“集合预报”主题文献计量分析

<正>一、数据来源及统计方法利用中国知网学术期刊网络出版总库(以下简称CAJD)和ISI Web of Science平台SCI-E数据库,检索统计国内外有关"集合预报"主题论文。采用检索式分别为主题=(集合预报)和TS=("stochastic dynamic forecast*"OR"stochastic dynamic predict*"OR"ensemble forecast*"OR"ensemble predict*")进行检索,学科类别限定为全学科,数据年限选择所有年,文献类型选择论文和综述,检索命中该领域国内和国际论文分别为542篇(检索日期为2014年9月)和1858篇(检索日期为2014年9月)。     

“太阳活动与气候”主题文献计量指标分析

<正>一、数据来源及统计方法本文利用中国知网学术期刊网络出版总库(以下简称CAJD)和ISI Web of Science平台SCI-E数据库,检索统计国内外有关"太阳活动与气候"主题文献。在CAJD数据库中,采用检索式为主题=(("太阳活动"or"太阳变化"or"太阳黑子")and"气候"),学科限定为大气科学类,检索命中文献226篇(检索日期为2014年7月18日)。在SCI-E数据库中,年限选择     

世界气象卫星主题文献计量分析

正一、数据来源及统计方法利用ISI Web of Science平台SCI-E数据库,检索统计国际"气象卫星"主题论文。检索式设定为TS=satellit*。数据年限选择所有年,文献类型选择论文与综述,学科类别限定为气象和大气科学领域,检索日期为2016年1月22日。对上述检出论文的时间分布、发文机构、国家及作者等进行统计。二、统计结果与分析1.论文产出年代分布本次检索命中气象卫星主题论文共23409篇(中国大陆学者参与的为1617篇),其中最早收录的气象卫星主题论文为美国国家气象局     

“中国暴雨”主题文献计量分析

<正>一、数据来源及统计方法本文利用中国知网学术期刊网络出版总库(以下简称CAJD)和ISI Web of Science平台SCI-E数据库,检索统计国内外有关"中国暴雨"主题文献。在CAJD数据库中,采用检索式为主题=暴雨,学科限定为大气科学类,检索命中文献10181篇(检索日期为2014年3月14日)。在SCI-E数据库中,年限选择所有年,采用检索式为TS=(rainstorm*OR"hard rain"OR"storm rainfall"     

NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF AN EXTREME RAINSTORM OVER THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION ON 7 MAY 2017 BASED ON WRF-ENKF

An ensemble Kalman filter based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-EnKF) is used to explore the effectiveness of the assimilation of surface observation data in an extreme local rainstorm over the Pearl River Delta region on 7 May 2017. Before the occurrence of rainstorm, the signals of weather forecasts in this case are too weak to be predicted by numerical weather model, but the surface temperature over the urban area are high. The results of this study show that the wind field, temperature, and water vapor are obviously adjusted by assimilating surface data of 10-m wind, 2-m temperature, and 2-m water vapor mixing ratio at 2300 BST 6 May, especially below the height of 2 km. The southerly wind over the Pearl River Delta region is enhanced, and the convergence of wind over the northern Guangzhou city is also enhanced. Additionally, temperature, water vapor mixing ratio and pseudoequivalent potential temperature are obviously increased over the urban region, providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of heavy precipitation. After assimilation, the predictions of 12-h rainfall amount, temperature, and relative humidity are significantly improved, and the rainfall intensity and distribution in this case can be successfully reproduced. Moreover, sensitivity tests suggest that the assimilation of 2-m temperature is the key to predict this extreme rainfall and just assimilating data of surface wind or water vapor is not workable, implying that urban heat island effect may be an important factor in this extreme rainstorm.     

