穿山半岛北侧近岸"回流"现象的二维数值模拟

通过对穿山半岛北部海域定点潮流观测及表层海流漂流迹线跟踪资料的分析,螺头水道南侧的流场可分为3个流区:即主槽的主流区、靠近岸线的回流区及岬角之间的次生回流区,各流区的流场呈现不同特点.基于实测资料,采用正交曲线网格建立了二维潮流数值模型,对研究区的"回流"现象和"次生回流"现象进行了模拟,模拟结果显示:研究区流场模拟计...     

基于Maplnfo数据格式在GIS应用环境下等值线综合方法实现

等值线构建是GIS开发、数字地图绘制重要的研究内容之一。重点讨论了基于Maplnfo数据格式在GIS应用环境下等值线综合方法的实现，首先根据高程采样点跟踪等高线通过点，再利用五点光滑法、正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法以及MapX提供的光滑方法对等值线通过点进行光滑处理，从而绘制出光滑度好、准确美观的等值线，同时发现MapX所提供的光滑方法可能利用的就是正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法。通过大量的数据验证了绘制的正确性。     

基于MapInfo数据格式在GIS应用环境下等值线综合方法实现

等值线构建是G IS开发、数字地图绘制重要的研究内容之一。重点讨论了基于M apInfo数据格式在G IS应用环境下等值线综合方法的实现,首先根据高程采样点跟踪等高线通过点,再利用五点光滑法、正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法以及M apX提供的光滑方法对等值线通过点进行光滑处理,从而绘制出光滑度好、准确美观的等值线,同时发现M apX所提供的光滑方法可能利用的就是正轴抛物线加权平均光滑法。通过大量的数据验证了绘制的正确性。     

海胆标志方法的研究进展

分析研究几种比较有影响的海胆标志方法,讨论各种标志方法的优缺点。较理想的外部标志方法是尼龙螺丝钉标志法,适用于海胆的行为研究;较理想的内部标志方法是PIT标志法,适用于海胆的生长研究,但在海胆标志放流等群体研究中注射四环素标志法较为实用。     

红鳍东方鲀精子形态的研究

实验研究红鳍东方精子形态的超微结构：红鳍东方精子分头部和尾部等两部分。头部似炮弹状,无顶体;核内有空隙,空隙中有或无少量电子致密小颗粒;细胞膜与核膜间的原生质有向外鼓起的单个小液泡;中心粒复合体位于植入窝内,由近端中心粒、中心粒间体和基体等组成。袖套位于核后端,内含７～８个环列的线粒体球。尾部近核端部分鞭毛的一侧有小囊泡群聚的囊泡鞘;远核端部分有侧鳍;囊泡鞘和侧鳍与轴丝的中央微管同在“Ｙ”轴上;轴丝为“９＋２”结构。     

A temperature gradient column for the rapid measurement of the density of brines

A vertical temperature-gradient column for measuring the density of brine is described. The column is filled with a liquid which is immiscible with the brine and in which a brine droplet comes to rest at a point where its own density matches that of the medium. This method has been used for determination of the density profiles in the interstitial waters of sediment cores from the bottom of the Dead Sea and for other density measurements where rapidity and ease of measurement was required.     

岩虫消化管组织学、组织化学和超微结构的初步研究

运用光学显微镜、透射电镜和组织化学方法初步研究了岩虫（Marphysa sanguinea）消化管的组织结构和消化酶的分布。结果显示：岩虫消化管呈长直管状,可分为口咽腔、食道、肠和后肠。组织化学研究表明食道粘膜层固有层有分泌酸性粘多糖、中性粘多糖和混合粘多糖3种粘液细胞;肠及消化盲囊的上皮细胞游离端及顶部胞质均检测到碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和酯酶的活性。透射电镜显示食道粘膜固有层的粘液细胞可分为含低电子密度颗粒、高电子密度颗粒和电子透明颗粒3种。肠和消化盲囊绒毛发达,上皮细胞表面具丰富微绒毛,游离端细胞质中可见酶原颗粒、吞饮小泡、丰富的粗面内质网及溶酶体。肠纤毛沟由纤毛柱状上皮细胞组成,带环状横纹的纤毛小根插入细胞内部,纤毛小根之间散布着丰富的线粒体、溶酶体等结构。     

