蒙脱石中Cu2+的吸附态研究

对在ＰＨ≤４．５、痕量浓度条件下吸附了Ｃu＾２＋的蒙脱石的Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）进 行了研究。该蒙脱石的ｄ（００１）由原始蒙脱石的１．４７９ｎｍ变为１．５２３ｎｍ,说明水合铜离子置换了蒙脱石的层间阳离子;在该蒙脱石的ＥＰＲ谱中记录到了ｇ＝２．０７、ｇ ＝２．１４精细结构线和ｇ为约２．７～２．２超精细结构线三组有关Ｃu＾２＋ 的信号,说明其中的Ｃu＾２＋有三种不同的结构状态。同时,该蒙脱石热处理产物的ＥＰ     

明渠均匀流水深-流量计算软件开发及实现

明渠均匀流的计算是水力学和水利工程渠系设计的主要内容之一。以软件开发手段解决传统解析解问题成为必然趋势。本文以平底梯形为例，基于Windows98操作系统，以Visual C^＋＋6．0为开发平台，利用C^＋＋面向过程的编程，开发了“明渠均匀流水深，流量计算”软件。经测试，该软件满足计算要求。     

钴,锶在包气带土壤中迁移特征的试验研究

在中国辐射防护研究院试验场Ｃｏ＾２＋（ＣｏＣｌ２．６Ｈ２Ｏ），Ｓｒ＾２＋「Ｓｒ（ＮＯ３）２作喷淋液进行了１４４０ｈ的淋滤试验，得到了Ｃｏ＾２＋，Ｓｒ＾２＋在气带土壤中迁移的平均阻滞系数；     

基于VC的MAPGIS二次开发——以烟台市环境地质信息管理系统为例

通过烟台市环境地质信息管理系统的设计,探讨如何将MAPGIS67SDK与Microsoft Visual C＋＋6.0编程语言相结合,进行地理信息系统二次开发。     

投资项目经济评价原理与开发实例

随着社会的发展，项目经济评价越来越重要。说明了项目开展经济评价的必要性，简要论述了财务评价、风险性及敏感性分析的原理。详细阐述了项目经济评价的具体应用，利用Visual C＋＋语言，开发了小型的管材经济评价系统。本系统具有综合评价、敏感性分析及计算机自动绘图等功能，并以实例验证了该系统是实用、有效的。     

用VC开发Windows字符曲线类

作者用ＶｉｓｕａｌＣ＾＋＋６．０与ＭＦＣ开发了一个Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ图形应用类。该类可实现沿曲线方向书写用户指定的字符串,增强了ＣＤＣ类的绘制功能,为今后用ＶＣ开发专用图形软件提供了有利帮助。     

物化探软件跨平台移植技术的探讨

这里选取Qt作为重磁数据处理软件的移植工具,对可移植性的定义和原理进行了概述,分析了VC＋＋和Qt开发工具的部分特点,并举例说明二者在程序编写方面存在的差异。并以重磁数据软件为例,实现目标应用程序的跨平台移植,取得了较好的移植效果,为软件的移植研究与开发提供了技术参考。     

C^＋＋重载技术在物化探计算中的应用

本文以正交多项趋势分析算法为例，描述了在ＤＯＳ操作系统下，当数组占有字节数大于６４Ｋ时，利用Ｃ＋＋重载技术进行地球物化探计算的方法     

伽玛测井分层解释法的程序实现与应用

在VC＋＋平台下,通过对自然伽玛测井数据和分层解释法中反褶积计算方法的分析,编程实现了自然伽玛测井数据曲线的自动绘制。并且,通过图形化操作可以对地质特征参数实现自动计算,进一步对自然伽玛测井数据进行反褶积法计算,最终获得单元层的铀含量,实现自然伽玛测井分层解释。通过应用程序对测井模型数据的处理表明,采用图形化求取特征参数,可以极大地降低特征参数获取的难度。程序计算的单元层含量与实际含量进行对比,结果表明,只要采用合适的计算长度,其计算误差就可控制在2%以内,并且可以很好地区分测井模型中10 cm的夹层,同时说明通过该方法获得的特征参数是合适的。     

基于面向对象技术的大地电磁可视化采集软件

根据所研制的天然场源大地电磁仪的特点与其数据采集要求,基于面向对象技术,采用C＋＋语言开发了可视化PC端大地电磁数据采集软件。在采集过程中用户可以通过便捷的操作界面,控制数据采集过程,实时观察所采集到的电磁信号,对信号质量作出判断,并采取措施提高信号质量。     

Garnet zoning and orthopyroxene + plagioclase coronitisation

A very uncommon garnet-zoning—Ca poor centre and Ca rich margin—has been observed, in a granulite facies rock. Calculation of equilibrium at each stage of the garnet growth led to apply in this particular case, as well as for the most garnet-zoning instances, the Rayleigh fractionation model, the fractionation factor Ca being less than 1 at the beginning of the crystallization. Subsequent coronitisation, at lower P and/or higher T, involved the development of orthopyroxene and plagioclase in equilibrium with a thin (15 thick) Ca-Mg poor and Fe rich outer cuticle of the garnet: thus the garnet lattice appears to be not so refractory as previously admitted, and in most coronitisation processes involving garnet such an outer cuticle must be considered as a component of the new mineral assemblage.     

