天水市环境问题及防治对策

通过对天水市滑坡、泥石流、洪涝灾害和水资源匮缺、水质污染等环境地质问题的分析,针对存在的环境地质问题提出了防治对策.     

中国主要城市环境地质调查评价

中国正处在快速城镇化发展时期,强烈的人类工程活动已经成为一种十分重要的作用力,对城市地质环境产生显著影响。在特殊的城市地质环境背景下,引发了不同程度的环境地质问题和地质灾害,诸如地下水资源衰减．地下水污染、地面沉降、地面塌陷、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等,严重制约城市经济和社会的可持续发展。本文初步总结了目前中国主要城市存在的环境地质问题和地质灾害,以及近年来开展的全国主要城市环境地质调查评价的进展和未来工作部署。     

三门峡市地质灾害发育特征与防治对策研究

文章着重论述了三门块市地震、地面变形、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土壤侵蚀、地方病等主要地质灾害发育现状；分析它们发生和发展的地质环境背景。包括自然地理、地质地貌、构造、水文地质、工程地质条件，并对人类经济活动引起的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土壤侵蚀发展趋势、地面变形等问题进行了预测。在此基础上，提出了对主要地质灾害采取的防治对策和建议。     

三门峡市地质灾害发育特征及防治对策研究

本文着重论述了区内地震、地面变形、崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土壤侵蚀、地方病等主要地质灾害发育现状；分析了它们发生和发展的地质环境背景。包括自然地理、地质地貌、构造、水文地质、工程地质条件，并对人类经济活动引起的崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、土壤侵蚀发展趋势、地面变形等问题进行了预测。在此基础上，提出了对主要地质灾害采取的防治对策和建议。     

云南德钦县地质灾害特征分析及防治对策

云南省德钦县位于青藏高原南延部位横断山纵谷地带,地质构造复杂,地质环境条件脆弱,是云南省滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害危害最严重的地区之一。在搜集和了解德钦县地质环境的基础上,对该县进行了全面的野外地质灾害调查,查明了该地区滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和不稳定斜坡等,主要地质灾害的分布及特征。针对德钦县的实际情况,提出地质灾害防治的若干建议,为该县的地质灾害防治和促进该地区的经济社会可持续发展提供科学依据。     

基于虹口地区区域构造稳定对地质灾害发展趋势研究

研究区域属于国家级自然生态保护区,旅游资源丰富,但泥石流、崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害易发,对地质灾害发展趋势研究是必要的。本文结合区域地质构造条件,分析区域构造稳定性对地质灾害的影响;采用现场实地踏勘、卫星航片及无人机等技术调查区域内地质灾害分布;对地质灾害点进行观测和访问,调查当地居民活动对地质环境的改造,对地质灾害活动痕迹进行观测,确定地质灾害引发因素;从区域地质条件、基本环境条件和诱发因素等方面建立区域内泥石流、崩塌、滑坡三类地质灾害发展趋势的评价指标体系,采用实地调查打分法获得各评价指标权重,结合信息法对各影响因子进行加权叠加分析得综合得分,评判泥石流、崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害发展趋势。本研究方法能够圈定严重威胁地质灾害区域,为预防地质灾害提供指导。     

安徽太湖县地质灾害特征及其危险性评价

太湖县地处安徽省西南部、大别山区南缘,地质条件复杂,地形切割较大,山体陡峭,岩石风化强烈,加上人类工程活动活跃,降雨集中,在很大程度上改变了原有的地质环境条件,在内外动力作用下,导致该地区存在或者发育多种地质环境问题,如水土流失、矿山环境问题和滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等.其中滑坡、崩塌和泥石流等是这一地区较为严重的地质环境问题,因地质灾害而造成的经济损失较为严重.本文分析了县域内地质灾害发育特征、分布规律及地质灾害形成条件,对该区地质灾害危险性进行了分区评价,并就如何加强地质灾害防治提出了建议.     

GOCAD技术在城市环境地质评价中的应用

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,很多城市产生了一系列的环境地质问题,如地震、滑坡、泥石流,地面沉降和洪水等,如何尽快进行全面环境地质调查工作,以避免不断的环境地质灾害给人们生命财产造成的严重损失,已经越来越迫切.而三维地质建模技术是近年来逐渐成熟起来的一项先进的计算机技术,将三维地质建模技术应用于城市环境地质调查能够更直观和方便地展示城市环境地质调查的成果,并能根据需要揭露相关的地层,加速其信息化的进程.     

北京市地质环境质量综合评价

本文选取山区泥石流、崩塌、滑坡、地面塌陷等突发性地质灾害,以及平原区地面沉降、地裂缝和活动断裂等缓变性地质环境问题,作为北京市地质环境质量影响因素。从城市工程地质学观点出发,首先制定各单灾种危险性评价标准,再叠加各因素进行地质环境综合分区评价,将北京市地质环境质量划分为良好、较差和差区。并结合城市规划与防治措施,分析各区地质环境特征及功能规划,为北京市城市规划提供科学依据。     

云南省云龙县地质灾害调查与评价

云龙县地处横断山脉中段,地势险峻,地质环境条件复杂,滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害频繁。该文根据地质灾害防治规划成果,总结了灾害的危害、分布特征、形成条件和影响因素,并提出了防治对策。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861