中国东部大陆与东海海域地质构造的相关性分析

分析了中国大陆东部地区和东海海域地球物理场、大地构造、地球动力学特征．根据分析得出;东海海域的重磁场特征与中国大陆重磁场特征密切相关．分布趋势与走向均与大陆边缘重磁场相同,是大陆地球物理场向海域的延伸．东海陆架盆地地区具有大陆地球物理场特征．东海东部边缘、海槽具有大陆边缘地球物理场特征．根据研究区的重磁资料计算了该区莫霍、居里界面深度与分布．地壳结构特征表明：莫霍界面在中国东部的主要走向为NE—NNE向,与东海莫霍界面的走向基本一致,说明是大陆地壳向海域的延伸．在冲绳海槽以东海域,地壳厚度由十几公里迅速减薄到几公里,表明地壳由过渡壳向洋壳的转变．因此;中绳海槽应该是大陆地壳的自然终结．中国大陆东部居里界面的差异,反映了地壳结构的不同。陆区及陆架区的磁场特征主要反映了上地壳的磁性结构,相应的也形成了不同的磁场特征与居里界面特征．地球动力学特征表明：东海海域地球动力学特征与中国东部大陆地球动力学特征关系密切,这一地区是欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块的结合地带．构造活动十分强烈．是研究中国大陆及其邻域构造运动,进行地球动力学特征分析的极为有利、重要的地区．     

河西走廊地区地壳底部低阻层及其与地质构造和地震活动性的关系

本文在阐明河西走廊地区地壳底部阻层空间分布特征的基础上,对该低阻层与地质构造、其他地球物理场和地震活动的关系进行了探讨。     

南京地区地球物理场与地震构造稳定性

岩石圈的不均衡状态是地球物理场存在差异的原因,对区域地球物理场进行分析,可以了解岩石圈的不均衡及其构造活动的背景.本文在对南京地区地震地质环境分析的基础上,通过重力异常、地热场、深部速度结构、天然地震层析成像等地球物理资料进行系统分析,研究它们与本区地震构造稳定性的关系;分析研究地震活动,从现今地壳运动速度场与地壳形变...     

天山地壳非均匀性与地震分布

根据重力、航磁及地震波传播速度等地球物理资料，研究了天山地区的深部构造特征。发现天山两缘是地壳物质组成变化较大的场所，也是介质结构最不稳定的区域。地震的发生不仅涉及到地表断裂构造的分布和活动方式，而且与深部物质的非均匀程度有一定的联系。大部分中强地震都发生在地壳中部附近不同速度体之间的梯度带附近，那里是深部介质分布最不均匀的构造层位。它的存在与中强地震的孕育场所密切相关，在构造应力的作用下很容易发     

四川盆地及其西部边缘震区居里等温面的研究

利用航磁资料和三维磁性层反演方法，对四川盆地及其西部边缘地区航磁异常进行了数据处理，求取了研究地区内居里等温面的定量埋深．以区域构造特征、地温梯度分布和人工地壳测深结果印证了反演结果的可靠性．通过深部地热场的分析讨论，论述了四川盆地西部边缘地区的地震，是在川青块体和康滇菱形块体与杨子板块碰撞作用下，产生了强烈的应力积累；又由于地幔热流的上涌，中、下地壳发生塑性蠕变，为岩石的裂错和应力的释放提供了调整单元深部环境下的孕育和发生．      

青藏—蒙古高原东缘构造过渡带的布格重力场特征及地壳上地幔结构

本文从青藏—蒙古高原东缘构造过渡带的布格重力场特征、地壳厚度和上地幔密度分布状态入手,就该带具有较统一的地球动力学背景的地球物理标志,壳-幔系统动力学模式及重力均衡调整等问题进行了讨论     

我国几个大地震地区地壳与上地幔顶部结构关系的初步分析

本文根据我国境内及邻近地区地壳结构的分布特征,特别是近年来我国发生的几个大地震所处的深部地壳构造背景,讨论了地震孕育与发生的可能构造模式。结果表明,近代地震活动地带均为地壳厚度急剧变化的地带和地壳构造的转折交汇部位。在深部构造上又为上地幔顶部局部的隆起地区及邻近隆起地带的边缘或斜坡上。此外,地震发生的深部部位与重力场、磁力场的高梯度变化以及地壳中的低电阻层、低速层和高速层的分布密切相关。这种与地震有关的深部构造背景与地球物理场特征,是今后地震预报和地震成因研究必须十分重视的。     