The reaction chlorite+dolomite=spinel+forsterite+calcite+carbon dioxide+water

The reaction chlorite+dolomite=spinel+ forsterite+calcite+CO₂+H₂O has been studied with hydrothermal equipment technique in a C-O-H fluid at P _fluid=1,000, 2,000 and 3,000 bars and fo₂ controlled by NB or QFM buffer. The equilibrium conditions for the reaction has been determined as log K=–57,119/T+95.77+0.9860(P-1)/T(bar,°K). The mineral mixtures had an excess of dolomite. The composition of the chlorite among the reaction products has been analysed and found to have a higher Al/Si ratio than clinochlore.     

Empirical calibration of six geobarometers for the mineral assemblage quartz+muscovite+biotite+plagioclase+garnet

Six equilibria among quartz, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite, and garnet were empirically calibrated using mineral composition data from 43 samples having the assemblage quartz+muscovite+biotite+garnet+plagioclase+Al₂SiO₅ (sillimanite or kyanite). Pressures and temperatures in the data set used for calibration were determined through the simultaneous application of garnet-biotite geothermometry and garnet-quartz-plagioclase-Al₂SiO₅ geobarometry. Thermodynamic expressions for four of the six equilibria incorporate interaction parameters that model non-ideality in the mixing of cations in the octahedral sites of both muscovite and biotite. With pressure chosen as the dependent variable, multiple regression was used to solve for unknowns in the equilibrium thermodynamic expressions. The regressions yielded multiple correlation coefficients ranging from 0.983 to 0.999, with corresponding standard deviations of 338 and 92 bars in the residuals. The standard deviations in the residuals may be explained largely or entirely by the propagation of errors associated with electron microprobe analysis. These equilibria enable the determination of pressures from equilibrium assemblages of quartz+garnet+plagioclase+muscovite+biotite, and give results closely comparable to the experimentally calibrated garnet-quartz-plagioclase-Al₂SiO₅ geobarometer. Geobarometric applications should be restricted to rocks in which equilibrium constants and compositional variables fall within the same ranges as those used for calibration.     

"五层楼+地下室"找矿模型的适用性及其对深部找矿的意义

在我国地质工作者通过长期实践总结出来的"五层楼"找矿模式的基础上,根据近年来深部找矿的新进展,重点探讨了"五层楼+地下室"找矿模型的适用性."五层楼+地下室"作为找矿模型不但适合于赣南-粤北地区,也适用于赣中的徐山矿区,在南岭外围的其他矿区如广西的大明山地区和云南的老君山地区也有适用性;除了石英脉型钨矿之外,"五层楼+地下室"模型也适用于钨矿之外的其他矿种,如广西大厂的锡多金属矿区;对于其他类型的矿种和矿床类型,如火山岩型块状硫化物矿床,在某种程度上也不妨理解为倒转的"五层楼+地下室".当然,"五层楼+地下室"找矿模型的运用也是有条件的,需要结合具体矿区的具体成矿地质条件来综合把握,灵活运用.     

Fe2+-Fe3+ interactions in tourmaline

The color and spectroscopic properties of ironbearing tourmalines (elbaite, dravite, uvite, schorl) do not vary smoothly with iron concentration. Such behavior has often been ascribed to intervalence charge transfer between Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ which produces a new, intense absorption band in the visible portion of the spectrum. In the case of tourmaline, an entirely different manifestation of the interaction between Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ occurs in which the Fe²⁺ bands are intensified without an intense, new absorption band. At low iron concentrations, the intensity of light absorption from Fe²⁺ is about the same for E∥c and E⊥c polarizations, but at high iron concentrations, the intensity of the E⊥c polarization increases more than ten times as much as E∥c. This difference is related to intensification of Fe²⁺ absorption by adjacent Fe³⁺. Extrapolations indicate that pairs of Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ have Fe²⁺ absorption intensity ～200 times as great as isolated Fe²⁺. Enhanced Fe²⁺ absorption bands are recognized in tourmaline by their intensity increase at 78 K of up to 50%. Enhancement of Fe²⁺ absorption intensity provides a severe limitration on the accuracy of determinations of Fe²⁺ concentration and site occupancy by optical spectroscopic methods. Details of the assignment of tourmaline spectra in the optical region are reconsidered.     

