ICP测定地质样品中的痕量稀土元素

岩石中痕量稀土元素的含量与配分,是研究岩石成因、形成条件、演化过程以及岩石分类的重要依据,因此要求以痕量级的精密度和准确性来测定稀土元素,用常规方法测定稀土元素是不能满足这个要求的,然而电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法却是目前测定痕量稀土元素中的一种比较理想的手段。     

等离子体直读光谱法同时测定岩石中15个痕量稀土元素

近年来,着地质学科的研究需要,稀土元素的分析手段不断向深度发展。为了制作稀土球粒陨石标准化分布型武图,要求准确测定痕量稀土元素,同时还由于各种岩石的基体变化不一,造岩元素所产生的谱线干扰以及可变的背景干扰都给痕量稀土元素的测定带来困难,所以,一般都需要进行预处理,将岩石的主元素分离,并使稀土元素相对浓缩。     

等离子体直读光谱法同时测定岩石中15个痕量稀土元素

近年来,着地质学科的研究需要,稀土元素的分析手段不断向深度发展。为了制作稀土球粒陨石标准化分布型式图,要求准确测定痕量稀土元素,同时还由于各种岩石的基体变化不一,造岩元素所产生的谱线干扰以及可变的背景干扰都给痕量稀土元素的测定带来困难,所以,一般都需要进行预处理,将岩石的主元素分离,并使稀土元素相对浓缩。 本文介绍的方法是在原来的熔样和阳离子交换树脂分离的基础上,利用Jarrell—Ash1160等离子体多道直读分光计对15个稀土元素进行同时测定。     

发射光谱法测定岩石中十五个痕量稀土元素

岩石中稀土元素的配分可作为地壳、地幔演化的标志,尤其是元素Eu,就是地质时代和物质来源的指示剂。因此,岩石中痕量稀土元素的测定越来越引起地质工作者的关注。     

发射光谱法测定岩石中十五个痕量稀土元素

岩石中稀土元素的配分可作为地壳、地幔演化的标志,尤其是元素Eu,就是地质时代和物质来源的指示剂。因此,岩石中痕量稀土元素的测定越来越引起地质工作者的关注。     

岩石中低量稀土和其他痕量元素的X-荧光光谱测定

用X-荧光光谱测定岩石中低量稀土元素的仪器参数和测定条件,文已作过讨论。本文介绍样品分析所采用的基本校正,谱线重叠校正和背景处理方法,并将这些方法应用于其他少量和痕量元素的测定。     

岩石中低量稀土和其他痕量元素的X-荧光光谱测定

用X-荧光光谱测定岩石中低量稀土元素的仪器参数和测定条件,文[1]已作过讨论。本文介绍样品分析所采用的基本校正,谱线重叠校正和背景处理方法,并将这些方法应用于其他少量和痕量元素的测定。基体的吸收校正岩石样品中最重的主元素是铁,镧系元素La～Er的La线和Ti,Sc,Cr,Mn,Fe,     

稀土元素定量模式简介

火成岩岩石成因研究包括确定岩石性质、源岩的矿物成分和化学成分、源岩熔融过程和岩石形成的物理化学条件,以及同化混染作用、分异作用及流体对岩石的怍用等内容。对这些内容的研究以前多由实验岩石学来承担。近几年来,痕量元素地球化学,包括浠土元素地球化学的进展,使火成岩成因研究工作大大推进了一步。稀土元素定量模式是稀土元素地球     

激光荧光法测定地质样品中痕量铀

作者研制了XPY和XBY两种荧光增强试剂,用于激光荧光法测定地质样品中痕量铀。荧光增强剂不仅对铀有荧光增强作用,而且使测定体系具有较强的抗干扰能力。经验证对岩石样品中的铀的检出下限为0.01ppm。能满足岩石矿物中痕量铀的测定要求。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定井间示踪剂中稀土元素