THE RESEARCH ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OUTER CIRCULATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES AND HIGH TEMPERATURE WEATHER IN GUANGZHOU

Using historical synoptic data, the surface observation data of Guangzhou, the data in the Yearbook on Tropical Cyclones of P. R. China, and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of geopotential height, vertical velocity from June to September over the years 1983 to 2004, and defining three days or more in succession with daily maximum temperature over 35°C as a process of high temperature weather, this work analyzes the relationship between the activity of tropical cyclones and the disastrous high temperature weather in Guangzhou. The result shows that disastrous high temperature weather in Guangzhou is closely related to the outer circulation of tropical cyclones, and high temperatures weather over 37°C occur mainly when tropical cyclones move in the range from 400 to 1600 km southeast or east to Guangzhou. Furthermore, rapid temperature increase with descending motion resulting from tropical cyclones is the major factor that induces disastrous high temperature weather in Guangzhou when the city is controlled by the subtropical high.     

高被引论文选编

正"城市观测"主题来源数据库:SCI-E和CAJD,检索时段:2014-2015年抵消城市气候变化:适应措施及其对热舒适性的影响——Counteracting urban climate change:adaptation measures and their effect on thermal comfort.Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2014,Vol.115,No.1.同周边区域相比,城市的热负荷明显偏大。再加上气候变化的大背景,城市热事件明显增加。因而,减缓和适应城市气候     

《气象科学论文文献计量统计年度报告(2014)》发布

##正##中国气象局图书馆和《气象科技进展》杂志联合编制的《气象科学论文文献计量统计年度报告(2014)》(以下简称《报告》)于2014年9月28日正式发布。此报告基于美国汤森路透开发的Web of Knowledge平台下SCI-E数据库以及中国学术期刊网络出版总库CAJD数据库检索平台,经过3个月的数据调研与分析,对2013年气象科学领域年度论文进行统计和计量。《报告》包括2013年全球和中国"气象和大气科学"领域SCI-E科技论文统计;2013年中国"气象学"     

ANALYSIS OF SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE RECORDED IN LAHORE AND MIANWALI OVER THE PAST THREE DECADES

Surface air temperatures recorded over the past three decades at the weather stations located in Lahore (anindustrialized and densely populated city) and Mianwali (a small and sparsely populated city) were analyzed in order tostudy their climatic trend.Lahore,where meteorological data are recorded at two weather stations (city station and air-port station) indicates a cooling trend,of about 0.5℃ per record period of 1953—1992,for the airport station (31°31′N,74°24′E) and a slight warming trend,of about 0.2℃,for the city station (31°33′N,74°20′E) for the record period of 1950—1992.The Mianwali weather station (32°33′N,71°31′E) also shows a slight cooling trend,of about 0.4℃ per recordperiod of 1959—1992.The climatic variability at these stations was studied by computing seasonal and annual tempera-ture anomalies.The results are explained in terms of the local environmental conditions.     

高被引论文选编

<正>"海洋气象"主题来源数据库:SCI-E和CAJD,检索时段:2015—2016年使用实测数据和全球产品评价GCOM-W1/AMSR2反演的海表温度和风速数据——Evaluation of sea surface temperature and wind speed observed by GCOM-W1/AMSR 2using in situ data and global products.Remote Sensing of Environment,2015,Vol.164.日本宇宙航空研究开发机构JAXA于2012年5月18日发射了搭载有先进微波扫描辐射计(AMSR2)     

Modeling the Warming Impact of Urban Land Expansion on Hot Weather Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model: A Case Study of Beijing,China

The impacts of three periods of urban land expansion during 1990–2010 on near-surface air temperature in summer in Beijing were simulated in this study, and then the interrelation between heat waves and urban warming was assessed. We ran the sensitivity tests using the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with a single urban canopy model,as well as high-resolution land cover data. The warming area expanded approximately at the same scale as the urban land expansion. The average regional warming induced by urban expansion increased but the warming speed declined slightly during 2000–2010. The smallest warming occurred at noon and then increased gradually in the afternoon before peaking at around 2000 LST—the time of sunset. In the daytime, urban warming was primarily caused by the decrease in latent heat flux at the urban surface. Urbanization led to more ground heat flux during the day and then more release at night, which resulted in nocturnal warming. Urban warming at night was higher than that in the day, although the nighttime increment in sensible heat flux was smaller. This was because the shallower planetary boundary layer at night reduced the release efficiency of near-surface heat. The simulated results also suggested that heat waves or high temperature weather enhanced urban warming intensity at night. Heat waves caused more heat to be stored in the surface during the day, greater heat released at night, and thus higher nighttime warming. Our results demonstrate a positive feedback effect between urban warming and heat waves in urban areas.     

