现代海浪功率谱估计的改进算法

海浪谱是随机海浪的一个重要统计性质,它不仅包含着海浪的二阶信息,而且还直接给出了海浪组成波能量相对于频率和方向的分布。谱方法已经成为研究海浪及其有关问题的有力工具。文中主要参照现代谱估计中的THREE谱估计方法,对基于Kullback-Leibler度量的随机信号的功率谱估计方法中优化参数的求解算法进行了改进,并与基于Hellinger度量的谱估计方法进行了比较。通过数值模拟和谱分析证实基于这两种度量的功率谱估计算法都能有效地避免谱线分裂和谱峰偏移现象。     

线性判别分析的迭代解法及其应用

线性判别分析(LDA)作为一种降维技术,已成功应用于许多分类问题中,如语音识别、人脸识别、信息提取等领域。本文研究并改进求解迹比问题的两种主要方法:二分法、迭代迹比法(ITR法)。主要研究成果有:给出了一种基于线性插值的求解非线性方程二分法的改进算法;对这两种迭代方法与基于比迹准则的方法进行比较;对于ITR算法,选择好的初始迭代矩阵使得算法的收敛速度有明显的提高;分析了组内样本的相关性对识别精度的影响。     

基于密度峰值聚类的中尺度涡轨迹自动追踪方法

中尺度涡信息的提取包括涡旋的识别和轨迹追踪,其自动识别与追踪对于基于海量数据的中尺度涡分析十分重要。传统涡旋轨迹自动追踪方法一般需要预先设定搜索半径的阈值,存在一定的主观性。针对传统中尺度涡轨迹追踪方法存在的问题,论文从聚类的角度出发,提出基于密度峰值聚类算法实现对涡旋轨迹的自动追踪,并以南海中尺度涡追踪为例,将基于聚类的追踪算法与传统的相似度追踪算法进行比较分析。结果表明:（1）基于密度峰值聚类算法,可实现对海洋中尺度涡的自动追踪,该算法涡旋追踪准确率优于传统相似度算法;（2）该涡旋追踪算法对资料的完整性依赖度较低,特别是对于存在部分缺损数据的情况仍能较准确追踪;（3）该追踪算法克服了传统涡旋追踪算法需要预先设定搜索半径阈值的问题,自适应性更强。     

多智能体最短编队距离问题及优化算法

研究多智能体的编队控制,提出一类多智能体编队相关的新问题-最短编队距离问题。问题针对编队过程中多智能体的行程,旨在寻找一类可行算法使所有智能体的行程和最短。本文分析问题产生的实际背景,提出最短编队距离问题的数学模型,并针对此类问题提出一种基于递归思想的算法。该算法通过遍历问题中的所有可能解集,通过逐一比较得到最优解。最后通过仿真示例结果验证了该算法的可行性。     

基于压缩传感的OFDM水声信道估计方法研究

简要介绍了两种经典的基于压缩传感(CS)的稀疏信号重构算法:匹配追踪(MP)和正交匹配追踪(OMP)。结合逆矩阵的阶数递归算法,针对OMP算法复杂度高提出了改进型的基于阶数递归的OMP算法,简称为ORMP算法。经研究发现,水声信道的冲击响应是典型的稀疏信号。因此,把基于压缩传感的ORMP算法应用到水声信道估计中,并通过仿真和海试实验验证了算法的可行性及优越性。     

曲线间中心线生成算法分析及评估

自动获取曲线间中心线在计算机制图和地理信息系统等相关领域具有广泛应用。基于曲线间中心线的数学定义,系统分析了现有中心线生成算法的优劣,定量评估了相关算法在精度、效率及曲线形态控制方面的差异。实验表明,单位圆滚动追踪法所生成的中心线精度、效率较高,且曲线形态可控,是曲线间中心线生成的优选方法。     

基于辛几何算法的高斯束叠前深度偏移

辛几何算法是专门针对动力学过程设计的算法,以提高动力学问题求解的精度与效率。高斯束偏移过程中的运动学与动力学射线追踪,从物理上讲是一个动力学过程,可以利用辛几何算法对其进行优化。本文将基于辛几何算法的运动学射线追踪引入高斯束叠前深度偏移中,并在推导了动力学射线追踪方程组的辛差分格式基础上,实现了基于辛几何算法的高斯束叠前深度偏移。模型实验表明,基于辛几何算法的运动学射线追踪,其效率与精度相比常规算法都具有一定优势,而基于辛几何算法的高斯束叠前深度偏移方法能够对复杂构造模型精确成像。     