以甲醇为稀释剂,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定稀土示踪剂中17个稀土元素。研究表明,在优化的稀释剂甲醇浓度为2%(体积分数)、pH<2.47的条件下测定稀土元素,方法精密度(RSD)为1.23%~2.83%,日间6次测定的精密度为2.25%~4.76%,各稀土元素线性关系良好,检出限为2.0~9.0 ng/L;17个稀土元素的加标回收率为85%~108%,满足痕量元素分析要求。     

广州地区蔬菜生产基地有机污染物含量状况及分布

为了解广州地区蔬菜基地有机污染物的分布情况,选取了6个代表性基地进行调查采样,测试分析了表层土壤、蔬菜及灌溉水中15种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)化合物、16种多环芳烃(PAHs)化合物和19种有机氯农药(OCPs)化合物的质量分数及质量浓度.结果表明:在15种PAEs化合物的总质量分数(w(ΣPAEs))中,土壤样品为158.0~4 321.0 ng/g,蔬菜样品为1 134.0~48 576.0 ng/g;水样中15种PAEs化合物的总质量浓度(ρ(ΣPAEs))为632.0~14 271.0 ng/L;就单个化合物而言,以DiBP、DBP、DEHP三种污染物为主,其三项之和占所有PAEs质量分数的97.5%~99.1%;在16种PAHs化合物的总质量分数(w(ΣPAHs))中,土壤样品为28.48~1 121.96 ng/g,蔬菜样品为238.09~1 000.61 ng/g;水样中16种PAHs化合物的总质量浓度(ρ(ΣPAHs))为338.21~1 239.78 ng/L;在19种OCPs化合物的总质量分数(w(ΣOCPs))中,土壤为0.04~71.28 ng/g,蔬菜为1.08~9.18 ng/g.总体上看,各基地土壤中DBP质量分数均超标,多环芳烃类在灵山、花东、黄埔菜地土壤中存在轻微污染,有机氯农药均未出现污染.     

Trace Determination of Strontium and Barium in River Waters by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry Using an Ultrasonic Nebulizer

Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry in conjunction with an ultrasonic nebulizer was employed for the determination of Sr and Ba in river waters at parts per billion (μg l⁻¹) levels without pre-concentration. The ultrasonic nebulizer, equipped with a desolvation system, enhanced the analytical sensitivity by ten to twenty fold compared to conventional pneumatic nebulizers. The detection limits for Sr and Ba, ascertained from blanks and reference samples made in 0.05% NaCl solution, were 0.045 μg l⁻¹ and 0.16 μg l⁻¹ respectively. The accuracy of measurements, based on analyses of solutions of reference materials (G-2 and W-1) and multielement commercial standards (Merck®), was ± 10%. Replicate analyses of samples and reference samples showed measurement precision to be to be better than ± 5%, which is adequate considering that the concentration of Sr and Ba in river waters varies by one to two orders of magnitude.     

Fluoride pollution in soils and waters of Koohbanan region, southeastern Iran

Dental fluorosis occurs because of fluoride over-absorption during tooth calcification and maturation. We studied fluoride concentration in water and soil samples of the Koohbanan region in Kerman province of southeastern Iran and the effects of calcium chloride and gypsum treatments in decreasing the amount of fluoride in water samples of this region. The results indicate that the high amount of fluoride in the water samples of Koohbanan region is not in agreement with the recommended amount of fluoride concentration for drinking water by World Health Organization (that is 1–1/5 mg/l). Applying calcium chloride and gypsum treatments decreased the amount of fluoride in the water samples showing that utilizing calcium chloride (6 mg/l) or gypsum (12 mg/l) can lower the fluoride concentration in the water samples of Koohbanan, and thus solve the observed dental fluorosis problem.     