The genesis of sediment-hosted,exhalative zinc + lead deposits

Large sediment-hosted lead+zinc deposits like Mount Isa, McArthur River, Navan, Rammelsberg and Sullivan form a distinctive group characterised by stratiform, syngenetic sulphide ores that formed in local basins on the sea floor as a result of protracted hydrothermal activity accompanying continental rifting. Generally there is a development of a sedimentary pre-ore phase mineralization often featuring manganese followed by zinc±lead, iron and chert. Lower main phase zinc+lead lenses are usually almost devoid of copper but Cu tenors increase toward the middle or top of the ore sequences. Hanging wall trace element haloes are common. These characteristics are accounted for by deriving the ore solutions from subsurface convective circulation of modified highly saline seawater. The circulation is initiated during rifting and driven by a high geothermal gradient. As a result of continued extensional strain and cooling of the rock column the brittle-to-ductile transition zone is depressed and the circulation penetrates to greater depth with time. Of the ore metals the downward-penetrating convection fluids first leach and transport zinc and lead, but with increasing temperature are later able to leach and transport some copper. Unless convective circulation ceases the metal sequence generally reverses as the cooling phase sets in. The minimum distance separating major coeval orebodies of this type is 18 km which is a function of the size of the convective systems.     

膨润土作为药用赋形剂对Pb~(+2),Cd~(+2),Cr~(+6)离子的吸附研究

本文选用吉林省九台、小梨河、净月产地的膨润土为原料,测试了不同粒级的膨润土对Pb 2、Cd 2、Cr 6离子的吸附时间、吸附温度、吸附量,同时,又在模拟人胃条件下进行了试验,结果证实膨润土可以作为药用赋形剂。     

The blazar 0059+581: Successful prognosis of activity

Our earlier joint analysis of light curves for the blazar 0059+581 at 4.8, 8, 14.5, 22, and 37 GHz with high-resolution VLBI images led us to suggest that the activity in this source develops in cycles, or periods, with a duration of about four years, with a “typical scenario” for the development of the source’s activity taking place over a cycle. Based on this analysis, we predicted in 2002 that a new superluminal component would be ejected from the core of this source in a structural position angle ～170° no later than by the end of 2003. A 43-GHz VLBI image obtained on September 14, 2003, as part of a program to monitor the structure of reference sources used for a radio astronomical coordinate system, convincingly confirms the correctness of this prediction. This is the first time in the history of radio astronomy that a new superluminal component has been detected at a predicted time and in a predicted structural position angle.     

Petrogenetic significance of orthopyroxene-free garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase ± quartz-bearing metabasites with respect to the amphibolite and granulite facies

Orthopyroxene‐free garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase ± quartz‐bearing mineral assemblages represent the paragenetic link between plagioclase‐free eclogite facies metabasites and orthopyroxene‐bearing granulite facies metabasites. Although these assemblages are most commonly developed under P–T conditions consistent with high pressure granulite facies, they sometimes occur at lower grade in the amphibolite facies. Thus, these assemblages are characteristic but not definitive of high pressure granulite facies. Compositional factors favouring their development at amphibolite grade include Fe‐rich mineral compositions, Ca‐rich garnet and plagioclase, and Ti‐poor hornblende. The generalized reaction that accounts for the prograde development of garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase ± quartz from a hornblende + plagioclase + quartz‐bearing (amphibolite) precursor is Hbl + Pl + Qtz=Grt + Cpx + liquid or vapour, depending on whether the reaction occurs above or below the solidus. There are significant discrepancies between experimental and natural constraints on the P–T conditions of orthopyroxene‐free garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase ± quartz‐bearing mineral assemblages and therefore on the P–T position of this reaction. Semi‐quantitative thermodynamic modelling of this reaction is hampered by the lack of a melt model and gives results that are only moderately successful in rationalizing the natural and experimental data.     

Semiconducting Mineral Photocatalytic Regeneration of Fe2+ Promotes Carbon Dioxide Acquisition by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Chemoautotrophic organisms have once been excluded from the development of universally applicable CO2 fixation technology due to its low production yields of biomass. In this study, we used Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A.f.) as a model chemoautotrophic microorganism to test the hypothesis that exogenetic photoelectrons from semiconducting mineral photocatalysis can enable the regeneration of Fe2+ that could be then used by A.f. and support its growth. In a simulated electrochemical system, where exogenetic electrons were provided by an electrochemical approach, an accelerated growth rate of A.f. was observed as compared with that in traditional batch cultivation. In a coupled system, where light-irradiated natural rutile provided the primary electron source to feed A.f., the bacterial growth rate as well as the subsequent CO2 fixation rate was demonstrated to be in a light-dependent manner. The sustaining flow of photogenerated electrons from semiconducting mineral to bacteria provided an inexhaustible electron source for chemoautotrophic bacteria growth and CO2 fixation. This finding might contribute to the development of novel effective CO2 fixation technology.