Characteristics of the variability of the surface temperature in the Atlantic Ocean on various spatial-temporal scales

The behaviour of various characteristics of the temperature variability such as gradients and dispersions versus the scales of spatial and temporal averaging is studied on the basis of data contained in the facsimile charts of the sea surface temperature (SST). The approximating relationships which permit us to establish the connection between these characteristics on various spatial-temporal scales are developed for the characteristics of the SST variability. A correspondence between the scales of spatial-temporal averaging which results in identical variations of the gradients and the spatial-temporal dispersions of the SST field is revealed.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

On the mathematical description of fine structure under the conditions of weak variability

The idea of the weak variability of the fields is introduced, which means that when they are recorded by some measuring instrument (MI), the output signal obtains increments of the order of one/several quanta of sensitivity at the discreteness interval. At small scales (microstructure), this field is described in terms of random discrete values which reflect the properties of both the field measured and the MI. Theoretical relationships which define the probabilities of increments at the compound intervals in terms of the probabilities of increments at the sampling intervals, are derived for the case of independent random increments at the sampling intervals of discreteness. The validity of this model is illustrated by respective computations using data of microstructure measurements of the temperature profile in the main thermocline in the Sargasso Sea.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Numerical study of the Subtropical Front and the Subtropical Countercurrent

Using a multi-level numerical model, it is shown that the Subtropical Front and the Subtropical Countercurrent can be reproduced realistically in a highly idealized model, as a consequence of the coupling effect of wind driven gyre circulation and differential heating. In the model, the North Pacific Ocean is idealized as a rectangular flat-bottomed model ocean, and is driven by wind stress, which features the Westerlies and the Trades, and by heat flux through the sea surface formulated after Haney (1971).In the model ocean, a shallow front and an eastward current associated with the front are formed around the central latitude of the Subtropical Gyre, which show close similarities to the Subtropical Front and the Subtropical Countercurrent in the real ocean.Although the detailed mechanism of formation of the Subtropical Front and the Subtropical Countercurrent is not clarified in the present study, two factors are found inessential for the formation of the Subtropical Front and the Subtropical Countercurrent. First, the results of the model indicate that a small trough of wind stress curl in the lower latitudes of the Subtropical Gyre, which Yoshida and Kidokoro (1967a, b) attributed to the Subtropical Countercurrent, is not necessary for the formation of the Subtropical Front and the Subtropical Countercurrent, since they are reproduced well in the model without the trough. Second, using a model driven by meridional wind stress, it is shown that the meridional Ekman convergence, which many authors related to the Subtropical Front, is not essential for the formation of the Subtropical Front and the Subtropical Countercurrent.     

Deep structure of the Moscow Aulacogene in the western part of Moscow

Geological and geomorphological studies of the Moscow Aulacogene in the western part of Moscow suburbs have been conducted. This deep structure has been studied by microseismic sounding. The resulting section presents the faults which frame the Teplostanskii Graben in the south (Ramenskii or Butovskii, expressed on the surface as a ledge in the relief) and in the north (Pavlovo-Posadskii, being traced on the surface as a series of lineaments and the valley of Setun’ River). The position of the surface Archean-Lower Proterozoic crystalline basement within the limits of the graben and within the limits of buried elevated blocks (Krasnogorskii and Tumsk-Shaturskii) frame it in the north and south, respectively. Additionally, another fault has been identified in the central part of the graben: the Solntsevskii fault, which has a north-western course and which separates the deflection of the basement in two blocks that are sunken in a slightly different degree. The low-velocity horizons of the Riphean-Vendian complex which make up the graben at depths of 2 to 4.5 km have been found. Down to depths of 15 km, as a component of the upper crust, the graben is underlain by a high-velocity material which also forms the upper part of the section of the crystalline basement in the neighboring elevated block. A low-velocity block of the lithosphere is located in the larger (northern) part of the graben deeper (down to 40 km) beneath the zones of Pavlovo-Posadskii and Solntsevskii faults; in the southern part there is a high-velocity block. In the fault zones framing the graben in the north and south, the surface layer and soil displays a flow of juvenile hydrogen and helium which exceeds several tenfold the background values. According to the collected data, the Teplostanskii Graben has roots traceable through the entire crust and penetrating into the upper mantle.     