A Study on the Formation of Smectite in Silica Scales Precipitated from Geothermal Water: The Effect of Magnesium

Abstract. Silica scales containing large amounts of smectite were recently found in the pipelines for geothermal water at a geothermal power plant. To elucidate the mechanism of smectite formation, seven silica scale samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis and ²⁷A1 MAS NMR. Smectite was present in samples with MgO levels above 10 wt% and Al₂O₃ levels below 10 wt%. In ²⁷A1 MAS NMR spectra, peaks assigned to both tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated aluminum (Al(4) and Al(6)) were observed for Mg-rich samples, whereas a peak due to Al(4) alone appeared in Mg-poor samples. From these observation and comparison between ²⁷A1 MAS NMR spectra for synthesized precipitates of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ containing MgO and not containing MgO, it is concluded that magnesium plays an important role in the stabilization of Al(6), and results in the formation of smectite     

Levels of organochlorine pesticides residues in meat

Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (Lindane, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan, DDT and DDE) residues in beef samples from the Kumasi and Buoho abattoirs in Ghana were determined using gas chromatography. Organochlorine residues were found in all the samples. The average concentration of lindane in beef fat samples from Kumasi was 4.03 μg/kg and 1.79 μg/kg in beef fat from Buoho. The average levels of lindane were 2.07 μg/kg for lean meat samples from Kumasi abattoir and 0.60 μg/kg in lean meat samples from Buoho. Endosulfan concentration in meat samples from Buoho was 2.28 μg/kg in the fat and 0.59 μg/kg in the lean beef. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-dichlorodiphenyl)ethylene (DDE) recorded mean concentrations of 118.45 μg/kg in beef fat and 42.93 μg/kg in lean beef samples from Kumasi abattoir. Beef samples from Buoho had DDE concentration of 31.89 μg/kg in the fat and 5.86 μg/ kg in the lean beef. 1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2-bis-(4′-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) recorded an average concentration of 545.22 μg/kg in beef fat and 18.85 μg/kg in lean beef samples from Kumasi abattoir. The average concentration of DDT in beef fat from Buoho was 403.82 μg/kg but lean meat samples from the same sampling site recorded mean concentration of 10.82 μg/kg for DDT. Although, most of the organochlorine residues detected were below the maximum limits set by the FAO/WHO, bioaccumulation of these residues is likely to pose health problems in higher organisms like human beings.     

Multi-Element Reference Samples of Black Shale

This paper describes the creation of two new reference samples of black shale, SCHS-1 and SLg-1, collected in the Bodaibo Region of Irkutsk District (Siberia, Russia). These samples have been developed as State Standard Samples to meet the requirements of Russia's Normative Documents, so that they can be recognised by the Russian State Certification Agency and included on the State Register of certified reference materials. SCHS-1 was produced from shale of the Khomolkho suite; SLg-1 represents the average composition of the Sukhoy Log gold deposit (within Au mineralisation). The homogeneity was assessed by applying the concept of potential inhomogeneity, and the inhomogeneity uncertainties (σ_inhom) for the indicator elements that were estimated experimentally by silicate XRF analysis. It was found that a majority of the indicator elements was characterised by σ_inhom/Δ_p < 1/8 (Δ_p is the permissible certification uncertainty), and so σ_inhom was neglected for the indicator elements and all other elements that were included in their respective group. The value of σ_inhom calculated for Fe (σ_inhom,Fe/Δ_p > 1 /8) was taken into consideration for the noble metals and their associated elements (e.g., Ag, As, Au, etc.). More than fifty laboratories (thirty-seven from Russia) were involved in the interlaboratory experiment (ILE) to analyse these reference samples. The data obtained from the ILE allowed SCHS-1 and SLg-1 to be certified for, fifty-one and forty-three elements, respectively, as State Standard Samples.     

