Impacts of land use change on landscape patterns in mountain human settlement: The case study of Hantai District(Shaanxi,China)

Mountain area is an important geographical unit of land,and its ecology is sensitive and fragile.Over the past few decades,human activities have caused dramatic changes in land use in mountainous areas,which caused changes in landscape patterns and impacts on the ecological environment.It is unknown how the mechanism of land use affects the landscape pattern at different scales.The Hantai District,a typical human settlement in the mountain area in Shaanxi,China,was chosen as the study area.Based on the remote sensing images,the mathematical models and landscape indexes were adopted to evaluate the impact of land use change from 1998 to 2017 on the landscape pattern at different scales,and its main driving forces were analyzed.The results showed that the urbanized land expanded largest from 15.39%to 24.30%,and cultivated land experienced the largest decline from 43.54%to 35.35%.Changes in land use have made the patch morphology of most land types developed from a natural random to a sawtooth shape,and its spatial pattern evolved from a ruleset to a fragmented expansion.This reflects the continuous strengthening of human intervention in the process of regional development.Under the jurisdiction of Hantai District,the biggest change in landscape pattern is in Hanzhong City and Qili Town.The improved economy and increasing population and urbanization rate were the main factors that cause these changes.This research could provide necessary information for understanding the evolution mechanism of land resources in mountainous human settlements for mountainous areas with significant geomorphic differentiation.     

房地产宏观政策期待加大执行力

4月27日,中国社会科学院城市发展与环境研究中心和社会科学文献出版社联合主办的2007年中国房地产高峰论坛暨《 房地产蓝皮书》2007年版出版发布会在北京举行.来自中国社会科学院、国土资源部、建设部、国家统计局、中国房地产协会等部门的专家、学者和官员出席了会议.     

边城廿八都

浙西南的江山市廿八都镇,地处浙闽赣三省交界。四面群山拱卫,仙霞古道穿镇而过,自古有“东南锁钥,入闽咽喉”之称。小镇类似文学家沈从文笔下的边城,当时“也有商人落脚的客店,坐镇不动的理发馆。此外,饭店、杂货铺、油行、盐栈、花衣庄,莫不各有一种地位,装点这条小河街。”而唐宋古道驿站遗址和明清古桥民居至今尚存。     

"一户一宅"的思考

《土地管理法》第六十二条规定,农村村民一户只能拥有一处宅基地。这对于节约集约用地,强化农村宅基地管理具有十分重要的指导意义。长期以来,农村旧的宅基地管理模式造成农村村民住房严重超标,一户多宅以及空心村的现象普遍存在,农村宅基地极度浪费。“一户一宅”制从当前全国农村的实际出发,对农村宅基地使用作出了科学合理的界定。但是,在执行“一户一宅”过程中,也出现一些新情况新问题,在市场经济条件下,这些新情况新问题必须在立法和实践中加以解决,并不断完善现有的制度,以达到科学合理地利用农村土地。     

Influence of the roots of mixed-planting species on the shear strength of saline loess soil

In order to improve our knowledge of the mechanical effect of the roots of mixed-plantings on soil reinforcement and slope protection,the influence of roots of a mixed-planting with four herb species(Medicago sativa L.,Elymus nutans Griseb.,Puccinellia distanx(L.),and Poa pratensis L.)and one shrub species(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)were investigated on the shear strength characteristics of saline loess soil.The root distribution characteristics were assessed via a survey when the plants grew for one year.The effects of the root biomass density,the root mass ratio(RMR)of the fine roots to the coarse roots,the moisture content,and the salt content on the shear strength index of the rooted soil were analyzed via a triaxial compression test,and the mechanism of these effects was discussed.The results indicate that the biomass density decreased linearly with increasing depth.The RMR initially decreased with depth and then increased,exhibiting in a quadratic relationship.The cohesion of the rooted soil increased linearly as the biomass density increased.The cohesion of the rooted soil initially increased with increasing RMR and salt content,and then it decreased.The turning point of the cohesion occurred when the RMR was 0.6 and the salt content was 1.18%.The internal friction angle of the rooted soil initially increased with biomass density and then decreased,and the turning point of the internal friction angle occurred when the biomass density was 0.015 g/cm3.The relationships between the internal friction angle of the rooted soil and the RMR and salt content were exponential incremental and linear subtractive relationship,respectively.Both the cohesion and the internal friction angle of the rooted soil linearly decreased with increasing moisture content.     

