采用不同加固方案处理软土地基的对比研究

采用强夯法，排水固结法和动力排水固结法3种不同方案对某地基进行了加固处理，并且从孔隙水压力消散，动力触探，静力触探及室内土工试验等方面对不同方案的加固处理效果进行对比研究，证实了动力排水固结法是处理饱和软粘土地基的有效方法。     

冲击荷载下饱和粘土孔压特性初探

冲击荷载作用下，孔压的增长与消散规律是研究动力固结法加固饱和粘土地基的基础与理论支持，就此问题进行了冲击荷载作用下饱和粘土孔压增长与消散规律的一维模型试验，试验中考虑了不同击数N和不同击能WH的影响，试验的结论新颖，对其进行了初步探讨。     

基于分数阶Kelvin模型的饱和黏土一维流变固结分析

引入基于Caputo分数导数的弹壶元件修正Kelvin模型,以描述饱和黏土的一维流变本构关系。沿用Terzaghi饱和土一维固结理论的假设推导流变固结方程,引入Laplace变换和基于Fourier级数展开的Laplace数值逆变换解法进行数值求解。通过与基于整数阶导数模型解析解的对比,证明数值解法的有效性。通过对文献中一维流变固结试验结果的模拟,验证修正Kelvin模型的适用性。然后分析弹壶元件中分数导数阶数和黏滞系数对地基流变固结进程的影响。计算结果表明,在固结开始相当长的一段时间内,孔隙水压的整体消散速度要快于Terzaghi一维固结理论,但在固结后期则会慢于后者;而且在整个固结过程中,地基沉降速率都要慢于后者。总体来看,地基沉降滞后于孔压消散,并且分数导数阶数越小或黏滞系数越大,这种现象就越明显,而且沉降稳定需要的时间越长。     

饱水粘性土主固结理论(续): 主固结过程粘性土含水量与时间的关系

论文的前文(饱水粘性土主固结理论) 已从理论上导出粘性土“主固结比(η) ”、“极限主固结量(S_η) ”及其主固结度U_η的计算方法, 它们取决于粘性土的初始含水量和液限(W_t、W_L) 而与固结应力p无关.作为前文的续篇, 主要是探求一维主固结过程含水量和时间(t) 的变化关系(W_t=f(t, z)).根据一维固结物理模型及假设条件建立的含水量为因变量的主固结二阶偏微分方程并通过特定的边界条件和初始条件, 利用分离变量法和三角函数正交原理解得主固结过程含水量和时间的关系式, 并获得主固结系数Θ及其时间因数Δ的新表达式, 它们在形式上与太沙基固结方程相似, 但实质内容上不一致, 前者是探索粘性土含水量变化, 后者是超静孔压u的变化, 利用新的一维主固结方程进一步导出主固结量(S_t), 平均主固结度(U_t) 及主固结剩余量(ΔS) 等新一组表达式, 利用工程实际数据分别计算表明新的主固结系数Θ所含的相关物理量除含水量外, 其他的物理量如渗透系数(K), 超静孔压水头高度(h₁), 粘性土比重(G_s) 等都不具实质的影响.      

上海软粘土微观特性及在土体变形与地面沉降中的作用研究

对上海软粘土的颗粒及集合体成分、孔径分布、微结构、孔隙溶液与阳离子交换性作了分析 ,对固结前后的孔径变化与人工回灌对土体性质可能带来的影响作了探讨 ,从物理化学角度阐述了软粘土微观特性对土体固结变形及地面沉降的影响.     

粘土的压密状态及其力学性质

本文首先较详细一讨论了一般粘土(“结构强度”的影响可以忽路)和有“结构强度”粘土的压密状态.区分先期固结压力和结构屈服压力不同的物理实质,澄清二者之间的差别并指出混淆这种差别可能引起对土的压密状态的分析和力学性质的估计的错误.其次,讨论了土的结构强度,压密状态和压密性质之间的关系.最后,讨论了土的结构强度、压密状态和抗剪强度的关系.揭示了孔隙水压力变化的规律.     

饱水粘性土主固结理论

对饱水软粘土的预压排水主固结研究应从其排水的本质出发, 即从软土在预压过程的含水量变化上研究主固结量的变化规律, 利用土的基本性质指标导出主固结比基本公式及主固结量(沉降量)、绝对主固结量、绝对固结度等理论计算方法.与传统的算法不一样的地方是这些算法与预压荷载(即固结应力) 无关系, 直接计算出主固结的效果及评价预压排水固结地基处理卸载的可行性.利用上述基本公式亦可导出剩余主固结量、主固结速率等计算式.通过实例的分析, 证明上述理论方法与观测的数据基本相符.      

