黑龙江省宝玉石矿产资源概况及其典型矿床地质特征

一、宝玉石矿产资源概况及其成矿特征 （一）宝石类 1．红、蓝宝石（刚玉、AL2O3）坡积-洪积型砂矿多分布于牡丹江上游、穆棱河水系河谷中，明显受敦-密深大断裂带及第三纪玄武岩控制。伴生矿物有：红锆石、紫苏辉石、普通辉石、顽火辉石、顽火透辉石、镁铁石榴石、镁铁尖晶石、钛铁矿、磁铁矿、镁铁橄榄石、歪长石等。上述矿物共生组合呈深源捕虏晶见于第三纪碱性玄武岩中。黑龙江红、蓝宝石成矿带，属我国大陆东部新生代蓝宝石成矿带北段，成矿条件好，储量丰富，为我国少有的红、蓝宝石共生矿带。该类型矿床以穆棱县红、蓝宝石砂矿为代表，以下简述其特征。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部马家沟组三段古地貌、古环境及控烃作用

鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组三段(马三段)是烃源岩发育层段。基于地震和钻井剖面资料,采用有机碳质量分数、X线衍射、镜下鉴定和主、微量元素等测试方法,研究鄂尔多斯盆地东北部马三段沉积地貌和沉积相特征,分析烃源岩品质及其与岩相和沉积相的关系,明确烃源岩发育控制因素。结果表明：鄂尔多斯盆地东北部继承性发育低隆起、台内缓坡带和凹陷,马三段发育潮坪、潟湖相碳酸盐岩与膏盐岩混积体系,沉积古坡度和古水体深度向凹陷方向逐渐变大,膏岩层厚度加大且发育频率增多;台内缓坡带膏云岩和泥云岩呈中薄层互层,Sr/Ba、V/(V+Ni)、Mg/Ca反映台内缓坡带泥云岩沉积期环境比较温暖湿润、盐度较低,是适合藻类等有机质发育的环境,在局部含藻的膏云岩层段保存大量底栖绿藻和球形蓝藻菌。热演化和酸溶有机质恢复后,马三段台内缓坡带烃源岩原始有机碳质量分数为0.81%～1.39%,为中等—好的烃源岩,泥云岩段有机质条带发育,黏土矿物质量分数较高,是最有利的烃源岩岩相类型。盆地东北部台内缓坡带是烃源岩发育的有利构造单元,泥云岩是有利的烃源岩发育岩相,研究区马家沟组盐下具有较大的勘探潜力。该结果为鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组天然气勘探提供依据。     

我国蓝宝石产地

蓝色或其他颜色(红、粉红除外)美丽透明无瑕的宝石级刚玉称蓝宝石。它是世界五大珍贵宝石之一。我国过去不产蓝宝石,自本世纪70年代末海南岛发现蓝宝石后,迄今我国已陆续发现若干蓝宝石产地。山东昌乐蓝宝石:原矿和砂矿均有。蓝宝石主要赋存于新生代碧玄岩中。含蓝宝石的玄武质岩风化后形成残坡积和冲洪积砂矿床。原石多呈深蓝色,少数呈蓝、浅蓝、黄绿、蓝绿、棕等色。呈腰鼓状、桶状;砂矿多呈浑圆粒状、碎块状、六方短柱状。粒径一般5～10mm,大者达30mm;一般重10～25ct。蓝宝石具玻璃光泽,折光率1.762～1.773,多色性明显,一轴晶负光性,个别为二轴晶正光性,2V≈5°,比重3.98～4.01。该矿分布广、储量大,最大缺陷是蓝宝石颜色太深,据报道改色处理已获得成功。目前当地已拟定了“蓝光计划”,成立了     

渤海海域石南陡坡带多期砂砾岩扇体识别与展布特征

根据钻井、测井和三维地震等资料,建立渤海海域石南陡坡带多期砂砾岩扇体沉积成因模式,采用时频分析技术,结合井震识别标志,划分砂砾岩扇体沉积期次;利用瞬时相位处理和沉积演化模拟方法,精细刻画每期砂砾岩扇体展布特征。结果表明:石南陡坡带发育4期砂砾岩扇体,从早期到晚期总体具有持续性后退、范围缩小的特征。不同期次扇体展布规律存在差异,陡坡带中西部发育4期砂砾岩扇体,展布范围较大,东部发育3期扇体,展布范围较小。研究区西部、中部和东部的扇三角洲前缘没有叠置,砂砾岩扇体之间连通性较差。石南陡坡带有2个主力油层,分别为第3、第4期砂砾岩扇体。该结果为类似低勘探程度区油气勘探开发提供参考。     

东昆仑NW向线性构造带地质特征及找矿意义

东昆仑造山带中发育的NW向线性构造带具有等间距特征 ,其组合以区域剪切带为主体 ,显示多层次、多期次及深切性区域深断裂的基本属性。是具隐爆特征的镁铁质岩 -闪长玢岩组合的浅成杂岩体和五龙沟、托克妥金、铜矿床的导岩、导矿通道及赋存场所。NW向线性构造带是东昆仑地区寻找五龙沟玢岩型金矿床的重要标志     

南秦岭碧口地区韧性剪切带的变形特征

南秦岭碧口地区韧性剪切带广泛发育在中元古代碧口群内,呈NEE～SWW向延展,向南倾斜。韧性剪切带内广泛发育有拉伸线理、S-C构造、剪切褶皱、鞘褶皱、剪切透镜体构造以及旋转碎斑系、多米诺骨牌式构造、不对称微褶皱等不同尺度的运动学标志,剪切指向表明韧性剪切带运动方式为自南而北的逆冲型。构造式样的不对称及L-S构造岩的发育表明剪切带为区域非共轴变形机制,对剪切带形成的温压条件和形成时代做了定量分析。     