国内气象观测研究现状的文献计量学分析

利用2010-2020年中国知网关于"气象观测"主题文献数据,基于文献计量学对气象观测科技论文的特征进行定量和定性分析.结果表明,10a间关于气象观测主题的科技论文数量呈先上升后下降趋势.该领域核心作者有201人,其中83％的作者来自气象行业内部;发文地域分布呈现出东部高西部低的特点,且发文机构主要为气象部门、高校及科...     

Assessing the Ecological Quality of Nanjing during Its Urbanization Process by Using Satellite,Meteorological,and Socioeconomic Data

Assessing the ecological status of different districts within a city undergoing urbanization is challenging given their complex surface types and fast pace of development.In this study,we utilized satellite data obtained from Landsat5/TM(Thematic Mapper)and Landsat 8/OLI(Operational Land Imager)images in conjunction with meteorological and socioeconomic data to construct a remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)for monitoring the ecological quality of Nanjing,Jiangsu Province.A higher RSEI value corresponded to better ecological quality.Five ratings were associated with RSEI values of city districts:very poor,poor,average,good,and excellent.In Nanjing,the percentage of areas evidencing good RSEI ratings decreased from 55.9%in 2000 to 48.0%in 2018,whereas there was a slight increase in areas with very poor RSEI ratings during this period.Of the 11 city districts,16.8%,21.8%,and 61.4%respectively evidenced the increasing,decreasing,and stable ecological quality relative to their quality in 2000.Of the11 administrative districts in Nanjing,the main urban districts evidenced increased RSEI values in 2018 compared with those in 2000,with the improved areas exceeding the ones that had deteriorated in these districts.However,the ecological quality of new urban and ed because of the urban expansion,with areas that had deteriorated exceeding the improved ones.Of the three protected ecological zones,the quality of Zijin Mountain National Forest Park was considerably better than that of Laoshan and Jiangxinzhou.Overall,the urbanization rate and RSEI evidenced a high negative correlation coefficient value(-0.76).The urbanization process of Nanjing induced a declining trend for the ecological quality,indicating the need of strong protection measures for the maintenance or improvement of its ecological environment.     

On the Development of Meso-Scale Heavy Rain Parcels in China

Heavy rains occur in China frequently, which often bring us floods and serious disasters in the summer half-year. The meso-scale heavy rain parcels (MHRP) in the mid-latitude are usually developed in following cases:I.By the approaching, meeting and / or overlapping of different weather systems, when two or more different rainfall systems are getting to conjugate, some MHRPs could be developed, such as: 1) a new cold/warm front or squall line approaches an old front or squall, even when the old one is somewhat decrepit; 2) at the places where two or more synoptic systems with different characteristics are meeting together, such as the meeting of tropical cyclone with the cold airs coming from the mid- and / or high-latitudes, or the low latitude vortex meeting with the westerly trough; 3) at the intersections of some different weather systems, such as the intersection of drylines, squall lines or fronts moving from different directions; and 4) by the overlapping of rainfall parcels produced continuously     

高被引论文选编

正"北极涛动/ENSO"主题来源数据库:SCI-E和CAJD,检索时段:2014—2015年目前的北极放大效应和中纬度极端天气——Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather.Nature Geoscience,2014,Vol.7,No.9.北极放大效应,是指近几十年北极的变暖趋势比全球平均变暖趋势的两倍还要多。快速的北极变暖已经导致北极海冰和春季雪覆盖的大量消融,这种消融幅度比气候模式的模     

The Long-term Variation of Extreme Heavy Precipitation and Its Link to Urbanization Effects in Shanghai during 1916–2014

