页岩储层裂缝型孔隙定量预测的新方法

裂缝作为有效的储集空间和渗流通道,对于页岩储层具有重要的作用。裂缝研究的难点在于难以像井震结合波阻抗反演一样综合测井和地震信息开展裂缝预测。提出了一种综合测井和地震信息预测裂缝的新思路:首先拓展了SPM软孔模型,把孔隙空间分为硬孔隙、基质孔隙和裂缝型孔隙,建立岩石物理模型,并求取裂缝型孔隙度曲线,通过FMI成像测井曲线证实了裂缝型孔隙度结果的可靠性;然后综合裂缝型孔隙度测井曲线和地震数据,通过多属性神经网络反演预测实现了裂缝型孔隙度的定量预测。研究成果表明,通过和原始测井曲线以及和蚂蚁体等地震几何属性的对比,证明裂缝型孔隙度反演结果比较可靠,可以用来定量解释页岩储层的裂缝发育程度。本研究实现了综合测井曲线和地震信息定量预测页岩储层裂缝发育程度的方法,对于页岩储层定量解释具有重要的意义。      

卡拉高莱斯油田U油组储层特征及其评价

以取心井的毛管压力曲线等分析资料为基础 ,结合储层物性测井参数解释结果 ,对卡拉高莱斯油田U油组储层从岩性组成、物性特征、孔隙类型及孔隙结构、非均质性等方面进行了综合评价。认为该储层为一套中高孔、中高渗储层 ,其物性主要受沉积微相、粒度中值、泥质含量等因素影响 ,其层内、层间和平面非均质性均较强。     

浅层高渗砂岩油藏分级相控地质建模

由于裂谷盆地浅层疏松砂岩储层非均质性强,渗透率级差变化范围巨大,常规相控建模无法表征储层内部非均质性,导致渗透率模拟结果与测井及试井解释难以匹配。为了解决这一难题,在沉积微相研究的基础上,利用流动分层指标(FZI)、孔隙喉道半径(R₃₅)2个参数,将储层细分为4类流动单元,依据各流动单元的孔渗对应关系重新计算测井渗透率。采用分级相控建模的思路,首先建立沉积微相模型,在微相模型的控制下,建立流动单元模型。在此基础上,根据各流动单元的孔渗分布特征,建立各流动单元的孔隙度和渗透率场。该方法建立的三维地质模型,既精细刻画了储层内部非均质性,又能定量表征储层物性空间分布特征,保证渗透率模拟结果与测井及试井结果一致,为油藏数值模拟提供了准确的数据基础。      

基于岩石物理相的储层非均质性研究:以昆北油田切１２井区 Ｅ１３ 为例

昆北油田切１２井区 Ｅ１３ 主要是一套近源且位于不整合面上的辫状河三角洲相沉积,岩性主要为含砾砂岩和砂砾岩,由于受沉积环境、成岩作用、构造等因素的影响,岩性复杂、成熟度低、分选差、孔隙结构具有多重性、有效储层与非有效储层混杂、储层非均质性极强,因此,采用了更精细的岩石物理相对储层非均质性进行了研究。以岩性资料、测井资料及其解释成果为基础,选取了反映沉积、成岩、构造作用的自然伽马、自然电位、声波时差、密度和裂缝孔隙度５个参数,运用加权平均法计算了反映岩石物理相的综合评价系数。在此基础上,采用逐点岩石物理相综合评价系数,运用变异系数法对储层非均质性进行了计算,按 照 变 异系数值大小将工区储层非均质性分为３类:第Ⅰ类弱非均质性,变异系数≤０．２;第Ⅱ类中等非均质性,变异系数在０．２～０．４之间;第Ⅲ类强非均质性,变异系数＞０．４。根据这个标准对储层平面非均质性进行了评价。      

基于岩石物理相的酸性火山岩储层渗透率计算方法

火山岩储层非均质强、孔隙度—渗透率关系难以用单一回归数学模型表述,采用岩石物理相中层流指数作为表征参数,对徐深气田酸性火山岩储层岩心样品的孔渗关系分类,建立基于层流指数的孔隙度—渗透率关系模型;应用层流指数分类结果,对通过测井孔隙度频谱分析得到的储层缝洞指示参数进行刻度、分类,建立与层流指数分类对应的分类标准;对于非取...     

