干旱区绿洲城市城镇化发展状况及协调性浅析——以吐鲁番地区为例

城镇化是一个国家或地区经济发展的必经途径,同时也是衡量某地区经济发展水平的重要标志之一。城镇化进程不仅关系到区域人口、经济和环境的可持续发展,还关系到区域平衡与区域生产效率,以致关系到区域的综合竞争力。利用2001—2011年吐鲁番地区人口、经济、社会和生态方面的相关数据,剖析吐鲁番地区城镇化系统,选出并构建吐鲁番地区人口、经济、社会和生态4个城镇化系统的6个评价指标体系,对指标进行定量分析;计算城镇化4个系统以及城镇化发展水平的综合评价指数及其各系统的协调度,根据各子系统评价指数建立数学模型,分析吐鲁番地区城镇化驱动因子以及制约该地区城镇化进程的影响因素;并推算出吐鲁番地区城镇化的变化和发展趋势。     

Transportation and the recent development of the Queensland coal industry

The role of transportation in the development of the Queensland coal industry since 1955 is reviewed in this paper. It is found that transportation has played a concomitant rather than a prerequisite role in the industry's development. The commitment of the Japanese to Queensland coal has been the most important stimulus to the development. The paper ends with a view to future developments, concluding that it would be unwise for Queensland to develop a transportation infrastructure as a stimulus to expanding the coal industry.     

山东省矿山地面塌陷地质灾害现状、趋势分析及其防治

山东是我国矿业大省,采矿历史悠久,矿业在全省国民经济和社会发展中发挥着重要的基础性作用。随着矿业经济的发展,矿产资源开发规模和开发强度的增大,矿山地面塌（沉）陷问题越发突出,已成为主要的矿山地质灾害。本文中通过对煤、金、铁、石膏、滑石等矿山开采引发的地面塌（沉）陷地质灾害的现状分析,结合矿产开发规划对其发展趋势进行了分析,提出了充填、“自下往上”异向开采、帷幕注浆堵水和矿坑水预先疏干排供结合的防治措施。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

中国参与北极油气资源开发利用前景与方向

北极地区丰富的油气资源近年来引发全世界的广泛关注。评估结果显示,北极油气资源分布不均,主要集中在俄罗斯、美国阿拉斯加、挪威、加拿大和丹麦格陵兰。不同国家和地区北极油气资源勘探开发特点不同,在新形势下可能还会发生变化。中国是油气消费大国和进口大国,俄罗斯北极地区已日渐成为中国重要油气供应地之一。综合分析几个主要北极国家北极油气开发利用现状和未来发展前景,与中国目前参与北极油气开发利用的情况,对未来中国如何参与北极油气资源开发利用提出建议,将俄罗斯作为中国北极油气开发的长期合作伙伴,与其开展项目投资、技术入股、航道建设等多个方面的合作。      

长江经济带页岩气勘探开发进展及建议

页岩气是一种清洁的非常规天然气资源,已引起全世界各国的广泛关注.我国页岩气资源丰富,70%的资源分布在长江经济带沿线各省市.在长江上游的重庆涪陵、四川长宁-威远等地区实现了商业开发,长江中游鄂西地区实现突破,长江下游安徽宣城取得了积极进展.页岩气勘查理论和技术标准体系初步形成,开采装备基本实现国产化.加快长江经济带页岩气勘查开发对优化能源消费结构、实现绿色发展、保障国家能源安全具有重要意义.然而,目前页岩气勘探和开发存在一些问题.主要体现在:页岩气资源探明率低,复杂构造区页岩气富集成藏理论尚需深入研究.页岩气开发成本高,一些关键技术装备尚待研发.市场驱动机制方面,多元主体共同参与的市场化格局尚未完全形成.本文从长江经济带页岩气资源状况、勘探开发进展、勘查理论、技术与装备等方面,分析了中国页岩气发展形势,梳理了制约我国页岩气勘查开发快速发展的主要问题.建议加大勘查开发力度,加强科技创新,坚持绿色勘查开发,加大政策扶持力度,多措并举加快构建长江经济带页岩气勘查开发新格局.      

青岛主城区地下空间开发利用地质因素的影响评价及适宜性分区

根据青岛市主城区的工程地质特征以及工程建设经验,综合分析岩土体的特征、地下水、地质构造及软土等主要约束地下空间开发利用的地质因素的发育分布特征,并采用模糊综合评判法对主城区地下开发适宜性进行评价,将主城区地下空间开发适宜性划分为适宜区、基本适宜区和适宜性差区,并进行了分区评价,适宜区占主城区总面积的79%,适宜地下空间开发;基本适宜区占主城区面积的13%,地下空间适宜性一般,地下空间开发时应着重注意加固及防水措施;适宜性差占主城区面积的8%,地下空间开发时因尽量避开。     

In the name of Development: Power,profit and the datafication of the global South

We examine the current ‘datafication’ process underway in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the power shifts it is creating in the field of international development. The use of new communications and database technologies in LMICs is generating ‘big data’ (for example from the use of mobile phones, mobile-based financial services and the internet) which is collected and processed by corporations. When shared, these data are also becoming a potentially valuable resource for development research and policy. With these new sources of data, new power structures are emerging within the field of development. We identify two trends in particular, illustrating them with examples: first, the empowerment of public–private partnerships around datafication in LMICs and the consequently growing agency of corporations as development actors. Second, the way commercially generated big data is becoming the foundation for country-level ‘data doubles’, i.e. digital representations of social phenomena and/or territories that are created in parallel with, and sometimes in lieu of, national data and statistics. We explore the resulting shift from legibility (Scott, 1998) to visibility, and the implications of seeing development interventions as a byproduct of larger-scale processes of informational capitalism.     