垃圾填埋场渗沥液pH值变化对粘土防渗层压缩性的影响

粘土防渗层是垃圾填埋设施中直接接触渗沥液的防渗层,防渗层有效地阻隔了垃圾渗沥液下渗,减少了渗沥液对环境的污染.以成都粘土为研究对象,采用高压固结试验研究粘土防渗层在不同浸润时间、不同pH渗沥液浸润下对粘土层固结参数的影响.结果表明:浸润时间和渗沥液pH对粘土固结参数的影响较大.随着浸润时间的增加,渗沥液pH值对土的压缩...     

快速固结试验方法的可靠性

对粉质粘土分别采用标准固结试验法和快速固结试验法来研究快速固结试验法测得的压缩性指标的可靠度.试验结果表明在常规压力增量下,用快速固结试验法测得压缩性指标可以满足一般工程的需要.     

淤泥质土固结过程孔压及变形规律研究

对深入了解土在外荷作用下的孔隙水压力与变形变化规律对研究土的排水固结机理具有重要意义。对黄石地区淤泥质土进行分级加荷与一次性加荷的各向等压固结试验及单向固结试验,分析全过程孔压与变形的变化规律,结果表明：两种加荷方式孔压消散的规律并不相同,当孔压降到相应某临界值以下时,固结过程会变得缓慢,即使在较大的外荷载作用下,土中孔压反映也远不如加载初期明显。固结排水过程具有阶段性,这主要是自由水与孔隙水排水速度变化所引起的。黄石淤泥质土的主固结时间总体在5-100min范围内,当固结压力接近先期固结压力时固结系数最小,而次固结系数约为最大值。     

A Method for Derivation of Compression Equation and Value of Degradation Exponent for Structured Soils

A method to derive a general equation for compression of structured soils is presented. It is shown that the general equation leads to the equation of compression for structured soils as proposed by Liu and Carter (Geotechnique 49(4):43–57, 1999). Using the compression characteristics of the structured and remolded soil, an equation is developed to determine a unique value for the structure degradation exponent term of the Liu-Carter equation. This equation is used to obtain the value of the structure degradation exponent of the Liu-Carter equation from the compression behavior of undisturbed and remolded Mexico City clay. The value of the exponent is used in the Liu-Carter equation to predict the compression behaviour of the clay. Excellent agreement is observed between predictions and experimental data.     

An Analytical Investigation of a Variable-Compliance-type Constitutive Equation

Summary. A constitutive equation is proposed in which the compliance is assumed to monotonically increase as a load is applied. The primary feature of the constitutive equation is that the equation can be applied to various loading conditions such as constant stress rate, constant strain rate, creep, or relaxation. The second feature is that the equation has exact solutions under many loading conditions. The present paper shows the exact solutions for the constitutive equation and investigates the mutual relationships between the exact solutions for the different loading conditions. The third feature is that it is comparatively easy to find the constants in the constitutive equation. The present paper shows how to solve the constitutive equation for the constants, and the constants for some native Japanese rocks. The constitutive equation used in the present paper is extremely simple. Therefore, the equation can be easily implemented in almost any FEM code. It is likely that additional terms of the constitutive equation will prove necessary for practical usage. However, additional terms can be found very easily by finding higher-order approximations of experimental data.     

粗粒料的单参数级配方程及其适用性研究

提出了一个适用于描述粗粒料连续级配的单参数级配方程，研究了方程的基本性质，分析了方程对连续级配粗粒料两种典型级配曲线的反映能力，利用多个土石坝工程粗粒料级配曲线验证该方程的适用性，推导了方程表示良好级配的参数范围。结果表明：提出的级配方程能够描述反S形和双曲线形两种典型的粗粒料级配曲线。方程参数? 的范围为(0，1)，当? 值较小时，方程表示的级配曲线为双曲线形；当? 值较大时，方程表示的级配曲线为反S形。提出的级配方程对土石坝工程中各种粗粒料的级配具有较好的适用性。与分形级配方程和连续级配方程相比，该单参数级配方程更具有实用价值。当? >0.13时，方程表示的级配为良好级配，该范围的确定可以为筑坝粗粒料的级配设计提供依据。     