黄河口粉质土矿物成分特征及对水动力条件响应的研究

黄河三角洲潮坪上构筑的道路使得道路两侧水动力条件出现差异。在道路两侧各选典型区域,取样进行X-ray衍射物相分析,概略分析潮坪沉积物的矿物成分及含量对水动力条件响应的变化,发现了强水动力环境使沉积物中碎屑矿物含量增大,黏土矿物含量减小,非均匀性增大的规律,此规律在表层沉积物中更为明显。     

东海北部营养盐分布的季节变化及成因探讨

基于美国国家海洋大气管理局(NOAA)2007年发布的全球海域营养盐数据库资料和美国国家地球物理数据中心(NGDC)2006年发布的全球地貌数据库资料,在MATLAB计算机平台上,利用研发的数值分析与成图技术,对东海北部海域营养盐分布的季节变化特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)东海北部海域NO3--N、PO43--P分布总特征为由沿岸向离岸递减,由表层向底层递增;西北高,东南低,呈扇形向东南扩展;SiO3--Si有两个浓度高值区,一个为研究区域的西北角,另一个在东北角;(2)在0~50 m的表层营养盐平均浓度均是冬季最高;50~200 m的中层NO3--N、SiO3--Si夏季最高;200 m以下的底层四季变化微弱,其中400~500m层PO43--P、SiO3--Si浓度值秋季最高。NO3--N变异系数表层最大,PO3--P中层最大、SiO3--Si底层最大,其中NO3--N相应各层变异系数大于PO43--P、SiO3--Si;(3)研究区域四季均存在高营养盐水团。高PO43--P、SiO3--Si水团中心分别位于125.5°E、30.5°N和128.5°E、30.5°N;高NO3--N水团中心,随冬-春-夏-秋、从南往东北再向西、最后向东南,在125°~128°E、29°~31°N范围内移动。     

On the problem of the formation of the Greenland sea convective gyre

The transformation of the interfaces of a rotating three-layer fluid is described through a simple hydrodynamic model using the shallow-water approximation. Using the Greenland sea gyre as an example, it is shown that a cyclonic circulation results in the oncoming deflection of the upper and lower layers, which favours the development of deep convection.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷黄流组物源特征

物源分析作为岩相-古地理研究的前提和基础,物源体系决定了砂体的展布和储集性能。为明确中央峡谷体系黄流组储集体展布规律及下一步勘探方向,本文应用中央峡谷最新钻井资料,采用重矿物组合、锆石U-Pb测年等分析方法,结合地震反射特征,对中央峡谷黄流组物源体系特征进行分析。地震反射特征表明来自海南隆起和昆嵩隆起物源的三角洲体系,通过二次搬运沉积了陆架斜坡区和盆底的低位海底扇,为中央峡谷的沉积充填提供了充足的粗碎屑沉积物;新钻井黄流组样品中重矿物组合以白钛矿、石榴石、磁铁矿含量较高为主要特征,与莺歌海盆地受蓝江物源影响和琼东南盆地受丽水-秋滨河物源影响的地层重矿物组合相似;锆石U-Pb测年分析表明,中央峡谷黄流组地层中样品年龄图谱具有30~2 000Ma变化范围,与莺歌海盆地受昆嵩隆起物源影响的钻井以及越南现代河流采集的沙样具有非常一致的年龄段和丰度。综上所述,中央峡谷受多物源的影响,越南昆嵩隆起为主的琼东南盆地西部物源体系,是琼东南盆地乐东凹陷晚中新世深水扇以及中央峡谷粗碎屑物质的主要沉积物供给来源区。     

