我国首次发现的硅钾铀矿

硅钾铀矿属罕见的次生铀矿物,1986年我国首次发现于甘肃龙首山铀矿床氧化。带。对该矿物进行了多种测试工作。矿物为层状结构的铀酰硅酸盐矿物。晶胞参数a=6.62,b=7.03,c=7.06,β=105.2°。化学式:(K_(0·58) Na_(0·33)0.91(H_3O)[UO_2SiO_4]·0.8H_2O     

赣南五里亭岩体晶质铀矿中铀离子价态及岩浆氧逸度计算

晶质铀矿是花岗岩中广泛产出的副矿物,其铀离子价态的变化及比例关系,对于岩浆氧逸度具有一定的指示意义。笔者利用硅酸盐熔浆中U~(6+)-U~(4+)的平衡关系,推导出花岗岩副矿物——晶质铀矿的氧逸度计热力学计算方程,以及氧逸度(f O2)、温度(T)和不同价态铀离子比值(U~(6+)/U~(4+))的对数关系。以赣南五里亭花岗岩体为例,借助X射线光电子能谱分析,获得U~(6+)与U~(4+)的比例关系(U~(6+)/U~(4+)=0.30～0.46);利用晶质铀矿氧逸度计热力学方程,计算出该岩体形成时的平均氧逸度(为FMQ+0.58)。在温度(T)与氧逸度(lg f O2)协变图中,该结果靠近矿物反应缓冲线(FMQ),显示岩浆为弱还原性。因此,晶质铀矿U~(6+)/U~(4+)氧逸度计算结果能够代表岩浆源区的氧逸度特征,可作为常规氧逸度计算方法的一种有效补充。     

诸广山岩体南部中段花岗岩晶质铀矿标型特征的探讨

本文以花岗岩的副矿物组合类型为基础,从剖析晶质铀矿的晶形标型入手,探讨了诸广山岩体南部中段花岗岩晶质铀矿的标型特征。花岗岩的副矿物组合类型不同,晶质铀矿的产出特点以及某些矿物学特征也存在差异。晶质铀矿的含量、产状、粒度、晶形、晶胞参数及含氧系数等可反映出岩浆中的铀浓度、U~(4 )和UO_2~(2 )所占份额、氧逸度特点及其变化趋势的定性信息。     

四川米易海塔地区粗粒晶质铀矿氧逸度计算及其意义北大核心CSCD

晶质铀矿是一种副矿物,在花岗岩中广泛产出。铀离子价态变化和比值对岩浆氧逸度,有一定的指示意义。本次研究以四川米易海塔地区混合岩中石英质脉体中的粗粒晶质铀矿为研究对象,借助X射线粉晶衍射和X射线光电子能谱测试两种方法,分析样品铀元素价态变化以及对氧逸度的指示意义。X射线粉晶衍射获得样品主要成分为晶质铀矿和少量石英,样品的晶胞参数分别为0.5487 nm和0.5441 nm,计算其含氧系数分别为2.00和2.23。X射线光电子能谱测试分析得到,样品中四价铀的峰值结合能介于380.15~380.46 eV,半峰宽介于1.93~1.94 eV;六价铀的峰值结合能介于381.49~381.98 eV,半峰宽介于1.51~1.92 eV,U^(6+)/U^(4+)比值介于(U^(6+)/U^(4+)=0.13~0.31)。氧逸度热力学计算得到米易海塔地区粗粒晶质铀矿形成时的氧逸度(lgfo_(2))介于-22.12~-21.36。依据近似温度和计算出的氧逸度值,做lgfo_(2)-T协变曲线图。米易海塔地区粗粒晶质铀矿形成时的氧逸度投图数据结果落入FMQ平衡线之上,较为接近MH平衡线。可以推测米易海塔地区与粗粒晶质铀矿共生的石英脉形成时为还原环境。     

新矿物—盈江铀矿

新矿物产于云南盈江县的一个铀矿点氧化带,与多种铀矿物共生。该矿物为致密状集合体,黄色,透明至半透明。斜方晶系,空间群C222_1,晶胞参数a=13.73(1),b=15.99(1),c=17.33(2);V=3804(5);Z=8。计算比重4.17。二轴晶负光性,2V计算=83°,α=1.669;β=1.692;γ=1.710。紫外光照射发弱绿黄色荧光。化学成分UO_376.54,P_2O_511.10,K_2O 2.46,CaO 1.57,ThO 0.51,RE_2O_3 0.45,H_2O 7.37%。矿物化学式为(K_(1-x),Ca_x)(UO_2)_3 (PO_4)_2 (OH)_(1+x)·4H_2O,文中还给出X射线粉晶衍射数据。     