深圳大沙河河水与海水关系的水文化学识别

为了解深圳沿岸河口处海水与河水的混合关系,在大沙河下游靠近河口段密集取17件河水样,依据其水化学数据,分析了主要离子Ca、Mg、Na、K、SO4、HCO3与Cl的关系,Br与Cl的关系以及piper三线图解,在研究区河段从上游至入海口,对河水样品有如下认识:(1)上游4个样品(Cl<100mg/L)接受降水和地下水的补给;(2)4个样品(150mg/L     

热失重分析中烧失率的地质意义初探——以海拉尔盆地贝38井南屯组一段泥岩为例

海拉尔盆地贝38井南屯组一段20块泥岩样品中出现5块烧失率异常,其烧失率达8.812%～18.770%,为其它样品的2～4倍。对异常样品作进一步烧失试验:0～400℃区间,烧失强度都较低,说明粘土矿物的吸附水、层间水及有机质的可溶烃含量都较少;400～500℃区间有2块样品的烧失强度明显异常,表明其有机质含量明显偏高;500～950℃区间,另2块样品的烧失强度特别高,这是由于其中的伊利石结构水脱失所致。该地层的微量元素Cu/Zn、Sr/Ba、V/Ni和常量元素Mn/Ti、MnO2随深度的变化与烧失率曲线有极好的相关性。烧失率异常可指示氧化—还原环境或水体深浅变化以及判别水体的盐度。     

北祁连东段景泰地区下古生界两套砂岩微量元素和稀土元素特征及其构造意义

早奥陶世和早志留世是北祁连加里东造山带构造演化和盆地转变的关键时期。在造山带东段景泰地区,下奥陶统阴沟组和下志留统肮脏沟组两套砂岩的微量元素和稀土元素特征显示,阴沟组杂砂岩样品（Cj1和Cj3）具有最小的Eu/Eu*及最大的Th/Sc和REE,肮脏沟组杂砂岩具有较小的Eu/Eu*和较大的Th/Sc及REE;阴沟组岩屑砂岩样品（Cj13、Cj15和Cj18）具有最大的Eu/Eu*及最小的Th/Sc、REE和La/Yb。多个物源、构造背景判别图解和多元素蛛网图分析表明,阴沟组杂砂岩样品具大陆边缘的构造背景,主要物源为大陆上地壳再旋回沉积物和长英质岩石;岩屑砂岩样品为岛弧构造背景,以中基性安山质岩石为主要物源,可能受陆源物质的微弱影响。肮脏沟组杂砂岩构造背景复杂,表现出大陆岛弧、活动陆缘和被动陆缘三种环境共存的特点,受中基性火山弧物质、长英质岩石和再旋回沉积岩的混合物源的影响。两套砂岩的元素特征表明二者可能具有相似的源区。阴沟组杂砂岩源区可能为阿拉善地块南缘海原群变沉积岩或其他相似的陆源再旋回沉积物,砂岩碎屑以来自初始火山弧物质为主,以石灰沟岛弧型中基性火山岩作为其源岩最合适。阴沟组形成于初始弧后盆地环境,是岛弧活动的直接记录。肮脏沟组可能的源岩为阿拉善地块南缘海原群变沉积岩和中高等成熟度的石灰沟岛弧型火山岩及海原群岛弧型变火山岩,沉积于弧后前陆盆地,对构造环境的反映存在滞后性。     

Speciation Analysis for Iodine in Groundwater Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS)

Methods based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) for iodine speciation analysis are described. Experiments were performed relating to iodine species, preservative medium and time. The concentration and pH of the buffer are also discussed in relation to separation efficiency. The developed methods allowed the fast and sensitive determination of iodine species with detection limits of 0.025 μg l⁻¹ (as 1) for both iodide and iodate with < 5% relative standard deviation (RSD) for 50 nmol l⁻¹. Attempts were made to quantify total organo-iodine by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). By way of example, a number of groundwater samples were analysed by these methods, revealing that iodide is the main iodine species in the sampled waters, but that high concentrations of organo-iodine compounds were observed in some samples as well. In summary, the total concentration and the dominant species of iodine in aquatic freshwater environments is easily and accurately measured using this new method.