渤中19-6气田潜山变质岩储层类型特征与电成像测井识别

渤中19-6气田潜山变质岩储层类型复杂多样,明确不同类型储层特征、准确识别储层类型有利于储层评价。综合利用岩心、实验、测井和测试资料,研究渤中19-6气田潜山变质岩储层的储集空间类型、储层类型、不同类型储层的电成像测井响应特征与储层类型识别方法。结果表明:研究区潜山变质岩储层具有缝、孔双重储集空间,根据储集空间类型和配置关系可将储层类型分为裂缝型储层、孔隙—裂缝型储层和裂缝—孔隙型储层三类。三类储层优势储集空间不同,电成像测井响应差异明显,电成像测井孔隙度谱分析法可较好地区分储层类型,提取、优选电成像孔隙度谱参数P_(50)和W_(80-10),建立储层类型划分图版与标准,实现全井段储层类型识别,与测试资料对比,储层类型识别效果良好。该结果对具有双重储集空间的储层评价具有参考意义,为电成像测井资料的定量分析与运用提供一种思路。     

基于流动单元划分的储层测井二次解释

宝浪油田三工河组储层是在辫状河三角洲环境下沉积的河道砂体,非均质性严重,常规测井解释以砂层为解释单元,忽视砂层内部物性及渗流特征的差异,测井解释精度低.通过对砂层细分流动单元,采用聚类分析的方法将Ⅱ油组储层划分为5类独立的流动单元,在不同的流动单元内建立不同的测井解释模型.结果表明:模型计算出的孔隙度和渗透率精度更高,分别达到90%和80%以上,较好地反映了储层内部的非均质性特征,为精细油藏描述提供可靠的孔隙度、渗透率参数.     

辽河东部凸起太原组页岩孔隙分形特征

页岩孔隙结构具有良好的分形特征,孔隙结构的分形维数能定量描述孔隙结构的复杂程度。以辽河东部凸起为例,应用高压压汞方法研究了页岩孔隙结构及其不规则性,计算了页岩孔隙分形维数。研究结果表明,辽河东部凸起太原组页岩孔隙分形无标度区为0.09~60 μm,孔隙分维数为2.378~3.007,随着分形维数的增大,页岩的非均质性增强,压汞实验得出的页岩孔径分布特征也证明了页岩的孔隙分形维数可以用来定量描述页岩储层岩石孔隙结构的微观非均质性;数学拟合表明分形维数与有机质含量相关性差,反映页岩中无机孔隙为主体孔隙类型;分形维数与石英含量呈较弱的正相关而与黏土矿物含量呈较强的负相关性,表明黏土矿物含量对页岩孔隙结构影响明显。分形维数与页岩的渗透率和孔隙度均具有很好的负相关性,分形维数越大,岩心的渗透率和孔隙度越小,表明分形维数越大,孔隙结构越趋于复杂,不利于气体的渗流和产出。      

过渡相煤系泥页岩纳米级孔隙结构非均质性表征及主控因素——以淮南煤田二叠系为例

纳米级孔隙是煤系页岩气赋存的重要场所,具有很强的非均质性。为了研究海陆过渡相煤系泥页岩储层孔隙结构非均质性,对淮南煤田二叠系山西组和下石盒子组泥页岩钻孔岩芯样品进行总有机碳、镜质体反射率、全岩和黏土X射线衍射分析、场发射扫描电镜及低温液氮吸附实验,获得泥页岩有机地球化学、矿物组分、孔隙结构参数,采用孔隙结构相对偏差、FHH分形模型来评价储层孔隙结构非均质性及主控因素。结果表明:储层孔隙类型以黏土矿物片层间的平行板状孔、狭缝状孔及粒间的锥状孔为主,孔隙尺度主要为介孔,其次为微孔和宏孔;孔隙结构具显著分段分形特征,由于与煤储层高度相似而划分为渗透孔隙(r7.5nm)和吸附孔隙(r≤7.5nm),渗透孔隙复杂程度强于吸附孔隙;微孔越发育,孔容越小,比表面积越大,分形维数越大,孔隙结构越复杂,非均质性越强;过渡相煤系泥页岩储层孔隙结构非均质性主要受控于不同沉积环境及成岩演化下矿物组分差异,随着黏土矿物含量的增加和脆性矿物含量的减小而增大;与下石盒子组相比,山西组黏土矿物含量更低,导致分形维数较低,孔隙结构复杂程度偏弱,比表面积和平均孔径的相对偏差较小,孔隙分布较均匀,非均质性相对弱,对页岩气的储存、解吸和扩散更有利,可考虑优先开采。     

