三维地质建模及可视化技术在固体矿产储量估算中的应用

将三维GIS技术、三维地质建模及可视化技术与固体矿产储量估算相结合,对于提高储量估算和管理的智能化和自动化水平,具有重要意义.文章提出了一种利用三维地质建模与可视化技术进行固体矿产储量估算的可行性方案.并提出了应用轮廓线进行三维矿体表面建模时尖灭与分支情况处理、带约束的三维矿体表面建模的解决方案.     

三维GIS环境下的地质体可视化和特征分析

地质体的三维可视化建模是三维GIS研究的一个重要方向,具有重要的应用价值.三维GIS环境下的地质体可视化的两个关键方面是地质体的表面模拟和可视化实现,文章介绍了地质体三维可视化的基本框架,以带约束Deluanay剖分法为例阐述了地质体表面模拟的原理和方法,并从取景变换、消隐、光照模型、纹理映射等方面论述了可视化的具体实现方法.最后以西部某铜矿为例,建立了三维可视化地质体模型(一个地层矿体综合模型和一个矿体三维模型),阐述了三维可视化建模的基本过程和方法,并对两个模型进行了地质特征分析.     

江西相山火山盆地三维地质建模的实践与思考

三维地质建模是在地质体空间结构分析的基础上,运用计算机技术,建立可供展示、编辑、计算和输出于一体的数据模型。在江西相山地区地表数字地质填图、深部地球物理勘探、钻探数据分析的基础上,依托GOCAD软件平台建成了5个不同范围、不同数据源的三维地质模型,探索了数字地质填图建模、地质剖面建模和多源数据融合建模3种建模方法。其中数字地质填图建模是很有推广价值的三维建模方法,可以作为地表区域地质填图的一种新型表达方式,也可以作为一种过渡性模型,用作更深层次三维地质调查的工作部署基础和建模约束条件。三维地质建模强调多源数据的有机融合与相互印证,需要地质、物探、信息技术多学科融合,在3D空间里理解所有地质体、地质现象的几何形态和成因关系。     

江西相山火山盆地三维地质建模的实践与思考

三维地质建模是在地质体空间结构分析的基础上,运用计算机技术,建立可供展示、编辑、计算和输出于一体的数据模型。在江西相山地区地表数字地质填图、深部地球物理勘探、钻探数据分析的基础上,依托GOCAD软件平台建成了5个不同范围、不同数据源的三维地质模型,探索了数字地质填图建模、地质剖面建模和多源数据融合建模3种建模方法。其中数字地质填图建模是很有推广价值的三维建模方法,可以作为地表区域地质填图的一种新型表达方式,也可以作为一种过渡性模型,用作更深层次三维地质调查的工作部署基础和建模约束条件。三维地质建模强调多源数据的有机融合与相互印证,需要地质、物探、信息技术多学科融合,在3D空间里理解所有地质体、地质现象的几何形态和成因关系。     

三维地质建模及可视化在固体矿产储量估算中的应用

20世纪90年代以来,随着计算机硬件性能的提高及计算机图形学技术、三维GIS技术和数据库技术的迅猛发展和日渐成熟,在地学领域,以平面图和剖面图为主的传统的地质信息的模拟与表达以及相应的固体矿产储量估算技术已难以满足现代矿山信息化趋势的急切需求,如何提高矿产储量估算和管理的智能化和自动化水平,提高工作效率,具有重要意义.将三维地质建模及可视化技术与固体矿产储量估算相结合,形成先进实用的储量估算系统是目前国内地学信息研究的重要方向之一.本文探讨了基于离散钻孔,应用三维地质建模与可视化技术进行固体矿产资源估算的技术方法和过程.     

基于GIS协同AutoCAD和Google SketchUp的三维地质建模方法研究

现有三维地质建模方法的操作过程十分烦琐、复杂。为降低作业人员的劳动强度,并提高建模的直观性和模型结果的准确性,提出一种基于GIS协同AutoCAD和Google SketchUp的三维地质建模方法。在介绍了GIS结合AutoCAD和Google SketchUp构建三维地层模型的基本原理和工作流程之后,阐述了地质数据的处理和三维地质场景的构建过程,并重点阐述了地层表面的绘制、地层三维体模型的构建和可视化关键技术。最后利用C#语言基于SceneControl组件开发了三维地层模型可视化系统,并对构建的地层模型进行了展示。系列实验结果表明,该建模方法具有简单易学、可操作性强和流程化的特点,是一种非常实用的三维地质建模方法。     

基于Unity3D引擎的三维可视化技术在煤炭地震勘探中的应用

为满足地震勘探报告三维可视化的需要,以Unity3D引擎为开发平台,利用GIS 3D分析及3DS max三维建模,研究应用煤炭地震勘探三维可视化技术,实现三维地质数据体、地质层位(包括断层面)以及复杂地质模型等的三维可视化,实现对三维地质模型的平移、旋转、缩放,以及各种综合立体显示,建立三维环境漫游和三维可视化交互平台,并以动画形式表现出来,形成具有灵活方便使用的可视化系统。     

地统计学方法在复杂金属矿床地质体形态恢复中的应用

三维地质建模及可视化技术的发展为复杂矿床的找矿工作提供了新的机遇与挑战,通过构建地质体三维模型,使得地质矿产勘查开发工作更为便利。本文以姚家岭锌金多金属矿床为研究对象,运用当前国际上比较流行的地统计学方法展开研究。利用地统计学方法对样品数据进行分析并插值生成姚家岭锌金多金属矿床的三维块体模型,由此分析该矿床的空间地质体形态特征及品位的空间分布规律,对原始钻孔数据进行分析并内插生成姚家岭的三维块体模型以及勘探线剖面图,结果表明,这些三维块体模型的空间形态特征、品位分布特征以及剖面图所呈现的矿体特征都与实际较为符合。因此,本文所采用的方法为矿产勘查工作提供了新思路,对地质工作者的圈矿工作也有一定的指导意义。     

基于体素模型的三维显示技术

针对矿产资源勘探数据的特点,研究了适合地质体信息三维可视化的体绘制模型和空间插值算法。基于IDL软件平台,开发了三维数据可视化软件;该软件能够快速、准确地将地质体的物性特征展示出来。最后,以内蒙古某金属矿床钻孔资料为例,对建立的三维可视化方法技术进行了应用检验,取得了较好的应用效果。     

地质三维信息模型研究及其应用

地质三维模型研究与应用在地质构造研究、资源勘探与开发等领域具有十分重要的意义。针对地质勘探等原始离散数据采用UML建立数据静态结构模型,利于GIS空间数据库集中存储管理;根据原始数据的特征,采用矢量层面构模技术建立了三维层面模型,生成地层表面和地层层间实体的连续数据;三维可视化模型采用流行的OpenGL图形技术,实现了原始数据、特征层表面和地质体三维显示与交互式剖切操作等。基于组件开发技术建立了地质三维信息模型系统,成功应用于城市地质勘察三维建模与可视化分析,并指出可在三个层次对此模型进行重用与扩展,具有较高的推广应用价值。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861