Using the hourly precipitation records of meteorological stations in Shanghai, covering a period of almost a century(1916–2014), the long-term variation of extreme heavy precipitation in Shanghai on multiple spatial and temporal scales is analyzed, and the effects of urbanization on hourly rainstorms studied. Results show that:(1) Over the last century, extreme hourly precipitation events enhanced significantly. During the recent urbanization period from 1981 to 2014, the frequency of heavy precipitation increased significantly, with a distinct localized and abrupt characteristic.(2) The spatial distribution of long-term trends for the occurrence frequency and total precipitation intensity of hourly heavy precipitation in Shanghai shows a distinct urban rain-island feature; namely, heavy precipitation was increasingly focused in urban and suburban areas.Attribution analysis shows that urbanization in Shanghai contributed greatly to the increase in both frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall events in the city, thus leading to an increasing total precipitation amount of heavy rainfall events. In addition,the diurnal variation of rainfall intensity also shows distinctive urban–rural differences, especially during late afternoon and early nighttime in the city area.(3) Regional warming, with subsequent enhancement of water vapor content, convergence of moisture flux and atmospheric instability, provided favorable physical backgrounds for the formation of extreme precipitation.This accounts for the consistent increase in hourly heavy precipitation over the whole Shanghai area during recent times.     

气象科技文献检索方法简介

气象系统的科技人员,经常要查阅一些国外气象科技文献,但大多数人并不了解国外到底有哪几种主要检索工具可供使用,又如何利用这些检索工具迅速查到所需文献。这里,特为广大气象科技人员介绍几种书本式国外气象学方面的常用检索工具及使用方法。供参考。 一、气象学和地球天体物 理学文摘(Meteorological＆ Geoastrophysical Abstracts) 简称M.G.A     

Identification of forcing mechanisms of convective initiation over mountains through high-resolution numerical simulations

正Convection and its ensuing severe weather,such as heavy rainfall,hail,tornado,and high wind,have significant impacts on our society and economy(e.g.,Cao et al.,2004;Fritsch and Carbone,2004;Verbout et al.,2006;Ashley and Black,2008;Cao,2008;Cao and Ma,2009;Zhang et al.,2014).Due to its localized and transient nature,the initiation of convection or convective initiation remains one of the least     

DYNAMIC FACTORS RELATED TO DECAY PROCESS OF OFFSHORE TROPICAL CYCLONES IN NORTHWEST PACIFIC

Intensity variation of tropical cyclones(TCs),especially that of coastal or landfalling TCs,is of great concern in current research.Most of the research papers,however,focus on intensification processes of TCs;only a few discuss decay processes in the lifetime of a TC.In the daily weather operation related to TCs,it is challenging when a TC weakens and/or disappears suddenly,because it brings more difficulties than the forecast of intensifying TCs does.Overestimation of a decaying landfalling TC would lead to over-preparation of defensive measures and result in"crying wolf"mentality with adverse effects.This study summarized physical mechanisms that dominate the decaying process of TCs and listed several possible dynamical factors:reduced level of air temperature,too large or too small speed,contraction of TC size amplification of TC’s core,and lightning number in a TC.     

任意时段累年气候数据统计流程优化及应用

任意时段累年气候数据的统计是气象部门一项常规实时(准实时)业务,需要相应业务系统的支撑。为了提高该系列数据的统计检索效率,本文对获取该数据的统计流程进行了优化,提出了优化后的原始数据逻辑分解流程,并以关系型数据库Oracle为例,利用广东省86个国家气象观测站近65年,及2313个区域自动气象站近10年逐日气象数据,进行了任意时段累年气候数据统计流程优化前后效率的对比。结果显示:基于优化前的流程,随着任意时段日期跨度的增长,数据统计效率逐步降低;而基于优化后的流程,无论任意时段起止日期的跨度大小,数据统计均可以保持很高的效率。本文将优化后的统计流程应用于广东省农业气象业务系统(AGROS)对应的功能模块,对提高系统效率、优化用户体验起到了很大作用,并进一步推动了该系统在广东全省的推广应用。对于全国各省区乃至国家级气象部门业务系统相关模块的开发也有参考价值。