铀矿物在氧化过程中的性状

科罗拉多高原矿石中的铀矿物,铀是以六价铀和四价铀形式出现的。其中多数为六价铀矿物,四价铀矿物在高原地区已知的仅有两种:晶质铀矿(氧化物)和铀石(含氢氧基的硅酸盐)。它们在与其他矿物成分发生有意义反应之前,皆氧化为六价铀。晶体构造分析表明,六价铀无例外地都呈铀酰离子(UO_2~(2+)出现。当在没有五价钒、砷、磷离子存在的条件下,铀酰离子可以形成铀酸碳酸盐或硫酸盐的易溶络合物。而当存在有这些元素的五价阴离子时,别铀酰离子与正磷酸根,正钒酸根,正砷酸根形成不溶的层状化合物。在有利的条件下UO_2~(2+)也可形成不溶的菱釉矿〔U0_2C0_3)或含水铀酰氢氧化物,这些矿物很少在科罗拉多高原发现,相反在其他地区这些矿物则广泛发育。很明显这与高原区的半干燥气候和低的潜水面条件有关。铀也可以呈铀酰硅酸盐形成被固定下来、但在已知的矿物种类中是少见的。本文着重研究那些伴随氧化过程生成的矿物的化学和结晶构造的变化。     

尤碳钙铀矿在我国首次发现

尤碳钙铀矿是一种含钙的铀酰碳酸盐矿物,在我国湖南省首次发现。它产于湖南某花岗岩型热液铀矿床氧化带中,与红铀矿、橙黄铀矿、水丝铀矿、β-硅钙铀矿、纤碳铀矿等共生。矿物为黄色。比重D_(?)=4.0,D_(cal)=4.16。在长波紫外线照射下发污黄绿色弱荧光。二轴晶,负光性。折光率α=1.635,β=1.626,γ=1.505,2V=40°±。斜方晶系。X射线粉晶分析主要强线为8.10(9),7.20(10),3.51(8),3.15(9)。微量化学全分析结果CaO 4.08%,UO_3 74.44%,CO_2 4.29%,H_2O 13.27%。化学式为Ca (UO_2)_3[CO_3](OH)_6·5H_2O。     

302铀矿床成矿物理化学条件、热液来源和运移方向

流体包裹体研究表明,302铀矿床成矿温度210℃左右。矿化在温度降低的过程中发生。成矿期热液的盐度(平均3.02wt.％)相对矿后期(平均2.55wt.％)偏高,而密度(平均0.80g/cm~3)相对矿后期(平均0.90g/cm~3)偏低。热液压力不大,变化在5—30MPa之间。成矿热液富含CO_2和CH_4,为弱碱性(pH=6.97)Ca~(2+)-Na~+-K~+/Cl~--HCO_3~--F~-型富铀(2.2×10~(-3)mol)-热液,铀呈UO_2(CO_3)_2~(2-)的形式运移。氧同位素分析表明,成矿热液来源于大气降水。温度和浓度的空间变化显示热液由南向北、由深部向上部运移,F_6为导矿构造,与其相交的近南北向构造储矿。     

表生带天然水中主要铀存在形式的探讨

本文给出了控制水中铀形式分市的 PH 和配位体浓度参数,对天然水中铀存在形式进行模拟电算,并总结了其分布规律。同时,还指出:在常温常压的氧化条件下,PH>8的天然水中铀通常以UO_2(CO_3)_4~(4-)为主;在50.03～0.5毫克/升时。铀应以 UO_2(HPO_4)_2~(2-)为主;在 PH<5的酸性水中铀依次受 F~-、SO_4~(-2)和∑PO_4浓度的控制,当上述离子小于零态值时,水中铀形式主要是 UO_2~(2 )。     

鄂尔多斯盆地纳岭沟铀矿床铀矿物特征与形成机理

纳岭沟铀矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地北东部,是我国近年发现的一个特大型砂岩铀矿床,铀矿体赋存于中侏罗统直罗组下段河流相砂体中,受古层间氧化带控制,呈板状。铀矿物主要为铀石、沥青铀矿和钛铀矿,其中铀石是最主要的铀矿物。沥青铀矿中w(CaO)较高;铀石中w(UO_2)偏低、w(SiO_2)偏高,w(UO_2)/w(SiO_2)达到1:1.29,远低于正常值;钛铀矿则呈现U低Ti高的特点。根据各铀矿物的形成、富集机理,认为纳岭沟铀矿床在古层间氧化发育阶段赋矿砂体属于酸性环境,SiO_2活度较低,形成铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿。始新世晚期及以后,氧化作用不发育,赋矿砂体被二次还原,岩石地球化学环境由酸性转变为弱碱性,SiO_2活度增大,使早期阶段形成的沥青铀矿转变为铀石。钛铀矿主要是在氧化—还原作用下由含铀溶液中的铀(UO_2~(2+))交代重矿物—钛铁矿中的Fe2+而形成。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861