川南地区中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩储层孔隙特征与储层成因

川南地区中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强,孔隙类型的差异影响储层渗流能力.基于岩心观察、薄片鉴定和扫描电镜成像等资料,采用FIB—SEM三维成像技术,分析川南地区中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩储层特征.结果表明:川南地区中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩储层受白云石化和溶蚀作用等影响,形成晶间溶蚀孔、粒间孔和粒内孔等次生...     

Study on water saturation computation model in complex pore volcanic reservoir

Determination of water saturation is important for reservoir evaluation.When complex pore structures such as fracture and cavity are present in reservoir,Archie equation is no longer suitable.According...     

Study on water saturation computation models in complex pore volcanic reservoir

Determination of water saturation is important for reservoir evaluation.When complex pore structures such as fracture and cavity are present in reservoir,Archie equation is no longer suitable.According to different models of pore structure division,the authors studied water saturation computation models.The results show that dual porosity system is divided into four models.The first model is based on dual laterolog,the second is Dual Porosity Ⅰ,the third is Dual Porosity Ⅱ,and the last one is based on the conductive pore.Besides,the triple porosity system is triple porosity model.Compute water saturation was using all the above five models in volcanic reservoir in Songnan gas field.The triple porosity system is the most suitable model for water saturation computation in complex pore structure volcanic reservoir.     

塔中地区东河砂岩的成岩作用和孔隙演化

塔中地区下石炭统巴楚组东河砂岩储层主要为一套滨海沉积成因的石英砂岩，其平均成分组成石英８３％，长石８％，岩屑９％、以两口井为例，应用阴极发光、扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射和图象分析等测试手段，研究了区内东河砂岩的成岩作用，认为影响砂岩储集性能的主要成岩作用是压实、胶结和溶解作用。方解石的胶结和溶解决定了储层具有良好的孔隙性，溶解形成的次生孔隙是砂岩的主要储集空间。恢复的东河砂岩的原始孔隙度为３８％，经历３个阶段孔隙演化后的岩芯薄片计点孔隙度平均为１４％，岩芯物性分析孔隙度平均为１７％。     

Experimental research on variation of porosity in destruction process of cement stabilized soil

Based on the process of reinforcing soft soil using cement in laboratory, the porosity of test samples under different pressures conditions were determined through mercury intrusion porosimetry. The experiment was introduced and the law of porosity variation was summarized. The results show that when stress is between 0 and 0.15--0.2 qu, porosity decreases along with the pressure, then porosity has increased in the wake of the pressure until the sample damaged. It can provide an experimental basis for exploring the failure mechanism of cement stabilized soil from the microscopic view and the study to establish the microcosmic constitutive model of cement stabilized soil.     

Estimation of reservoir porosity using probabilistic neural network and seismic attributes

Porosity is one of the most important properties of oil and gas reservoirs. The porosity data that come from well log are only available at well points. It is necessary to use other method to estimate reservoir porosity.Seismic data contain abundant lithological information. Because there are inherent correlations between reservoir property and seismic data,it is possible to estimate reservoir porosity by using seismic data and attributes.Probabilistic neural network is a powerful tool to extract mathematical relation between two data sets. It has been used to extract the mathematical relation between porosity and seismic attributes. Firstly,a seismic impedance volume is calculated by seismic inversion. Secondly,several appropriate seismic attributes are extracted by using multi-regression analysis. Then a probabilistic neural network model is trained to obtain a mathematical relation between porosity and seismic attributes. Finally,this trained probabilistic neural network model is implemented to calculate a porosity data volume. This methodology could be utilized to find advantageous areas at the early stage of exploration. It is also helpful for the establishment of a reservoir model at the stage of reservoir development.     