施工期岩锚梁岩台破坏模式及稳定性分析

针对西南某大型水电站地下厂房岩锚梁岩台区节理发育的特点,并考虑辉绿岩脉等软弱带的影响因素,结合现场调查,
利用关键块体理论方法分析得出开挖过程中岩台主要破坏模式为滑动、滑移-拉裂、弯曲-拉裂以及辉绿岩脉松动溃散4种,其
中,上、下直墙的陡倾角结构面组合特征及辉绿岩脉的发育直接影响岩台的成型与稳定,开挖过程中针对各发育特征采取针对性
支护措施;为验证分析的可靠性,结合现场变形监测资料分析表明:岩台和岩锚梁混凝土结构之间总体黏合度较好,而岩台开挖破
坏段和辉绿岩脉发育区及影响带处的黏合度相对较差,需进一步加强变形监测,必要时采取相关补强措施。      

致密砂砾岩储层裂缝形成及储层评价:以黄河口凹陷沙二段为例

研究致密储层裂缝的特征、成因及控制因素对储层有效评价和优质储层预测具有重要意义。利 用 岩 心、铸体薄片、普通薄片、钻井中途测试（ＤＳＴ）、测井、地震等资料,对研究区沙二段特低、超低孔－超低渗砂砾岩储层裂缝特征进行了分析,探讨了裂缝发育的主控因素,并对储层进行了分类评价。结果表明:①研究区发育构造缝、原生缝和成岩缝。②构造缝多尖灭于其他裂缝,多呈半充填－未充填状,连通性较好,将储层渗透率提高了２～４个数量级;原生缝和成岩缝大多呈全充填状,有效 性 较 差。③构造缝受抬升褶皱与沉积因素影响,背 斜 轴 部 与 水下分流河道底部沉积微相的叠合区是最有利的构造缝形成区带,构造缝形成早于主成藏期;原 生 缝、成 岩 缝 等 早期裂缝的发育提供了应力薄弱带,有利于晚期构造 缝 的 形 成。④利用常规测井数据和矿物成分２种 方 法 计 算 储层的脆性,结果显示脆性越大裂缝越发育,两者相 关 性 较 好。⑤测 试 资 料、裂缝刻画及孔隙结构分析表明裂缝发育带储层质量最好,发育Ⅰ类储层,次裂缝发育带Ⅰ和Ⅱ次之,致密带储层质量最差。      

惠民凹陷南坡天然气藏形成条件及勘探方向

从气源岩、储层、圈闭等方面分析了惠民南坡的天然气成藏条件,认为该区烃源岩条件良好,有古近纪的暗色泥岩和石炭-二叠纪煤系地层作为气源岩,同时该区深大断裂发育,岩浆活动强烈,还具有充足的非烃气源;地层发育全,沉积体系多,发育多种类型的储集层,形成6套储盖组合,具备天然气聚集成藏的良好地质条件.研究表明,曲堤地垒和济阳地堑东部的古生界圈闭是深层气勘探的有利方向,非烃气的主要勘探方向是王判镇潜山带的新近纪地层构造圈闭和浅层“亮点“岩性圈闭.     

甘肃康县阳坝岩体岩石成因及壳-幔相互作用

出露于甘肃康县南部阳坝镇一带的阳坝岩体具有典型的岩浆混合特征,岩体中暗色微粒包体发育,主要类型为暗色细粒微粒闪长质及石英闪长质岩浆包体,岩浆包体与寄主岩石界限清晰。岩浆包体具淬火结构:角闪石呈长柱状,黑云母呈长条片状,磷灰石呈针状,包体中出现石英颗粒集合体及发育熔蚀环的斜长石捕虏晶。岩石学、地球化学研究表明,微粒闪长质包体的(La/Yb)N、Rb/Sr值都比寄主岩石高,且铕亏损程度更大,包体和寄主岩石的Mg#高(寄主岩石Mg#=50.8~54.5,暗色包体Mg#=55.6~60.1)。结合岩相学特征可以认为,暗色微粒包体可能是幔源的高温偏基性岩浆侵入到花岗闪长质岩浆中淬火结晶的产物,在此过程中,花岗质岩浆受到幔源物质混染,表明在中三叠世,扬子板块西北缘曾发生壳-幔混合作用。     

Foreword

正Rapid changes of Arctic sea ice cover have been in the focus of the international climate research community in recent years.Quite a few of nations have completed a large number of related surveys and research projects in the Arctic Ocean.Up to now,China has performed six research cruises to the Arctic Ocean resulting in a significant volume of research output.Improved knowledge on the atmospheree-sea ice-ocean interactions in the Arctic is a     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Exposure ages and radiogenic ages of ureilite(GRV 024516) and ordinary chondrite(GRV 024517) from Antarctica

The GRV 024516 and GRV 024517 meteorite samples collected from Grove Montains,Antactica are ureilite and H5 ordinary chondrite,respectively.Based on the study of mineralogy-petrology,the cosmic-ray exposure ages and gas retention ages of these two meteorites were determinated and calculated.Their cosmic-ray exposure ages are 33.3 Ma,51.7 Ma,and gas retention ages are 1936.8 Ma and 3720 Ma,respectively.The ureilite contains diamond,graphite and amorphous C,which are mainly carrier of noble gases indicating obviously shock metamorphism effects,which induced 40Ar partial loss.The H5 chondrite indicates thermal metamorphism of parent body,its gas retention age fall the range between 3220 Ma and 4510 Ma of the least shocked H5 chondrites     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by