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微动探测是利用地球表面的天然震动信号进行探测的被动源探测方法.相对于传统的物探方法, 微动探测野外施工灵活, 阵列形状多样, 受施工场地限制小, 对施工环境影响小.目前进行微动探测所用的地震检波器大多成本较高、重量和体积大, 不便于运输与大规模布设.本文由微动探测方法的特点出发, 优化改造了自行研发的低成本自存储式数字地震检波器, 使其性能满足微动探测的需要.通过对地震计系统噪声的详细分析、微动探测原理的讨论, 结合现场试验数据, 探讨了该检波器应用于大规模微动探测的可行性. 相似文献
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采用数值仿真的方法建立了动圈式检波器的仿真模型,推导检波器传递函数,通过对实际动圈式检波器频率特性的测试,验证了动圈式检波器数值仿真模型的正确性,分析动圈检波器频率响应特性,分别对动圈式检波器的自然频率、灵敏度、阻尼比进行仿真,对不同自然频率、灵敏度、阻尼比对检波器输出频率特性的影响进行了分析,使用二阶二次型反馈补偿方法,设计检波器低频补偿结构,结果表明:数值仿真模型与实际检波器的频率响应一致,补偿结构使检波器自然频率由2 Hz降低至0.2 Hz.
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近期人们认识到,电离层对地震影响非常敏感,探测与地震有关的电离层扰动看来对地震短临预测是非常有前途的。我们提出可利用甚低频/低频(3~30kHz/30-300kHz)无线电探测进行地震-电离层扰动的探测。1995年神户地震明显发现电离层扰动现象之后,开始了利用低电离层甚低频/低频传播信号进行地震短临预测的简短历史。在说明先前的甚低频/低频结果之后,我们给出了最新的甚低频/低频发现:一个是电离层扰动与地震在统计上相关,第二个是2004年12月苏门答腊地震的实例研究,说明了这次地震电离层扰动的空间尺度和动力学原理。 相似文献
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深部地应力探测技术理论探讨 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
地应力测量的研究已有几十年的历史,但是对于地下深部地应力非钻孔式测量探测技术的发展,则一直进展很慢。本文依据天然电磁波场源,利用光弹实验模型原理,研制了DYL型地应力探测仪,并在淮南地区地庆力状态普查过程中,取得了明显的应用效果。 相似文献
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青藏高原北缘碰撞变形的深部过程——深地震探测成果之启示 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
3种深地震探测方法的调查结果, 揭示了青藏高原北缘碰撞变形的深部过程.发现沿青藏高原北缘, 正在发生大陆岩石圈的会聚碰撞作用. 大陆岩石圈板块正向碰撞变形的深部过程不同于斜向碰撞变形的深部过程. 研究还发现, 青藏高原南、北两缘碰撞变形的深部过程有所不同. 相似文献
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地震检波器受到地面横向运动激励时的输入输出关系定义为检波器的横向灵敏度特性.本文对检波器线圈受到横向激励时产生的轴向振动进行了分析.可以看到,当悬挂线圈的弹簧片悬丝发生动力失稳时,检波器的横向灵敏度突然增大;在线圈横向振幅很小的情况下,失稳频率接近悬丝的横向固有频率.利用谱分析技术可以准确地从检波器噪声中检测出检波器的横向灵敏度和失稳频率,即检波器假频. 相似文献
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Pneumatic seismic sources, commonly known as airguns, have been serving us well for decades, but there is an increasing need for sources with improved low-frequency signal and reduced environmental impact. In this paper, we present a new pneumatic source that is designed to achieve these goals by operating with lower pressures and larger volumes. The new source will release more air creating larger bubbles with longer bubble periods than airguns. The release of the air will be tuned so that the rise time will be longer and the sound pressure level and its slope will be lower. Certain engineering features will eliminate cavitation. Larger bubbles increase low-frequency content of the signal, longer rise times decrease mid-frequency content and the elimination of cavitation reduces high-frequency content. We have not yet built a full-scale version of the new source. However, we have manufactured a small-scale low-pressure source incorporating most of the engineering features, and tested it in a lake. Here, we present the lake data that, as expected, show a significant reduction in the sound pressure level, increase in rise time, decrease in slope and decrease in high-frequency content while maintaining the same low-frequency content when the source prototype is operated at low pressure compared with high pressure. Synthetic data produced by numerical modelling of the full-scale proposed pneumatic source suggest that the new source will improve the low-frequency content and can produce geophysically useful signal down to 1 Hz. 相似文献
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Stochastic finite-fault modeling is an important tool for simulating moderate to large earthquakes. It has proven to be useful in applications that require a reliable estimation of ground motions, mostly in the spectral frequency range of 1 to 10 Hz, which is the range of most interest to engineers. However, since there can be little resemblance between the low-frequency spectra of large and small earthquakes, this portion can be difficult to simulate using stochastic finite-fault techniques. This paper introduces two different methods to scale low-frequency spectra for stochastic finite-fault modeling. One method multiplies the subfault source spectrum by an empirical function. This function has three parameters to scale the low-frequency spectra: the level of scaling and the start and end frequencies of the taper. This empirical function adjusts the earthquake spectra only between the desired frequencies, conserving seismic moment in the simulated spectra. The other method is an empirical low-frequency coefficient that is added to the subfault corner frequency. This new parameter changes the ratio between high and low frequencies. For each simulation, the entire earthquake spectra is adjusted, which may result in the seismic moment not being conserved for a simulated earthquake. These low-frequency scaling methods were used to reproduce recorded earthquake spectra from several earthquakes recorded in the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) Next Generation Attenuation Models (NGA) database. There were two methods of determining the stochastic parameters of best fit for each earthquake: a general residual analysis and an earthquake-specific residual analysis. Both methods resulted in comparable values for stress drop and the low-frequency scaling parameters; however, the earthquake-specific residual analysis obtained a more accurate distribution of the averaged residuals. 相似文献
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本文提出用于地下成像无源地震方法的分析,在该方法中应用环境地震噪声作为地下散射体的照明源。该成像算法能够以递归方式将新的数据融入到成像中,这使成像背景噪声随时间减少。在空间域不相干环境背景噪声的假设前提下推导出成像算法的点-扩展函数。点-扩展函数表征成像的分辨率,即接收排列长度和环境带宽的函数。 相似文献
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呼图壁地区深层目标合层系白垩系清水河组与侏罗系喀拉扎组、头屯河组(K1q、J3k、J2t)具有规模储层且油气资源丰富,但传统孔隙介质岩石物理建模无法有效区分油气甜点与泥岩。本文在系统分析目标段测井曲线特征基础上,通过微分等效介质岩石物理模型进行横波速度校正,通过Gassman方程流体置换恢复纵横波速度比和纵波阻抗曲线原状地层响应特征,突出甜点储层与泥岩区分度;引入线性滑动理论,建立双孔介质裂缝型储层岩石物理模型。将原生孔隙的微分等效介质岩石物理模型与各向异性次生裂缝的线性滑动模型进行有机融合,实现呼1井-呼6井区孔缝型储层各向异性介质岩石物理建模,构建岩石物理量板。结合叠前OVT域地震数据各向异性反演,有效进行叠前AVAZ裂缝预测。本文形成一套完整的深层甜点预测方法技术流程,为类似探区深层目标勘探开发提供参考。
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