Determination method of volcanics variable matrix parameters

The volcanics matrix parameters are variable in different areas and even in different intervals of a same well,due to its complicated mineral compositions and variable mineral contents. The determination of matrix parameters is significant because it has an effect on the porosity calculation accuracy. The authors proposed a simple but useful dual-component model to calculate porosity,and the results are compatible with the core porosity.     

Micromorphology of surface crusts in the Knersvlakte, South Africa

Soils in the Knersvlakte are particularly prone to crusting and have lower inherent infiltrability than other soils across western southern Africa. Micromorphological techniques were used to examine the structure and porosity of soil crusts in the Knersvlakte to ascertain why crusting is so intense in this region. Quantile regression using boundary lines was employed to examine the relationships between infiltrability and soil properties for all samples （n = 67）. This analysis showed that infiltrability is potentially maximal at low water- dispersible ＇clay plus silt＇ content and low silt content （r^2 = 0.72 and 0.64; respectively, n = 67） （Figure 2）. The strength of crusts, pH, EC, clay mineralogy, and water-dispersible clay, silt and ＇clay plus silt＇ content were compared, and a pore analysis using optical microscopy was undertaken on images of six soil thin sections （n = 6） （circular and parallel polarizers）. Pore analysis was further undertaken on five horizontal slices of equal dimensions taken through each soil thin section. The porosity samples with low infiltrability （〈 100 mm·hr^-1, n = 4） had greater crust strength, lower porosity （both total and in the least porous slice） and greater water-dispersible ＇day plus silt＇ and silt content than the porosity samples with high infiltrability （〉 100mm·hr^-1, n = 2）. The porosity samples with low infiltrability showed a trend of lower pH and greater water dispersible clay percentage. Porosity varied within the porosity samples due to the presence of dense clay/silt bands （〈 0.5 mm in width） with relatively few air vesicles. The porosity samples with horizontal slices of low porosity （but large numbers of air vesicles） had low infiltrability, while those without slices of low porosity （and relatively few air vesicles） had high infiltrability. We conclude that the intense crusting and resultant low infiltrability of soils in the Knersvlakte appears to be related to the formation of thin, dense clay/silt bands in the pedoderm.     

黄土孔隙度及粒度组成关系初探

依据对黄土地层的孔隙度及颗粒组分等实测资料 ,初步认识到黄土的孔隙度具有从上向下波动减小的规律 ,波峰在黄土层 ,而波谷在古土壤层 ,也即黄土的孔隙度大于古土壤。黄土主要由粉砂、粘粒构成 ,并且黄土的粒度比古土壤要粗一些。黄土的孔隙度与黄土的颗粒组成具有相关关系 ,决定孔隙度大小的主导因素是颗粒大小     

Deformation of ductile cuttings from sandstone in compaction process and experimental study of influence on porosity

Deformation of ductile cuttings from sandstone in the mechanical compaction process was designed through the "experimental system of triaxial rock deformation",and the influence on porosity was studied by looking into the deformation characteristics of ductile cuttings. The design indexes are as follows: simulated depth 0- 4 000 m,interval depth 500 m,and pressure range 0- 120 MPa at interval of 1. 5 MPa. The experimental results show that the porosity decreases as buried depth increases,indicating a negative relationship between them. The amount of compression was mainly obtained by porosity reduction and cutting deformation. Deformation of ductile cuttings is mainly ductile deformation; and deformation of crystal fragments is mainly expressed as brittle fracture,resulting in decrease of particle size. The research is of certain value for the exploration and development of oil and gas.     

Preliminary results on relationship between thermal diffusivity and porosity of sea ice in the Antarctic

The in situ sea-ice temperature, salinity and density observed from Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station have been applied to calculate the vertical profile of sea ice porosity. Based on numerical method, a number of schemes on sea-ice thermal diffusivity versus porosity have been accessed and one optimized scheme is identified by an optimal control model with an advanced distributing parameter system. For simplicity, the internal heating source item was neglected in the heat conduction equation during the identification procedure. In order to illustrate the applicability of this identified scheme, the vertical ice temperature profiles have been simulated and compared with measurements, respectively by using identified scheme and by classical thermodynamic formulae.The comparisons indicated that the scheme describing sea-ice thermal diffusivity and porosity is reasonable. In spite of a minor improvement of accuracy of results against in situ data, the identified scheme has a more physical meaning and could be used potentially in various applications.