共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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《物探与化探》2020,(2)
"滤波技术"是航空重力测量数据处理中的关键性核心技术之一。针对"小波"滤波这一核心技术,本文研究、设计了小波低通滤波器,用于航空重力测量数据处理。基于小波包分析方法,按估算的小波包分解层次对应的信号频率范围、低通滤波器的截止频率和小波包系数频率由小到大节点的排列顺序,优化设计小波包树。研究分析了不同小波的主要特性,选用正交或双正交小波,采用本文提出的阈值处理方案和设计的小波低通滤波器,对GT-1A航空重力勘查系统的测量数据进行了滤波试验研究。结果表明,上述滤波方法和阈值处理方案是可行的,在选用的小波中,离散Meyer小波滤波器滤波效果最佳,获得与GT-1A系统滤波结果几乎同样满意的滤波效果,二者滤波结果的均方差值在0.2~0.3 mGal之间。 相似文献
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提出了一种用于边坡位移监测的微机电系统双轴测斜仪原始采集数据累计位移的降噪算法,通过采用卡尔曼滤波器与Hamming窗FIR滤波器组合滤波的方法,对MEMS双轴测斜仪自身以及外部环境因素影响产生的高频噪声和随机噪声能够实现较好地去除,从而可提高监测数据的处理与解释精度。在原始采集数据高频异常振荡较大的区域,先卡尔曼滤波再Hamming窗FIR滤波其输出数据更符合实际应用,趋势拟合更好。 相似文献
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海陆过渡区是海洋与陆地复合与交叉的地理单元,是资源与环境条件最为优越的地区,将航空重力与地面重力有效融合,形成连续的重力场资料,对海陆过渡区资源与环境评价具有重要意义。本文选择日照—连云港海陆过渡区为示范区,开展了航空重力数据与地面重力数据的融合研究。通过数据整理与对比分析,总结了数据间系统差的确定方法,提出了空地重力数据间一致性与差异性的评估方法,并分别采用剖面和平面两种形式对数据间的一致性和差异性进行了量化评估;在数据量化评估的基础上,采用平面均方根误差法分别对混合法与缝合法的数据拼接质量进行了定量评价,为数据融合方法的选择提供了定量依据。研究结果表明,日照—连云港海陆过渡区航空重力与地面重力数据间剖面上的一致系数为0. 81~0. 99,平面上的一致系数为0. 95,数据间一致性较高,具备较好的数据融合基础;对比试验表明,缝合法对于海陆过渡区空地重力数据融合效果更佳,采用缝合法融合后的重力数据与原始空地重力数据间的均方差分别为2. 63×10 -5 m/s 2 、0. 98×10 -5 m/s 2 ,取得了较好的融合效果。日照—连云港海陆过渡区空地重力数据的融合,为同类地区开展多源重力数据的融合提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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归一化总梯度法对下半空间的重力总梯度模进行归一化计算,从而利用极值来获得地质体的分布,但现有计算方法存在计算精度较低的问题,并且计算结果不太稳定。本文采用Hartley变换,并引入新的余弦滤波因子,实现重力归一化总梯度,来压制高频干扰;此外,针对计算过程中下延深度越大干扰越严重的弊端,将余弦滤波因子的幂次设计为随深度变化的函数,从而获得更加稳定的计算结果。模型试验和在玲珑金矿区采空区的实际数据结果表明,所提出的重力归一化总梯度法具有计算速度快、精度高、稳定性强等优点。 相似文献
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《Mathematical Geology》1997,29(5):653-668
Filtering either through the electronics of an instrument or through digital procedure is performed routinely on geophysical
data. When velocity fluctuations are measured in turbulent flows using electromagnetic current meters (ECMs), a builtin lowpass
Butterworth filter of order n usually attenuates fluctuations at high frequencies. However, the effects of this filter may
not be acknowledged in turbulence studies, thus impeding comparisons between data collected with different ECMs. This paper
explores the implications of the filters on the characteristics of velocity signals, mainly on variance, power spectra, and
correlation analyses. Variance losses resulting from filtering can be important but will vary with the order n of the Butterworth
filter, decreasing as n increases. Knowing the filter response, it is possible to reconstruct the original signal spectrum
to evaluate the effect of filtering on variance and to allow comparisons between data collected with different instruments.