世界红土型镍矿的资源分布及勘查、开发利用现状

目前世界上最具开发利用价值的镍矿床类型为岩浆硫化镍矿床和红土型镍矿床。本文在全面收集、整理和综合世界红土型镍矿相关资料的基础上, 对世界红土型镍矿的资源概况、地理分布、地质特征以及勘查和开发利用现状进行了系统的分析与阐述, 文章对我国地勘单位和矿业企业走出去勘查和开发利用国外红土型镍矿资源具有现实的借鉴和指导意义。     

跨越式发展给吉林省绿色矿产资源开发带来的机遇和挑战

本文在探讨绿色矿产资源、跨越式发展的内涵及相互关系的基础上 ，阐述了吉林省绿色矿产资源开发的有力条件和制约因素，最后论述了跨越式发展给吉林省绿色矿产资源开发带来的机遇和挑战。     

兴文世界地质公园地质遗迹与人文旅游资源整合开发研究

在地质遗迹区,旅游业的健康发展离不开独特的文化旅游资源,如何整合地质遗迹景观与文化旅游资源,实现自然景观与文化景观的优势互补,是地质公园旅游业可持续发展最关键的因素之一。兴文世界地质公园拥有丰富的喀斯特景观与焚苗文化资源,有强烈的神秘色彩和吸引力,但旅游业发展相对滞后。通过分析地质公园旅游开发中存在的问题,在整合开发策略的基础上,提出了“一核心、三个旅游产品生命周期延长区”的整体开发模式。     

基于微服务的地质保障系统架构与应用

煤炭地质保障系统对煤矿的安全、高效生产具有非常重要的作用。煤矿地质保障系统开发面临数据来源多样、地质监测系统集成开发语言不统一、定制化软件导致地质保障平台在不同煤矿适应性差等问题。提出微服务的地质保障系统开发架构,架构分为3层,分别是应用层、平台层和基础设施层。微服务的地质保障架构规范了开发过程,简化了使用的技术栈,优化了系统集成开发流程;将通用的技术业务固化在开发架构,将需要集成的地质类子系统等专业属性强的业务通过微服务方式进行开发和部署运行,降低了开发、集成难度;使用Docker技术封装微服务镜像,让微服务的部署运行不再受到运行环境的影响,提高跨平台移植性,降低了系统的部署难度,缩短了部署时间。微服务地质保障系统架构在唐家会地质保障系统中的开发实践证明:架构的应用改变了现有地质保障类软件的开发模式,通用业务与专业类业务分离,以微服务的形式实现多专业应用集成,便于多团队并行开发,提高工作效率;微服务实现了系统内部各功能之间的高内聚低耦合,不同方法的钻探、物探等专业功能开发可独立完成,使后期运维、修改的可控性大大提高。      

西秦岭断裂构造格架和活动特征对地质灾害的控制作用分析

位于青藏高原东北缘的西秦岭是滑坡、崩塌和泥石流地质灾害非常严重的地区,科学认识这些地质灾害的发育规律、形成机理和控制因素,对于该地区社会经济发展和重大工程建设中地质灾害的科学防御和治理具有重要意义。对西秦岭地区的断裂构造格架和活动特征及其与地质灾害的空间分布和发育强度研究表明,虽然滑坡、崩塌和泥石流地质灾害是内外动力地质作用复杂耦合作用之结果,但区域断裂构造格架和活动特征对滑坡、崩塌和泥石流地质灾害空间和强度分布具有主导控制作用,其主要表现在：1）滑坡、崩塌、泥石流多沿区域断裂带呈带状发育,断裂构造活动强的地段是地质灾害发育强烈的区域 2）断裂带的长期活动造成的岩体破坏和复杂的构造结构面体系不仅为滑坡、崩塌和泥石流的发生提供了重要的物源条件,而且提供了地质结构条件 3）断裂构造突发活动,即地震活动是诱发大规模区域滑坡群和崩塌灾害的最主要因素。因此对滑坡、崩塌和泥石流等地质灾害的研究,不应孤立地探讨其中单一地质灾害的形成与发展,而应把它们放在区域地质构造环境演化过程中统一认识,尤其是应把区域断裂格架、断裂带结构和断裂活动性作为地质灾害形成与发展的关键影响因素。     