北黄海海域大气湍流强度特征及风速标准差相似性分析

根据国家海洋局"908"专项北黄海海区海洋气象观测资料,计算了2007～2008年间该海区4个不同季节的大气湍流强度并与其他海区及陆地下垫面大气湍流值相比较.北黄海海区大气湍流强度量级为10-2,比陆地下垫面大气湍流强度低一个量级.由于海洋的特殊性质,对秋季大气湍流强度日变化的分析发现,在大气湍流强度的影响因素中,海洋的热力作用相对较大.对水平方向风速标准差是否满足Monin-Obukhov相似关系进行了探讨,数据显示,在不稳定层结下冬季水平方向无量纲风速标准差与Z/L的关系,基本满足1/3次方律.秋冬在不稳定层结下垂直方向风速标准差满足Monin-Obukhov相似理论.     

Kinematics of the bottom of the Eurasia Basin near the Spitsbergen domain

Prior to extension of the lithosphere in the Eurasia Basin, the Yermak Plateau was an element of the Eurasian Arctic margin. Extension of the Barents Sea shelf culminated gradually in rifting of the continental crust with separation of this block from the continent during Chrons C25r?C26n (57.656?59.237 Ma ago) and emplacement of numerous basic dikes, which could be responsible for the formation of high-amplitude magnetic anomalies on the Yermak Plateau. The investigation included reconstruction of axes in the breakup zones along peripheral continental fragments of Spitsbergen with determination of the Euler poles and angles of rotation, which describe the kinematics of this process. It is revealed that the difference between depths of conjugate isobaths can be as large as many tens of meters, which reflects the nonuniformly scaled slide of peripheral areas of the continental crust along the plane of the crustal-penetrating fault and, correspondingly, their different subsidence during rifting.     

Computational algorithm for the evaluation of inclinations of the level in the problems of the dynamics of basins

We develop a method for the evaluation of inclinations of the level, which enables one to find them with high accuracy. The reliability of this method is tested by comparing the numerical solutions for inclinations of the level with analytic expressions. It is shown that the system of coupled equations for inclinations of the level can be decomposed into two independent equations with sufficiently high accuracy. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

论海水养殖的养殖容量

养殖容量应是一个包含环境、生态和经济等诸多因素的综合概念。养殖容量可定义为：单位水体内在保护环境、节约资源和保证应有效益等各个方面都符合可持续发展要求的最大养殖量。合理地利用养殖容量就是要形成一个结构优化和功能高效的养殖生态系统,使所投入的物质得到反复循环、初级生产力得到多途径利用,从而提高生产效益和养殖效益,避免物质的浪费及自身和环境的污染。从养殖生态系统运转的驱动因素来分析,主要靠太阳辐射直接提供能源的系统,如海带养殖系统、扇贝筏式养殖系统等,可称为自养型或自然营养型养殖系统;主要靠人工投饲来提供能源的系统,如对虾池塘养殖系统、吃食性鱼类网箱养殖系统等,可称为异养型或人工营养型养殖系统。这两类养殖系统在生态学上有很多互补性,它们的复合可提高养殖水体的养殖容量。     

黄河水下三角洲沉积物在循环荷载作用下土体中孔压变化实验研究

利用室内周期循环加载试验 ,对黄河水下三角洲土体中孔隙水压力的变化加以测定 ,通过对波浪水槽试验和动三轴试验 2种方案所获数据分析认为黄河水下三角洲土体 (粉土、粘质粉土、粉质粘土 )存在一破坏的循环极限荷载。在小于此极限循环荷载作用情况下 ,土体中孔隙水压力总体呈现下降趋势 ,没有积累升高的过程 ,不同于砂土在循环荷载作用下孔隙水压力升高导致液化的情况。这一现象对判别黄河水下三角洲土体破坏机制的研究有重要意义。