采用射线追踪法的天然气水合物海底地震观测系统设计

射线追踪法是以建立的地下地质模型为基础,研究不同的激发点发出的射线经地下地质界面反射后可以被接收到的信息,从而了解不同的观测系统对于特定地质条件地震资料采集的效果,对于海上地震采集相关参数的确定十分关键.在天然气水合物地震勘探中,丰富的多波勘探信息对于查清水合物内部速度结构、提高地层的分辨率具有重要意义.本文在分析国外天然气水合物海底地震仪(OBS,ocean bottom seismometer)勘探的应用成果基础上,采用射线追踪法理论计算和海上实验,实现了针对天然气水合物的海底地震观测系统设计,试验获得了转换横波记录,取得了良好的应用效果.     

基于领海基线外推领海、毗连区和专属经济区的2种算法及其比较

由于领海基线一般由折线组成且地球表面为球面,基于领海基线外推领海、毗连区和专属经济区的实际计算存在困难。文章基于交圆法设计最短距离法和椭圆法2种算法并对其优劣性进行比较,研究表明:外推12nmile领海和24nmile毗连区的界线基本与外推的领海基线平行,外推200nmile专属经济区的界线形状变化较大;最短距离法精度高但计算量较大,椭圆法所需计算时间短但精度较低且没有消除误差。     

南海中尺度涡的形转、内转及平移运动研究

中尺度涡旋的运动整体可分为两部分：平移及转动。平移指涡旋在整个生命周期内的水平移动,而转动除了包括内转 （海表地转流引起的涡旋自身水体转动） 外,还包括形转 （涡旋实际边界最佳拟合椭圆的转动）。本文基于 1993—2018 年共计 26 年间的卫星高度计涡旋识别与追踪数据,首次对南海中尺度涡旋的完整运动形式,即形转、内转、平移展开了系统的研究。其中,对内转及平移的分析,可通过涡旋的识别追踪数据集直接进行;为研究涡旋形转,提出了一种基于涡旋识别追踪数据自动提取涡旋形转信息的算法,以此得到涡旋形转方向、每天形转的角度以及形转圈数等信息,获得涡旋形转数据集。通过对涡旋识别追踪数据以及形转数据集的统计分析发现：南海涡旋的平移方向多为西向,且其速率呈偏态分布,主要以南海南部偏高。同样,涡旋的内转速率也呈偏态分布,高速率内转的涡旋主要分布在吕宋海峡附近。涡旋的形转主要以南海南部速率偏高,且与涡旋的寿命及长轴有一定的关系,倾向于随着涡旋寿命的增长、涡旋长轴的增大而变慢。同时南海涡旋的这三种不同运动形式之间也存在一定的相关性。     

Temporal variability of tsunami arrival detection distance revealed by virtual tsunami observation experiments using numerical simulation and 1-month HF radar observation

The combination of a high-frequency ocean surface radar and a tsunami detection method should be assessed as the onshore-offshore distribution of tsunami detection probability, because the probability will vary in accordance with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the tsunami magnitude in addition to the radar system specifications. Here, we statistically examine the tsunami detection distance based on virtual tsunami observation experiments by using signals received by a high-frequency radar in February 2014 installed on the southern coast of Japan and numerically simulated velocities induced by a Nankai Trough earthquake. In the experiments, the Doppler frequencies associated with the simulated velocities were superimposed on the receiving signals of the radar, and the radial velocities were calculated from the synthesized signals by the fast Fourier transform. Tsunami arrival was then detected based on the temporal change in the cross-correlation of the velocities, before and after tsunami arrival, between two points 3 km apart along a radar beam. We found that the possibility of tsunami detection primarily depends on the kinetic energy ratio between tsunami current and background current velocities. The monthly average detection probability is over 90% when the energy ratio exceeds 5 (offshore distance: 9 km ≤ L ≤ 36 km) and reduces to 50% when the energy ratio is approximately 1 (L = 42 km) over the shelf slope. The ratio varied with the background current physics and SNR, which was mainly affected by ocean surface wave heights and ionospheric electron density.     