北京地下水资源与城市协调发展的思考

北京是严重缺水的城市,地下水在城市供水中起到非常重要的作用。在城市化过程中,水资源的有限性和用水需求的不断增长已成为无法回避的矛盾,如何协调城市化的加速发展和地下水资源短缺的矛盾,是实现北京可持续发展的关键所在。本文介绍了北京市地下水资源现状,分析了城市发展过程中地下水资源开发利用存在的问题,提出了北京地下水资源与城市协调发展的对策与措施。     

国外GIS在地下水管理与研究中的应用和启示

GIS及其应用研究是水资源学科发展中的一个热点问题.本文在对国外GIS及其在地下水管理与研究领域的应用概况进行介绍的基础上,指出了GIS在地下水管理与研究领域的主要发展方向,并总结出GIS技术在国外地下水管理与研究领域的应用情况及其给我国带来的启示.     

Power and influence tactics in the promotion of regional development: An empirical analysis of the work of Finnish regional development officers

Increased complexity and rapid pace of change demand more from people responsible for regional development at various levels of activity. This paper has its roots in a belief that the more complex situations are, the more regional development is dependent on the leadership and network management capacity of key individuals. Studying more deeply the roles that various individuals, and the coalitions formed by them, have in institutionalisation, deinstitutionalisation and reinstitutionalisation processes might provide us with additional analytical leverage in regional development studies. This paper focuses on diffuse networks of dispersed powers from a Finnish regional development officer’s point of view. Regional development officers are those people whose job it is to boost the economic development of their respective regions in Finland.The research questions discussed here are: (a) What kind of power is exercised by Finnish regional development officers; and (b) how do regional development officers aim to gain influence for their efforts to promote regional development? The empirical research is based on data gathered (a) through 41 interviews with Finnish actors responsible for the promotion of economic development in city governments, technology centres, regional development agencies, and ministries and other national bodies, and (b) through internet survey of development officers at local, regional and national levels (531 respondents, response rate 51.8%). The survey was designed to solicit information about power and influence tactics in the context of regional development. The empirical analysis shows, for example, how interpretive power and network power are more important for regional development officers than institutional and resource power, and how indirect influence tactics surpass direct tactics.     

花东纵谷北中段冲积扇与土砂灾害

该文探讨台湾花东纵谷中、北两段冲积扇发育情况及其与土地利用和水土灾害之关系.论文以冲积扇之地理位置、地形成因和发育阶段等特性为基础进行分类,有效地呈显研究区之地形作用、地壳运动特性,并藉此分类以掌握人类活动强度与灾害类型,有助于山区土地资源利用规划与灾害防治.此外,从纵谷中、北两段冲积扇发育阶段明显之不同,推论台湾东部地壳有绕曲现象.     

城市地下空间开发面临的机遇与挑战

随着我国社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加速,我国大城市土地资源变得紧缺。各要素的高度集聚出现各种矛盾,城市空间容量供需矛盾日益突出,使得地下空间开发的需求日趋明显,这也为城市地下空间开发带来机遇,但同时也面临种种挑战。本文从目前政策法规、开发现状及用途等存在问题入手,结合国外发达国家地下空间开发模式,提出我国城市地下空间健康发展的解决之道,以此展望我国城市地下空间发展前景。     

The ancient continental margins of the North American and South American plates and regularities in the occurrence of oil and gas accumulations in them

Various stages of the development of sedimentary basins along the ancient margins of the North American and South American plates are considered. It is shown that the potential of the oil-and-gas bearing is related to a certain stage of evolution of the basins. For the margins of the North American plate, it is the first stage of development in the structure of the ancient Paleozoic continental margins that developed under passive tectonic conditions. For the basins along the ancient margins of the South American plate, it is the second stage, which is the stage of the formation and development of foredeeps overlaid on the earlier structures. An interesting regularity is displayed: than younger the folding-mountain structures that originated in the distal parts of the continental margins, than greater the age range of source rocks in the sedimentary basins preserved there.     

基于生态保护优先的青藏高原矿产资源勘查开发的对策

青藏高原矿产资源开发在地区经济社会发展中具有支柱性地位,是中国重要的矿产资源后备开发及战略基地,但同时又是中国重要的生态环境屏障,资源开发与生态环境保护成为重大的资源环境问题。通过矿山地质环境调查发现,由于以往环境保护意识不足等多种因素的综合影响,矿产资源勘查开发对高原植被生态影响严重,高山草甸植被保护与修复成为青藏高原矿山最主要、最突出的环境问题。基于寒冷、缺氧、少土、交通不便等制约性自然因素,提出了源头优先保护生态的矿产资源勘查开发的对策建议:提高青藏高原矿山准入条件、构建基于源头生态保护的机制、制定开发利用规划、基于矿山地质环境承载力评价的矿山布局、建立勘查及合理开发的矿产资源储备基地、建立矿山生态环境长期监测网、推广高原植被生态修复技术体系等,为政府科学决策矿产资源绿色勘查开发提供地质依据。