基于金矿规格单元数据的机器学习方法在成矿建模分析中的应用

现代金矿勘察主要是通过综合地球化学和地质测量等数字化方法对深部矿床进行研究,所需要的人力物力成本较高。而通过分析积累的金矿规格单元数据,可以建立金矿成矿情况与相关成矿元素含量之间的非线性关系,从已有的勘查数据中寻找金矿成矿的一般规律。本文基于与金矿相关的成矿元素含量数据,分别采用逻辑斯蒂回归、随机森林和决策树方法对原始数据和重采样数据进行训练,综合运用召回率、精确率和准确率对模型进行评价。通过对比发现,在训练和测试原始数据过程中,由于每组之间数据量的巨大差距,导致成矿数据被淹没;而在训练重采样数据过程中,随机森林在召回率和准确率方面均有较好的表现,分别达到了90.63%和70.78%;并最终分析了随机森林模型中不同分类边界对于金矿成矿情况预测结果的影响。利用不同的测量指标对模型进行评价分析,使模型更适用于金矿成矿预测,可有效地提高金矿勘察的效率。     

小规格样品对砂金矿评价的若干影响

砂金矿勘探的关键的问题,是采样的质量和样品的代表性,尤其是小规格样品的采样质量和其代表性,对评价砂金矿有不可忽视的影响。本文仅就其中某些问题谈一点初浅看法。限于水平,谬误难免,敬请同行指正。     

土壤地球化学测量在镇沅县学堂金矿勘查中的应用

针对镇沅县学堂金矿地质特征及成矿地质条件,开展1∶2. 5万土壤地球化学测量,野外采样按正方形网格法布设,在矿区12. 23km2的范围内,将每个1km2方格作为一个采样大格,并按线点距为125m×125m将其平均分成64个采样小格。每个小格内采集1个土壤样,所有样品进行Au、Pb等元素分析测试,并根据测试成果计算出各元素异常下限,圈定了Au、Pb等多处异常。经异常查证,在矿区发现并圈定V8金矿体。应用表明,土壤地球化学测量对金矿的寻找效果显著。     

半干旱—干旱地区以钙积层为采样介质的隐伏金矿地球化学勘查

在隐伏金矿的地球化学勘查中,常用的采样介质包括岩石、水系沉积物、土壤、植物和地气等.近几十年,澳大利亚在半干旱—干旱地区以钙积层作为隐伏金矿床地球化学勘查的采样介质,并取得了成功.本文对以钙积层作为隐伏金矿地球化学勘查采样介质的理论和勘查进展进行总结,其勘查理论基础是土壤剖面中金-钙高度相关性,其成因机理较合理地解释为...     

水系沉积物找金的冷冻采样法

众所周知,在金矿勘查中。采集和分析具有代表性的水系沉积物样品是个难题。本文介绍了一种从活动的水系沉积物中采集原状、封闭样品的冷冻采样法,并对苏格兰科诺尼什境内的一条流经金矿区的河流进行采样试验,以此对该法进行评价。 常规采样法的缺点在于粉金因淘洗有不同程度的损失。冷冻采样法则可获得具有代表性和定量性的数据。若能与砾石层河流沉积学方面的资料相结合,还可建立探测矿源的矿质分散模式。这表明,冷冻采样法特别适用于大型金矿勘测中的定位阶段。     

热带雨林有色金属矿产地球化学勘查方法探索

为探索热带雨林条件下有效矿产地球化学勘查方法,在西定金矿开展100km2的采样密度、采样层位(土壤)、采样介质、样品加工粒度、分析方法及土壤地球化学剖面等项试验工作,研究矿体与非矿体上部土壤中地球化学元素的分布特征,为今后在热带雨林地区开展有色金属矿产勘查提供依据。     

桂西地区核地球物理学α卡法,γ能谱法,X射线荧光法现场勘查金矿研究

本论述了应用核地球物理学中的α卡法、γ能谱法、Ｘ射线荧光法现场综合勘查金矿的理论基础、方法技术及应用实例。首次在同一金矿区综合应用３种方法，实践表明：应用α卡法可圈出与金矿密切相关的构造破碎带；应用γ能谱法可进一步划分金矿化带；应用Ｘ射线荧光法划分金矿层厚度，指导地质人员有目的的采样。     

四川康定县巴郎河金矿成因及找矿潜力

巴郎河金矿位于康定—丹巴金矿集中区,区内岩金资源丰富,易于采选,有"大渡河金谷"之称。本文通过对康定县巴郎河金矿的区域构造、矿体特征、矿床成因等要素的野外调查及采样分析,认为该矿区成矿条件好,具有很好的找矿潜力。     

浅覆盖区1:5万浅钻地球化学测量采样密度探讨——以安徽凤阳大王府—江山铅锌金矿为例

以安徽凤阳大王府—江山铅锌金矿为例,通过开展系统的浅钻地球化学测量试验研究,进一步探讨浅覆盖区浅钻地球化学测量最佳采样密度。实际采样平均密度为16孔/km²,均匀抽稀成8孔/km²、4孔/km²、2孔/km²分别绘制单元素地球化学异常图,经过对比研究,发现1:5万浅钻地球化学测量适宜的采样密度为4孔/km²,均匀布孔,能够反映类似大王府—江山铅锌金矿中型矿床类型的特征。     

香炉碗子金矿区水文地球化学方法找金效果探讨

通过对金在地下水中的存在形式及其富集方法相关条件的研究,提出了水文地球化学找金的工作方法,经过对香炉碗子金矿地下水的采样分析及成果的综合研究,其结果与金矿分布规律基本吻合。同时对该方法在找矿中的效益与前景进行了分析。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.