Functional inputs to passive correlation detectors for oscillatorytransient signals

This research investigates whether passive detection of transient signals can be improved by replacing received signals with functionals of the received signals in correlation detectors. Specifically, this paper assesses the impact of using energy spectrum and autocorrelation functional inputs to the cross-correlation (energy), bicorrelation, and tricorrelation detectors. Test signals with differing autocorrelation and energy spectrum properties are used in computer simulations with independent Gaussian noise to evaluate detector performance. Detection results are presented for the case when only two channels of input data are available to form the correlations, as well as the case when three and four channels of input data are available to form the higher order correlations. In the former case, it is shown that detection performance can be improved for the narrow-band signals by using the energy spectrum and autocorrelation functional inputs rather than the original received signal. In the latter case, it is shown that detection performance can be improved by using the autocorrelation input for the broadband signal and the energy spectrum input for the narrow-band signals, and that the tricorrelation detector performs best for the signals tested     

Improved time-delay estimates of underwater acoustic signals usingbeamforming and prefiltering techniques

Passive sonar systems that localize broadband sources of acoustic energy estimate the difference in arrival times (or time delays) of an acoustic wavefront at spatially separated hydrophones, The output amplitudes from a given pair of hydrophones are cross-correlated, and an estimate of the time delay is given by the time lag that maximizes the cross correlation function. Often the time-delay estimates are corrupted by the presence of noise. By replacing each of the omnidirectional hydrophones with an array of hydrophones, and then cross-correlating the beamformed outputs of the arrays, the author shows that the effect of noise on the time-delay estimation process is reduced greatly. Both conventional and adaptive beamforming methods are implemented in the frequency domain and the advantages of array beamforming (prior to cross-correlation) are highlighted using both simulated and real noise-field data. Further improvement in the performance of the broadband cross-correlation processor occurs when various prefiltering algorithms are invoked     

基于能量比与互相关法的地震剖面反射同相轴交互自动拾取研究

为提高地震剖面反射同相轴拾取的精度与效率,结合实际资料详细讨论了能量比与互相关两种自动拾取方法的优缺点,提出对拾取结果进行光滑滤波处理,以消除资料上的随机噪音与风浪干扰等影响。同时讨论了参考种子点在自动拾取算法中的重要性,以及人机交互拾取参考种子点的实现方法。针对复杂界面的反射同相轴,在自动拾取结果的基础上,文中提出以人机交互的方法进行修改拾取。将这些方法综合运用于实际资料,以取得满意的拾取结果。     

海上单道地震与浅地层剖面数据海浪改正处理研究

因受海面大风浪与涌浪等影响,海上单道地震与浅地层剖面数据反射同相轴常出现波浪状起伏,造成剖面反射层位错乱,分辨率与信噪比降低。根据海浪噪声与海底反射地层在横向上的相关性与变化频率等特性,以及综合前人的研究成果,采用陆上地震数据剩余静校正处理中的统计模型道互相关方法来实现对剖面反射同相轴的海浪改正处理;为减少强能量噪声对相关运算的影响,采用中值滤波、光滑滤波技术对反射同相轴曲线进行滤波处理,以进一步减少残留海浪的影响及相关运算改正误差。将这些方法综合运用于海上实际调查资料处理后,大风浪与涌浪影响下的波浪状反射同相轴变得连续、光滑,海底下混乱模糊的反射层位变得清晰、连续,剖面信噪比与分辨率得到了极大的提高。     

基于PS-VF-TBD的地波雷达船只目标航迹起始方法

针对地波雷达低信噪比目标信号"闪烁"导致的航迹起始困难问题,本文提出了一种基于PS-VF-TBD的航迹起始方法.该方法综合利用了地波雷达回波谱中目标信号的展宽特征和运动特性,利用PS-VF-TBD方法对运动目标能量有效积累的特点,提高对疑似目标多帧信号间的关联概率,进而提高对真实目标的搜索概率和航迹起始成功率.通过地波...     

An overview of remote sensing of chlorophyll fluorescence

Besides empirical algorithms with the blue-green ratio, the algorithms based on fluorescence are also important and valid methods for retrieving chlorophyll-a concentration in the ocean waters, especially for Case II waters and the sea with algal blooming. This study reviews the history of initial cognitions, investigations and detailed approaches towards chlorophyll fluorescence, and then introduces the biological mechanism of fluorescence remote sensing and main spectral characteristics such as the positive correlation between fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration, the red shift phenomena. Meanwhile, there exist many influence factors that increase complexity of fluorescence remote sensing, such as fluorescence quantum yield, physiological status of various algae, substances with related optical property in the ocean, atmospheric absorption etc. Based on these cognitions, scientists have found two ways to calculate the amount of fluorescence detected by ocean color sensors: fluorescence line height and reflectance ratio. These two ways are currently the foundation for retrieval of chlorophyl l - a concentration in the ocean. As the in-situ measurements and synchronous satellite data are continuously being accumulated, the fluorescence remote sensing of chlorophyll-a concentration in Case II waters should be recognized more thoroughly and new algorithms could be expected.     