东南哈萨克斯坦地震活动区及无震区岩石圈的地球物理模式

哈萨克斯坦地震研究所开展岩石圈特征的基础物理研究主要是：根据地球物理和地质基准建立的经验关系方程可以揭示出岩石圈中明显的物理界面，可以提出地球物理参数之间有相关性的根据；应用查明的规律性可以客观地分析超覆构造区和山区的资料。着重研究了与形成地震成因带典型模式基础同样的岩石圈体模式的建立；用综合物理参数和岩石物质组分资料描述了模式的特征；在哈萨克地盾、图兰板块和天山区内发现了速度和密度都有很大区别的四种地壳；解释了重力观测场的不同高度；查明了哈萨克斯坦地壳的三层结构；提出了比以前的康腊界面双层模式更新的解释地球物理资料的方法。     

云南主要构造体系与强震分布规律的初步分析

本文在概述云南地壳构造特点和地震活动特征的基础上,以七级和七级以上地震为例,重点分析了云南主要构造体系与强震分布的相关特点,利用多年来地震地质、地球物理及地震活动性成果,简述了云南及邻区的现代构造形变特征。结合地震破裂带、地壳形变、绝对应力测量、震源机制以及模拟实验等动态观测资料,得到云南现今构造应力场总的以北北西向主压应力为主导。最后,以上述资料为依据,对云南地区未来强震发生的可能地段作了趋势估计。     

羌塘盆地及周边地带地球物理场与油气深部构造背景初探

本文对已有的地球物理场资料、地壳与上地幔结构的概略展布以及青藏的高原的大地构造格局进行了综合分析。结果表明：该区沉积层巨厚，重力场表现为负异常，地壳底部与上地幔顶部相对周边造山带上隆，低速异常分布，地幔对流向生此向下聚集，这些要素提出：羌塘盆地具有构成新油气田的深部构造背景和地球物理场特征，基于这些初步认识，文中最后提出了对该盆地进行深化研究的建议。     

Gravity field separation, density inversion and crustal tectonics in Kang-Dian region

IntroductionTethys-Himalya tectonic belt extends from west to east across Europe, Asia and Africa, and stops at the longitude of 104(E in China. The famous North-south active tectonic belt located in China is a part of China-Mongolia central-axis strong earthquake belt and the huge crustal thickness undulation belt. The tectonic belt is a strong extrusion, tension and shear region. It is synthesized by topography gradient belt, faults, Cenozoic basin and strong earthquake belt on north-so…     

岷县漳县6.6级地震前区域地壳运动变形背景与断层形变异常特征

利用甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震区所在的青藏块体东北缘地区的区域水准、GPS、流动重力和跨断层短测线等地形变监测资料,结合地质构造、动力环境和已往的研究结果,分析了不同类型资料反映的震前区域性地壳变形背景、断层形变异常特征和可能的机理.结果认为：（1）岷县漳县6.6级地震前西秦岭、六盘山等构造区不同程度地存在着GPS水平挤压闭锁高应变积累、垂直隆升异常高梯度带和重力升、降差异剧烈变化等中长期背景;（2）震前到震时发震断裂附近及其外围相关构造区域断层形变异常在空间和时间上的起伏波动变化显著,尤其是汶川地震以来的波动变化在一定程度上反映了与本区构造比邻的龙门山断裂带剧烈右旋错动对本区的影响,与本次岷县6.6级地震过程有关;（3）本区有地形变监测资料积累以来缺乏6级以上震例,虽然存在不同程度的中长期形变背景异常,但何时进入短期-短临阶段确实很难把握,需要不断积累总结和探索提高.     

龙羊峡周围地区地壳应力场及地震危险性探讨

本文利用震源机制资料对龙羊峡及附近地区的地壳应力场和构造进行了反演，结果表明，该地区主压应力以北东或北东东方向占优势，构造主要是北西向。同时根据南北带强震时空特征、共和地震序列及青海东部部分震兆资料对该地区的地震危险性做了粗略的估计。     

川西龙门山及邻区地壳上地幔远震P波层析成像

本文利用川西地震台阵记录到的远震P波走时数据和非线性层析成像算法,获得龙门山地区400 km深度范围内的三维P波速度结构.为了适应川西地区复杂的地质结构,本文的层析成像方法采用了快速行进三维走时计算算法和Tarantola非线性反演算法.我们的结果揭示了川滇地块、松潘-甘孜地块和四川盆地三个不同地块构造差异及该区深部动力学特征.本文的研究表明：1）研究区地壳上地幔P波速度结构具有较为明显的分区特征,松潘-甘孜地块和川滇地块岩石圈速度较低,四川盆地岩石圈速度较高,四川盆地的岩石圈厚度从南250 km向北逐渐减薄至100 km.松潘-甘孜地块上地幔存在地幔上涌的特征.2）川滇地块和四川盆地仅是垂直接触关系,而在龙门山地区四川盆地前缘存在减薄的现象,并伴随松潘-甘孜地块上地幔低速物质有侵入四川盆地岩石圈下方的特征,这显示了四川盆地与松潘-甘孜地块和川滇地块的动力学关系的差异.3）以映秀为界,龙门山断裂带被从松潘-甘孜侵入的低速异常分为南北两段：龙门山南段和龙门山北段,汶川大地震及其余震序列均分布在龙门山断裂带的北段.在青藏高原向东挤压和地幔上涌的双重作用下造成松潘-甘孜地块隆升,由于汶川处于龙门山北段的最南端,应力容易在此集中.这些因素可能是汶川M_S8.0地震的基本动力学背景.本文的结果不支持四川盆地的俯冲及层间流动的动力学模型.     