Combined Bearing Capacity of Spudcans on a Double Layer Deposit of Strong-Over-Weak Clays

An extreme sea storm process can lead to a jack-up rig under the combined loading condition of vertical load(V), horizontal load(H), and moment(M) to have stability problems. This paper presents the analysis of combined bearing capacities of a circular spudcan on layered clays with a strong layer overlying a comparatively weaker layer. Numerical models combined with displacement-based load tests, swipe tests, and constant ratio displacement probe tests are adopted to calculate the uniaxial bearing capacities, failure envelopes in combined V-H, V-M planes, and failure envelopes in a combined V-H-M load space, respectively. A parametric study on the effects of vertical load level V, the layer strength ratio s_u,t/s_u,b, and the hard layer thickness t_1 on the bearing capacities is then performed. Results show that the vertical load level is a key factor that influences the values of H and M and the size of the H-M failure envelope. The existence of the underlying weak clay decreases the bearing capacities in all directions, and the vertical capacity Vult is affected more than the horizontal(H_ult) and moment(M_ult) capacities based on a single uniform deposit. The influence of the underlying weak clay on H-M failure envelope is mainly shown where H and M are coupled in the same direction. In contrast, little difference is observed when H and M are coupled in opposite directions.     

Characteristics and dynamics of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche triggered by a paleo-earthquake in the Northern Qinling Mountains

Analyzing large prehistoric rock avalanches provides significant data for evaluating the disaster posed by these relatively infrequent but destructive geological events. This paper attempts to study the characteristics and dynamics of the Ganqiuchi granitic rock avalanche, in the middle of the northern margin of Qinling Mountains, 30 km to the south of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. In plane view, this rock avalanche is characterized by source area, accumulation area and dammed lake area. Based on previous studies, historical records and regional geological data, the major trigger of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche is considered to be a strong paleo-earthquake with tremendous energy. The in situ deposit block size distributions of the intact rock mass and the debris deposits are presented and analyzed by using a simple model for estimating the number of fragmentation cycles that the blocks underwent. The results show that the primary controlling factor of the fragmentation process is the pre-existing fractures, and there is a relationship between the potential energy and the fragmentation energy: the latter is approximately 20% of the former. Based on the dynamic discrete element technique, the study proposes a four-stage model for the dynamic course of the Ganqiuchi rock avalanche:(1) failing;(2) highspeed sliding;(3) collision with obstacles;(4) decelerated sliding, which has implication for hazard assessment of the potential rock avalanches in China and other countries with similar geological setting.     

Oxidation Modification of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Carbon Fiber and Its Electro-Chemical Performance as Marine Electrode for Electric Field Test

A novel sensor for ocean electric field testing has been fabricated by polyacrylonitrile-based on carbon fibers with electro-chemical oxidation.The surface profile characteristics of the carbon fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope,Fourier transform infrared spectra and contact angle.Cyclic voltammetry and Tafel curves have been used to study its electro-chemical performances.Two identical electrodes in sea water as the electric field sensor will swiftly respond to applied electric field which causes positive and negative ions to move in opposite direction,resulting in a electric potential difference(ΔE).Test result indicates that the offset potential is typically below 1 m V with a drift of 60-170μVd^-1.Typical self noise level is 1.07 nV√Hz^1/2@1 Hz.The electric field response indicates that the modified electrode pair shows better response to AC sine signal of amplitude and frequency(5 mV and 1 mHz)respectively than its blank.The electric field response model of the modified electrodes is creatively presented according to its electric double layer capacitance and Faraday pseudo-capacitance.Many advantages of the carbon fiber electric field electrode will make it have potential application prospect.     

Effect of Carbonation and Drying-Wetting Cycles on Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Coral Aggregate Seawater Concrete

Based on seawater immersion,drying-wetting cycles,carbonation and drying-wetting cycles for coral aggregate sea-water concrete(CASC)with different strength grades,the effect of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles on chloride diffusion be-havior of CASC is studied.The results show that the free surface chloride concentration(Cs),free chloride diffusion coefficient(Df)and time-dependent index(m)of CASC in the drying-wetting cycles is obviously higher than that in seawater immersion.The Df and m of CASC of carbonation and drying-wetting cycles is higher than that in the drying-wetting cycles.Carbonation increases the Df and m of CASC,which is against CASC to resist chloride corrosion.The corrosion possibility of CASC structures in different ex-posed areas is as follows:splash zone(carbonation and drying-wetting cycles)>tidal zone(drying-wetting cycles)>underwater zone(seawater immersion).Besides,the chloride diffusion rate of C65-CASC is 17.8%-63.4%higher than that of C65-ordinary aggre-gate concrete(OAC)in seawater immersion(underwater zone).Therefore,anti-corrosion measures should be adopted to improve the service life of CASC structure in the oceanic environment.     