The autocorrelation function also is affected by filtering which increases the value of the coefficients in the first lags,
resulting in an overestimation of the integral length scale of coherent structures. These important effects add to those related
to size and shape differences in ECM sensors and must be taken into account in comparative studies. 相似文献
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Least squares collocation is a very comprehensive method for gravity field modelling, since it may use known noise characteristics of the data. In many earlier applications the errors affecting the data were considered uncorrelated, mainly due to the difficulty in estimating the systematic character of such kind of errors. In this study, error covariance functions of airborne gravity gradiometer data are estimated by comparing model covariance functions with empirical covariance functions of the gravity gradiometer data. The model covariance functions were estimated from accurate surface gravity data and continuated upward to the height of the airborne measurements using the covariance propagation law. The estimated error covariance functions were modeled as finite ones and used as an additional information for the prediction of gravity anomalies from gravity gradiometer data. The assessment of the prediction results was made by comparing the gravity values predicted from the airborne gradient data and showed up to 25% improvement compared to not using correlated errors. 相似文献
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陆相沉积的天文地层研究方法简介——以井下地层为例 总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2
XU Dao-yi ) ZHANG Hai-feng ) HAN Yan-ben ) YIN Zhi-qiang ) LI Bao-li ) YAO Yi-min ) ) Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing ) Geological Scientific Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield Company SINOPEC Dongying ) National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 《地层学杂志》2007,(Z2)
通过对我国大陆三十余口井的测井资料研究成果,归纳出对陆相地层进行天文地层研究的方法。介绍了所用的新的天文周期理论值、测井资料的选取及预处理方法,重点说明谱分析的数据点数的选定、不同参数(自然伽玛、自然电位和岩屑)的测井资料谱分析结果的对比,以实例说明如何选定主要优势旋回和AR值,以及FIR数字滤波器的基本性质和数字滤波结果,小波分析的特点和通过小波图进行调频的方法,并介绍了地层单位的延续时间计算和年龄确定方法。 相似文献
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重磁位场数据处理解释的主要任务之一是研究推断地质体的边界位置,而通过对重磁位场数据进行一定方法滤波处理后的相关图件可直观显示地质体的边界。小子域滤波法是众多滤波方法中的一种,前人利用小子域滤波法识别地质体边界位置有较多的研究,目前已有10种类型的小子域滤波法,但是鲜有对10种方法滤波效果的系统研究,给使用者带来诸多不便。因此,设计2组理论模型对比了10种方法的处理效果,并根据试验分析优选了最佳的滤波参数。理论模型与实际资料处理结果表明,滑动形子域滤波法对地质体边界增强的效果最好,且滤波窗口选择5×5数据点、迭代1次即可;对称形子域滤波法在滤除随机噪声的同时能够较好的保持原始异常场的梯度变化特征,滤波窗口选择5×5数据点、迭代2次较好。 相似文献
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Mahmoud Mehramuz Hossein Zomorrodian Khadijeh Ahmadi Majid Mahood 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(10):3853-3864
The separation of residual gravity anomaly from regional gravity has considerably been studied for many years in gravity explorations. In addition, it is considered as a critical step in gravity data inversion. Some techniques have been developed for regional–residual anomaly separation both in space and frequency domains. One of these techniques for computing the regional anomaly is nonlinear filtering. In this paper, some techniques such as low-pass filtering, Butterworth, upward continuation, and nonlinear filtering are used to on synthetic gravity data in present of random noise and noise free for the purpose of residual–regional anomaly separation. The obtained results of techniques are compared with each other. The results have shown that separation methods are so efficient where synthetic models are located in shallow depth. Moreover, it is found that in comparison with other separation techniques, nonlinear filtering is more efficient in residual–regional anomaly separation and upward continuation technique is more efficient than Butterworth filter and low-pass filter. In addition, all of the obtained results have shown that Butterworth and low-pass filters are the same. 相似文献
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航空电磁数据中经常存在条带状误差,为消除这种误差,通常采用窗口滤波。但是,窗口参数及滤波参数要求极为严格,且不能区分调平误差和其类似大小的地质异常,需要操作者多次尝试以寻求合适的处理参数。这里提出了导数突变点统计法,该方法首先在沿伪切割线方向(垂直飞行方向),对网格化的航空电磁数据求取伪切割线的导数,采用高通滤波方法滤掉幅值比较小的导数突变点;然后统计每条航线上的突变点个数,根据预设的阈值,确定出存在条带误差的航线;再针对这条航线上的数据,采用均值滤波得到调平结果。导数突变点统计法能自动找出存在误差的航线,并只针对误差线进行滤波,能有效消除条带状误差,极大地保留真实地质异常。导数突变点统计方法算法简单,输入参数少,数据处理速度快,为航空电磁数据调平提供了一种新思路。 相似文献