TRANSVERSE STRUCTURES FEATURES OF DIFFERENT DEPTHS DERIVED FROM BOUGUER GRAVITY ANOMALIES IN THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF TAN-LU FAULT ZONE

To research the faults distribution and deep structures in the southern segment of Tan-Lu fault zone(TLFZ) and its adjacent area, this paper collects the Bouguer gravity data and makes separation by the multi-scale wavelet analysis method to analyze the crustal transverse structure of different depths. Meanwhile Moho interface is inversed by Parker variable density model. Research indicates that the southern segment of TLFZ behaves as a NNE-directed large-scale regional field gravity gradient zone, which separates the west North China-Dabie orogen block and the east Yangtze block, cutting the whole crust and lithosphere mantle. There are quite differences of density structures and tectonic features between both sides of this gradient belt. The sedimentary and upper crustal density structure is complex. The two east branches of TLFZ behave as linear gravity anomalous belt throughout the region, whereas the two west branches of TLFZ continue to extend after truncating the EW-trending gravity anomaly body. The lower crustal density structure is relatively simple. TLFZ behaves as a broad and gentle low abnormal belt, which reflects the Cretaceous-Paleogene extension environment caused graben structure. The two west branches of TLFZ, running through Hefei city, extend southward along the west margin of Feidong depression and pinch out in Shucheng area due to the high density trap occlusions in the south of Shucheng. The Feizhong Fault, Liu'an-Hefei Fault, and Feixi-Hanbaidu Fault intersect the two west branch faults of TLFZ without extending to the east. Recent epicenters are mainly located in conversion zones between the high-density and the low-density anomaly, especially in TLFZ and the junction of the faults, where earthquakes frequently occurred in the upper and middle crust. As strong earthquakes rarely occur in the southern segment of TLFZ, considering its deep feature of abrupt change of the Moho and intersections with many EW-trending faults, the hazard of strong earthquake cannot be ignored.     

2013年芦山MS7.0地震前南北地震带数字化水位、 水温高频信息异常特征及效能分析

数字化观测资料中含有丰富的高频异常信息, 这些高频信息中可能隐含着与地震有关的异常信号。 引入概率密度分布法对2013年4月20日芦山M_S7.0地震发生前南北地震带水位、 水温分钟值观测数据高频成分进行分析, 结果表明, 芦山M_S7.0地震前南北地震带共有17个测点、 19组数据出现高频异常信息, 其中水位5组、 水温14组, 高频异常多集中在四川南部构造带, 且随着时间进程发展, 异常幅值逐渐减小且异常出现向震中区迁移的特征。 通过应用Molchan图表法对提取的高频信息进行统计检验, 结果显示, 概率密度分布法提取的高频异常对地震具有较好的预测效果。 通过对震源区及附近区域大地构造演化、 前兆异常发展及地壳运动速度场等特征分析, 结果发现, 计算得到的地下流体高频异常空间分布特征与南北地震带地壳运动场具有很好的一致性, 表明利用概率密度分布法提取的高频异常与区域构造活动存在一定相关性, 同时也为前人关于对异常形成机理的研究提供了旁证。     

地表热红外辐射的小波分析及其在现今构造活动研究中的意义

地表热红外辐射的影响因素较多,不仅受到构造活动的影响,还受到大气、太阳以及植被等多种因素的干扰.如何排除这些因素的干扰,是热红外遥感用于研究断层活动或者地震活动的难点之一.从频率域看,地表热红外辐射主要存在3种频段：(1)高频, 周期小于1年的天气变化;(2)中频,以1年周期为主的太阳、植被与季节变化; (3)低频,大于1年周期的大气变化的长周期成份,地壳缓慢的运动引起的热辐射变化亦属于长周期变化.本文运用小波理论将地表热红外辐射分解为上述3个频率成份,并结合气象资料和地震活动进行综合分析.结果表明,低频成份的热异常更接近于断层活动所引起的热信息,能为断层或地震活动提供一定的指示信息.低频成份的高温异常区(条带)跟构造特征、地震活动密切相关.     