湘西自治州贯彻执行《土地管理法》调查报告

为推进湘西自治州贯彻执行《中华人民共和国土地管理法》(以下简称《土地管理法》)工作的健康发展,州政协委员视察组一行13人,对《土地管理法》颁布实施以来全州8     

试论海船船员的适任考试与评估

通过《97规则》与《87规则》的对比 ,分析了两者的异同、变化及意义作用 ,结合在实施《97规则》过程中出现的一些问题 ,有针对性地提出了不同的见解和较有新意的建议。     

真实硬件环境下针对椭圆曲线密码体制的简单功耗分析攻击

介绍了一种椭圆曲线密码体制的实现算法,并分析了针对此算法进行简单功耗分析攻击的可行性,在此基础上设计实现了功耗分析平台,利用该平台获取椭圆曲线密码算法的功耗轨迹图,通过对该功耗信号的分析和处理,利用简单功耗分析的方法成功提取了椭圆曲线密码体制的私钥信息。结果验证了简单功耗分析对于椭圆曲线密码系统进行攻击的可行性和有效性。     

基于要素的地形图数据更新方法研究

针对地形图数据库更新问题,提出一种基于要素的地形图数据更新方法。根据地形图数据更新的特点,将地形图数据的更新分为变化检测和数据入库两部分,在变化检测中利用缓冲区分析、几何量算等方法检测地形图数据中发生变化的要素,并写入临时库,赋予其特定的属性值,根据临时库中变化要素的不同变化情况,对数据库中的数据进行相应的更新操作。实验表明,本文提出的基于要素的地形图数据更新方法能实现地形图数据的更新,具有较大的应用价值。     

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基于三维激光扫描仪的边坡形变监测研究

摘 要： 利用三维激光扫描仪获取铁路边坡形变数据,并对点云数据进行体素化处理,利用种子生长法对体素化后的数据进行分类,并拟合其空间参数;通过观测点云数据与目标数据分类结果拟合平面之间的距离,确定边坡形变的具体值;利用扩展卡尔曼滤波对多期数据进行统计分析,得到边坡形变的速率与加速率,预测边坡形变。     

基于GLM-PSO-coKriging模型的地表形变研究

以斜坡灾害易发地带兰州市城关区为研究区,通过PS-InSAR技术提取地表形变点的地表形变速率,反映地质灾害在空间范围内的分布。以协克里金插值为基础,结合广义线性模型（GLM）和粒子群优化算法（PSO）,构建PSO-GLM-coKriging插值模型,以地表形变速率为主变量,DEM,岩土疏松度和NDVI拟合参数为协变量,进行空间插值模拟。与co-Kriging模型和GLM-co-Kriging模型相比较,PSO-GLM-coKriging插值模型具有更高的精度和更好的模拟效果,消除了多维度产生的复杂度,改善了小尺度范围内的插值效果,3个模型的误差分别为1.25 mm/year,0.70 mm/year,0.47 mm/year。因此,通过PSO-GLM插值模型对形变点空白区的插值模拟,对城关区城镇化的规划建设提供一定的数据和理论支撑。     

基于连接载荷的蠕虫检测技术研究

提出一种基于连接载荷相似度的蠕虫检测方法 ,利用汉明距离计算载荷相似度检测未知蠕虫。与最长公共子串算法相比,这种方法更能减少计算资源消耗。并在此基础上,提出结合粗粒度异常检测和细粒度行为分析的检测系统。进一步排查非蠕虫流量,锁定蠕虫报文组,减少相似度的计算量。实验证明,这种方法能够检测出未知蠕虫。     

基于Skyline视频监控系统研究

视频监控系统能够实时获取监控范围的影像,发现被监控目标的即时状态.2维GIS与视频监控的集成逐步走向成熟,但在可视化效果方面远不如3维GIS.因此,结合Skvline软件中的video On Terrain技术提出了一种3维地面影像视频监控新方案,并设计了地面影像视频监控系统的软硬件框架,分析了音视频编码传输原理和视频控制机制,总结归纳了地面影像视频监控系统的关键技术要求,最后实现了3维地面影像视频监控原型系统.     

土地变更调查掌上系统设计与实现

土地资源是人类生存的重要基础,摸清土地资源现状及时掌握土地变化信息,是进行土地利用总体规划和国土资源宏观决策的依据。为了提高土地变更调查的效率,设计了掌上土地变更调查系统。系统基于PDA将GPS卡、GSM、数码摄像头集成于一体,利用高精度GPSOEM板和GSM实现了GPS实时差分处理,形成一个小型轻便的土地变更调查系统。在WindowsCE环境下,利用eVC编程语言完成了系统的开发,实现了变更图斑测量、GPS数据解算、土地利用现状图更新等功能。从而解决了传统土地变更调查周期长、效率低、精度不高等问题。     

基于信息损失量的坡度精度分析

从DEM中可获取众多地形因子。其中,坡度作为基本的地形因子,其精度对于退耕还林、水土流失评估等研究具有重要影响。但是,由于DEM只能是真实地表形态的近似表达。如何模拟坡度误差的规律成为研究的热点。本文在黄土高原地区选取代表不同地貌类型的神木、绥德、延川、富县和宜君5个研究样区,以1:1万地形图为基本数据源,建立不同分辨率的DEM,用以分析坡度信息损失量随DEM分辨率变化的规律。故此,提出了基于单个栅格方式的坡度信息量损失指标,并在每一样区随机选取的20个子实验样区得到了其与DEM分辨率的函数关系,以及相关的经验公式,据此求得所需的最适宜DEM分辨率,并在每一样区随机地选取16个子样区进行了检验。