Models of geochemical systems from mixture theory: Diffusion

The problem of diffusion of a geochemical component in a natural environment is investigated from the standpoint of mixture theory. The approach here differs from previous diffusion studies in that both the conservation of mass and momentum for the component is considered. This approach avoids parameterizing the diffusive flux in the mass equation by Fick's law. It is shown that when the momentum equation is included with the mass equation, the linear approximation for the space-time distribution of a solute in a binary system is the telegraph equation, well known from electrodynamics. This contrasts with the diffusion equation, which relies on introducing the Fick's law assumption into the conservation of mass equation for the solute. Solutions for both the diffusion and telegraph equation models are obtained and compared for the case of migration of a minor component into the seabed when the sediment-water interface concentration is a prescribed function of time. Although the stationary, steady state solutions of the telegraph and diffusion equations are identical, the former has a transient solution in which fluctuations propagate at finite speed. The Fickian assumption, in contrast, requires an infinite speed of propagation.     

A generalized advection dispersion equation

This paper examines a possible effect of uncertainties, variability or heterogeneity of any dynamic system when being included in its evolution rule; the notion is illustrated with the advection dispersion equation, which describes the groundwater pollution model. An uncertain derivative is defined; some properties of the operator are presented. The operator is used to generalize the advection dispersion equation. The generalized equation differs from the standard equation in four properties. The generalized equation is solved via the variational iteration technique. Some illustrative figures are presented.     

偶数阶微分方程周期解的存在性

讨论了高阶Duffing型微分方程周期解的存在性,此类方程是二阶Duffing型方程的推广,具有重要的理论意义。利用同胚延拓和不动点方法,构造处理了一类比文献所述条件更弱的Duffing型方程。通过构造一个先验界,利用Schaud-er不动点方法得到解的存在性结论,所使用的方法能广泛适用于各种边界条件。     

三维溶质运移问题的分步广义迎风解法

对对流占优的三维溶质运移问题提出了分步广义迎风解法，首先利用Ｎ．Ｎ．Ｙａ－ｎｅｎｋｏ对水动力弥散方程分步求解的思想，将原来的一个定解问题分解为两个定解问题即对流定解问题和扩散定解问题，对对流定解问题采用广义迎风对偶单元均衡法求解，对扩散定解问题采用一般的Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ有限元法求解，不仅避免了用一般有限元法和有限差分法求解对流占优的地下水水质数学模型时常出现数值弥散和过量问题，而且避免了求节点速度这一步，节省运算步骤，对井点的浓度变化给出了更合适的求解方法。     

激光测速粒子对复杂流动的响应研究——Ⅰ颗粒非恒定运动数学模型及其数值方法

流体激光测速的精度与示踪粒子的跟随特性即流体中异质粒子的非恒定运动特性密切相关。首先对粒子非恒定运动方程进行了探讨,着重考虑了在高颗粒雷诺数时该方程的修正问题,简要分析了该方程的数学属性,并构造了这类方程的数值计算方法。分析表明,高颗粒雷诺数下的粒子非恒定运动方程为非线性奇异积分方程,而当颗粒雷诺数小于1时,则线性化为第二类渥尔特拉(Volterra)积分方程。以几种均匀流中球形小颗粒的非恒定运动为算例,计算结果与其解析解及有关实验数据的比较表明,数值方法具有良好的计算精度。     

岩体节理抗剪强度的巴顿方程评价(英文)

根据实验室的抗剪强度试验, 本文对巴顿方程进行新的讨论并提出新的评价方法。实验室完成了一组岩体结构面的抗剪强度 (, )试验后, 利用抗剪强度资料来模拟巴顿方程的三个参数 (, JRC, JCS)在理论上可以用偏导数求解, 但由于巴顿方程的特殊性, 实际上是不可能的。     

Estimation of base settlement from the surface subsidence profile: Plane‐field of displacements

According to Litwiniszyn's theory, subsidence over a yielding underground geo‐structure is seen as a stochastic (Markov) process. This theory leads to a single, linear parabolic differential equation of diffusion–convection type (D–C equation) in the plane‐field of displacements. If the boundary conditions for the governing D–C equation are prescribed along the shear bands, i.e. at ‘moving’ boundaries—it has been observed from small‐scale model experiments that the subsiding process is always confined between a set of inclined shear bands—then the resulting equation is nonlinear. The inverse problem for this nonlinear equation, i.e. the problem of determining the base displacement using the surface subsidence as ‘initial’ condition, is ill‐posed and estimation of the base displacement from a given surface subsidence profile is not possible. In the present paper the domain of integration of the governing D–C equation is fixed (and bounded)—the boundaries are not evolving. Hence, the governing equation remains linear parabolic. The advantage is that this linear differential equation admits an analytical solution, under the trap‐door mechanism assumption, that enables a direct solution to the inverse problem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.