新疆北部构造区带地震活动状态分析

在对新疆北部地区地质构造、构造运动强度、历史强地震活动特征、地壳缩短速率以及局部应力场特征综合研究的基础上,将新疆北部地区划分为阿尔泰地震带、乌鲁木齐、北天山西段、中天山和东天山5个地震构造区带.通过计算上述各构造区带年应变能释放均值、折合震级、不同震级下限的地震年发生率、b值和应变加速释放模型参数m值等参数,对各构造区带中地震活动状态进行了定量分析,进而提取了各构造区带地震活动状态的特征指标,为地震趋势分析和判定提供了定量的依据.     

Study on intermediate focus earthquake belt in Hindukush-Pamirs

IntroductionHindukush-Pamirsregion,locatedinthenorthwestemendofthecollisionpadbetweenindianandEurasianPlates,isaworld-knownintermediatCfocusearthquakesregion.Undertheationofindiansub-continentpushingnorthwardswithanannuallyaveragespeedfateof4-6cln/a(M'1978;Su,Lin,1983),aseriesofarcuatefracturezonewhichisprominefittowardnorthareformedintheregion,therearehugestrikeslipfaultsdistributedsymmetricallyinthewestandeastsidesoftheregion,andthegeologicalstructureoftheregioniscomplicated.Becauseofthes…     

THE THREE DIMENSIONAL DENSITY STRUCTURE OF CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE IN THE CENTRAL-SOUTHERN PART OF LONGMENSHAN

In recent years, strong earthquakes of M_S8.0 Wenchuan and M_S7.0 Lushan occurred in the central-southern part of Longmenshan fault zone. The distance between the two earthquakes is less than 80 kilometers. So if we can obtain the inner structure of the crust and upper mantle, it will benefit us to understand the mechanism of the two earthquakes. Based on the high resolution dataset of Bouguer gravity anomaly data and the initial model constrained by three-dimensional tomography results of P-wave velocity in Sichuan-Yunnan region, with the help of the preconditioned conjugate gradient(PCG)inversion method, we established the three dimensional density structure model of the crust and upper mantle of the central-southern segment of Longmenshan, the spatial interval of which is 10 kilometers along the horizontal direction and 5 kilometers along the depth which is limited to 0~65km, respectively. This model also provides a new geophysical model for studying the crustal structure of western Sichuan plateau and Sichuan Basin. The results show obvious differences in the crustal density structure on both sides(Songpan-Ganzê block and Sichuan Basin)of Longmenshan fault zone which is a boundary fault and controls the inner crustal structure. In Sichuan Basin, the sedimentary layer is represented as low density structure which is about 10km thick. In contrast, the upper crust of Songpan-Ganzê block shows a thinner sedimentary layer and higher density structure where bedrock is exposed. Furthermore, there is a wide scale low density layer in the middle crust of the Songpan-Ganzê block. Based on this, we inferred that the medium intensity of the Songpan-Ganzê block is significantly lower than that of Sichuan Basin. As a result, the eastward movement of material of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, blocked by the Sichuan Basin, is inevitably impacted, resulting in compressional deformation and uplift, forming the Longmenshan thrust-nappe tectonic belt at the same time. The result also presents that the crustal structure has a distinct segmental feature along the Longmenshan fault zone, which is characterized by obviously discontinuous changes in crustal density. Moreover, a lot of high- and low-density structures appear around the epicenters of Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes. Combining with the projection of the precise locating earthquake results, it is found that Longmenshan fault zone in the upper crust shows obvious segmentation, both Wenchuan and Lushan earthquake occurred in the high density side of the density gradient zone. Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks are mainly distributed in the west of central Longmenshan fault zone. In the south of Maoxian-Beichuan, its aftershocks occurred in high density area and the majority of them are thrust earthquake. In the north of Maoxian-Beichuan, its aftershocks occurred in the low density area and the majority of them are strike-slip earthquake. The Lushan earthquake and its aftershocks are concentrated near the gradient zone of crustal density and tend to the side of the high density zone. The aftershocks of Lushan earthquake ended at the edge of low-density zone which is in EW direction in the north Baoxing. The leading edge of Sichuan Basin, which has high density in the lower crust, expands toward the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with the increase of depth, and is close to the west of the Longmenshan fault zone at the top of upper mantle. Our results show that there are a lot of low density bodies in the middle and lower crust of Songpan-Ganzê Block. With the increase of the depth, the low density bodies are moving to the south and its direction changed. This phenomenon shows that the depth and surface structure of Songpan-Ganzê Block are not consistent, suggesting that the crust and upper mantle are decoupled. Although a certain scale of low-density bodies are distributed in the middle and lower crust of Songpan-Ganzê, their connectivity is poor. There are some low-density anomalies in the floor plan. It is hard to give clear evidence to prove whether the lower crust flow exists.