基于遥感和实测数据对台风LEO和SOULIK期间的飞沫热通量研究

本文应用高风速条件下海面动力粗糙度长度,拓展了COARE3.0块体通量算法,考虑高风速下,海洋飞沫对热通量的贡献。利用GSSTF3(Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes Version 3)遥感产品、GSSTF_NCEP(National Centers Environmental Prediction)再分析资料和浮标KEO实测数据,探讨了中国南海台风LEO和西北太平洋台风SOULIK期间湍流热通量的变化。研究结果表明:感热通量与潜热通量相比很小;台风的轨迹与潜热通量的分布密切相关且在台风轨迹的东偏北区域潜热通量数值大;在热带低压之前,原潜热通量与改进后潜热通量的差值即飞沫热通量很小,随着台风等级的增加,飞沫热通量也增加。当台风LEO达到最高即台风级别时原潜热通量达到300W/m2,飞沫热通量与原通量的比值高达12%,而台风SOULIK达到强台风级别时原潜热通量达到1000W/m2,飞沫热通量与原通量的比值达到20%,显著高于台风LEO,飞沫效应更明显。     

A cross-ecosystem comparison of spatial and temporal patterns of covariation in the recruitment of functionally analogous fish stocks

Temporal and spatial patterns of recruitment (R) and spawning stock biomass (S) variability were compared among functionally analogous species and similar feeding guilds from six marine ecosystems. Data were aggregated into four regions including the Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank, the Norwegian/Barents Seas, the eastern Bering Sea, and the Gulf of Alaska. Variability was characterized by calculating coefficients of variation and anomalies for three response variables: ln(R), ln(R/S), and stock–recruit model residuals. Patterns of synchrony and asynchrony in the response variables were examined among and between ecosystems, between- and within-ocean basins and among functionally analogous species groups using pair-wise correlation analysis corrected for within-time series autocorrelation, multivariate cross-correlation analyses and regime shift detectors. Time series trends in response variables showed consistent within basin similarities and consistent and coherent differences between the Atlantic and Pacific basin ecosystems. Regime shift detection algorithms identified two broad-scale regime shift time periods for the pelagic feeding guild (1972–1976 and 1999–2002) and possibly one for the benthic feeding guild (1999–2002). No spatial patterns in response variable coefficients of variation were observed. Results from multivariate cross-correlation analysis showed similar trends. The data suggest common external factors act in synchrony on stocks within ocean basins but temporal stock patterns, often of the same species or functional group, between basins change in opposition to each other. Basin-scale results (similar within but different between) suggest that the two geographically broad areas are connected by unknown mechanisms that, depending on the year, may influence the two basins in opposite ways. This work demonstrates that commonalities and synchronies in recruitment fluctuations can be found across geographically distant ecosystems but biophysical causes of the fluctuations remain difficult to identify.     

The algorithms of chlorophyll-a concentration for CMODIS

The algorithms of extracting chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) concentration have been established for Chinese moderate resolution imaging spectrometer(CMODIS) mounted on Shenzhou-3 spaceship launched on 25 March 2002.The CMODIS is an ocean color sensor with 30 visible channels and 4 infrared channels,much different from other ocean color satellites and needs new algorithms to process data.Three models of Chl-a concentration were established based on Chl-a data retrieved from sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor(SeaWiFS),with the average relative errors of 26.6%,24%.0% and 33.5%,respectively.This practical and economic approach can be used for developing the algorithms of Chinese ocean color and temperature sensor(COCTS) on the satellite Haiyang-1 to derive the Chl-a concentration concentration distribution.The applicability of the algorithms was analyzed using some in situ measurements.Suspended sediment is the main factor influencing the accuracy of the spectral ratio algorithms of Chl-a concentration.The algorithms are suitable to using in the regions where suspended sediment concentrations(SSC) are less than 5 g/m3 under the condition of relative error of Chl-a concentration retrieval within 35%.High concentration of suspended sediment leads to the overestimate remote sensing retrieval of concentration of Chl-a,while low-middle SSCs lead to the low Chl-a concentration values using the spectral ratio algorithms.Since the accuracy of Chl-a concentration by the spectral ratio algorithms is limited to waters of Case 2,it is necessary to develop semi-analytical models to improve the performance of satellite ocean color remote sensing in turbid coastal waters.