抓住邢台地震不放的三十年

为纪念邢台地震３０周年，唐山地震２０周年，笔者回顾了在邢台现场十多年工作中对敬爱的周恩来总理亲切号召的体会和许多 重要指示的理解及所走过的科研里程及在地震预报研究中诸多概念的提出和进展，都是在总理精神鼓舞下，强烈的责任感趋势下得到的。     

地震预报可行性的科学与实践问题讨论

唐山地震40周年之际, 回顾我国地震预测预报探索的科学实践历程, 总结其进展, 讨论遇到的科学与实践问题, 展望未来, 这是最好的纪念． 实现地震预报的关键是短临预报, 震前是否有前兆, 是否可以观测到, 是否可应用于预测地震并取得减灾实效, 这都是地震预报探索需要阐明的问题, 即地震预报的可行性研究． 本文主要对地震前兆及其物理基础、 地震能否预测的争论以及观测的重要性等一些重要科学与实践问题进行讨论, 并在此基础上认识到, 地震是有前兆的, 且前兆很复杂, 在充分研究前兆的基础上地震预报是可能的; 此外, 地震预测预报探索需从可行性研究进入更高的探索阶段．      

唐山地震前一次中短期预报的追忆

１９７６年，作者及同事根据地震节线法画出了５个地震危险区，其中Ⅱ区１９７６年４月发生了林格尔６．３级地震。又结合地应力和地磁资料，预测了７－８月份华北北部可能有效较大地震。此文目的是纪念唐山地震２０周年。     

邢台地震二十周年和唐山地震十周年纪念活动简讯

为纪念邢台地震二十周年和唐山地震十周年,河北省地震局决定于今年9月召开邢台地震二十周年和唐山地震十周年纪念会;邢台地区行署和隆尧县政府决定在邢台老震区的隆尧县建立“邢台地震纪念碑”。在唐山地震十周年之际,唐山市政府决定     

汶川地震带来的思考

2008年5月12日汶川发生8.0级大地震,这次地震震级大,有感范围广,破坏性强,救援困难,成为唐山地震以来最惨重的一次地震灾害.这次地震发生后,暴露了我们工作中的诸多问题,值得我们思考.     

唐山地震前地下水位的加速度变化

唐山地震以后,对京津唐地区的地下水位变化,许多同志曾做过广泛的分析研究,但是对其临震特点分析尚少.为此,我们运用二阶差分法计算了震前京津唐地区地下水位的加速度变化.结果表明,多数井孔水位在1976年唐山7.8级地震前1～10天有同步异常现象.这为分析唐山震前地下水位临震异常提供了一种信息,同时给分析地下水位异常提出一种新的方法.     

从"创伤记忆"中活出来——读《悲壮的历程——唐山地震30年写给云年》有感

掩卷之时,油然生出一种久违的、神圣而温暖的呼应。我想说:“非比,你是一位勇者,你的《悲壮的历程》是曾经失败的勇者向世人的告白”。《悲壮的历程唐山地震30年写给云年》,是妻子写给亡夫的一封31万字的长信。信中回顾了1976年唐山大地震前10年和震后30年的专业足迹与心路历程。围绕地震预报这一主题,详述了作者个人的所触,所为,所思,所悟。在唐山地震亲历者和见证人的回忆录和纪实作品中,《悲》书因其主题的敏感,内容的厚重,以及个人视角和叙事形式的独特,受到了特别关注。在2006年唐山地震30周年纪念活动中,媒体关注的热点大都落在“重建…     

唐山地震的地学研究文献目录及分析

收集整理了国内外地球科学期刊上发表的有关1976年唐山7.8级大地震的学术论文目录,并对此参考文献集进行了分类和简单分析,进而展示唐山大地震发生30年来相关学术研究的进展情况,也谨以此文纪念这一历史性地震事件。     

唐山地震的回顾——纪念唐山地震十周年

震惊中外的唐山大地震距今巳经10年了,这次地震夺去了数十万同胞的生命.为了记取这次极其严重的血的教训,10年来我国地震工作者对唐山地震的各个方面进行了反复的总结、研究和探索.很多关心地震工作的同志也不断地提出各种询问,对我国地震预极的科学水平,地震部门在唐山大地震前后所做的工作表示了极大的关切.值此唐山大地震十周年之际,为了缅怀遇难的同胞,重温历史,促进今后的地震工作,同时也向关心我国地震工作的同志们表示一下我们的心意,作为唐山大地震前后地震工作的组织者之一,拟对这次地震前后的工作做一简短回顾,其中也涉及了一些技术及学术问题.一、唐山地震前的几项重要工作和部署     

政府领导 精心设计 严密组织——乌鲁木齐地震减灾模拟演习圆满成功

地震是当今人类面临的重大自然灾害之一,因此,减轻地震灾害已成为一项具有社会性很强的重要工作。为了进一步增加全民的防震减灾意识,,提高抗御地震灾害的综合能力。新疆维吾尔自治区人民政府和国家地震局决定于7月28日(唐山地震十五周年之际),在乌鲁木齐市联合举行地震减灾摸拟演习。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.