域,中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司可谓"名头"响亮,但铁四院也曾有过自己的"短板".     

基于战略分析的铁路设计院总承包项目管理体系构建

本文以铁路综合甲级设计院为研究对象,分析工程总承包业务的战略选择、顶层设计、组织设计等总承包项目管理体系的构建问题,从战略转型实施现状出发,分析业务特点及管理特征,并与国际知名的工程公司进行对标检查,论述建立总承包项目管理体系的必要性,探索铁路设计院集团公司总承包业务"揽得来、策划好、干成功"的发展路径,为设计院转型发展提供参考。     

百舸争流 在竞争中同提高谋创新 百家争鸣 在交流中共学习谋发展——记《中国勘察设计》杂志社与重庆勘察设计企业的交流座谈会

借着2010年全国工程勘察设计行业发展研讨交流汇报会的东风,我们杂志社有幸与重庆市勘察设计行业的相关企业进行了深刻地交流与探讨。这次座谈主要讨论设计院改制后,大家在管理方面的突破以及技术方面的创新,同时大家也谈到了“走出去”战略、人才培养等关键问题。     

技术管理双驱动 创建卓越功勋——访中铁上海设计院集团有限公司院长兼总工程师薛新功

正企业的成长离不开宏观环境及国家政策的影响,离不开企业准确定位、科学布局的战略指引,离不开勇于创新、团结协作的企业文化,更离不开企业带头人的责任担当与远见卓识。中铁上海设计院集团有限公司(以下简称"中铁上海院")在改制后的10年间,从小到大、从弱到强,逐步发展为致力于为铁路、轨道交通、市政房建工程等提供勘察、设计、咨询、监理、总承包、运营维护等全过程技术支持与服务的国家大型综合甲级勘察设     

格尔木至库尔勒铁路项目已正式进入勘察设计阶段

目前,格尔木至库尔勒铁路项目已正式进入勘察设计阶段,该项目计划明年下半年开工建设。 据了解,近期以来,新疆铁道勘察设计院等单位已在若羌县境内开展格库铁路外业测量工作,格库铁路干线项目已正式进入勘察设计阶段,前期工作正在全面实施中。根据国家铁道部近日审查通过的预可行性研究,格库铁路项目计划建设总工期为4年半,2011年下半年开工建设,2016年上半年投入运营。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.