辽西地区燕山板内造山带早中生代构造变形的年代学限定

在辽西进行的构造研究确认了这里曾经在早中生代期间发生过几次重要的构造变形事件,地质上,这几次构造变形的时代被限定在中三叠世老虎沟组沉积之后到晚侏罗世髫髻山/蓝旗组火山岩喷发之前.期间,第一期逆冲推覆构造被水泉沟组不整合覆盖,第二期逆冲推覆构造被髫髻山组/蓝旗组不整合覆盖.本文通过对水泉沟组火山岩、邓杖子组火山岩砾石、髫髻山组底部火山岩以及侵位到逆冲构造岩片中的安山玢岩脉体进行锆石SHRIMP法U-Pb定年,比较准确地限定了燕山板内造山带早中生代几次构造变形的时代.这对于研究燕山板内造山带早期变形特征和变形历史、研究整个燕山造山带的变形过程都具有重要的意义.     

辽西牛营子地区晚三叠世逆冲构造

燕山陆内造山带侏罗纪的构造及其研究已广为报道，但确凿的三叠纪构造分析明显不足，对辽西凌源牛营子地区详细的构造地质调查揭示该区晚三叠世晚期存在的逆冲构造，盆地东部中侏罗世郭家店组之下覆盖着一套晚三叠世逆冲叠瓦构造，其运动指向，黄土坡以西逆冲叠瓦构造由西向东推覆；黄土坡以北弧形断裂由北向南逆冲，为派生的运动。逆冲断裂带控制的槽地之中发育同逆冲期邓杖子组灰岩－－白云岩质角砾砾岩，我们的资料表明，对杖子组时代应属晚三叠世晚期，与晚三叠世老虎沟组基本是连续过渡的，原定牛营子盆地早－中侏罗世地层是倒置的，正常的晚三叠世－中侏罗世地层序列自下而上应为老虎沟组，邓杖子组，水泉沟组，郭家店组，晚三叠世晚期逆冲构造事实的确定说明，燕山陆内造山带至少从晚三叠世起就经历了强烈的变形，其早期形变历史对于认识区域构造演化和陆内变形的发展过程具有重要意义。     

燕山板内造山带早期构造变形演化--以辽西凌源太阳沟地区为例

燕山地区位于华北板块的东北部 ,自晚古生代华北板块与蒙古板块的拼合后 ,燕山地区进入板内构造演化阶段。以往燕山造山带的研究主要集中于中侏罗世开始的燕山运动 ,而对已经发现的印支期构造的详细研究比较缺乏。通过对辽西凌源太阳沟地区进行详细的构造解剖分析和大比例尺地质填图 ,揭示出在晚三叠世到早侏罗世期间 ,该区经历了三次重要的构造变形。即晚三叠世到早侏罗世早期 ,发育由东往西逆冲的后展式逆冲推覆 ,早侏罗世晚期由西往东逆冲的前展式逆冲推覆和早侏罗世晚期崩塌滑覆构造。三期构造变形显示了燕山造山带早期构造的非极性演化特征 ,也显示了燕山地区的快速抬升和剥露过程。短时期内三期逆冲构造推覆方向的反转 ,显示了板内变形的特征 ,结合已经确定的变形时代及构造指向 ,作者认为它们很可能是对晚三叠世秦岭—大别碰撞带和侏罗—白垩纪蒙古—鄂霍茨克碰撞带的远程构造响应的结果     

辽西地区构造系统的形成与东北亚区域构造演化

燕山造山带东部辽西地区的构造填图，地质研究，以及中生代火山－沉积岩系的同位素资料 ，提供了东北亚和燕山板内造山带的演化历史。华北板块北部燕山－辽西地区自中元古宙至中生代，与整个华北克拉通一起，接受相同的地台盖层沉积，其沉积历史完全相同。在中晚三叠世之后，该区沉积了中生代火山碎屑岩和陆相沉积岩，并发生强烈的构造变形，这才有别于华北克拉通的其它稳定区。同位素资料表明，兴隆沟期火山岩，蓝旗期火山岩和义县期火山岩形成时间分别为200－170Ma,170-155Ma,140-100Ma。按构造成因和系统的指导思想，将该区构造构造归并成3种构造系统，即逆冲推覆构造系，正滑断裂系和走滑断裂系。这3种断裂系统的发育顺序是：逆冲推覆构造形成于早白垩世中期（相当于义县组，九佛堂组之间的界面）；正滑断裂构造系是九佛堂组和阜新组的同沉积构造；走滑断裂构造系形成最晚，为晚白垩世形成的构造。其中早期逆冲推覆构造起了主导作用，奠定了本区构造格局的基本格架，晚期构造的叠加并未从根本上改变已有的构造格局。三叠纪到早白垩世期间，在欧亚板块向南挤压和古太平洋板块向北向西方向的挤压作用下，于早白垩世中期形成本区的逆冲推覆构造；早白垩世晚期受古来洲大陆区域扩张的影响，形成了辽西地区的正滑断裂系，晚白垩世北北东向的走滑断裂系形成则与郯庐断裂活动有关。     

辽西地区中生代构造格局及其形成演化

在横穿辽西地区构造变形剖面及重点区段的详细构造解析的基础上 ,结合构造变形、沉积组合、岩浆岩特征及同位素年代学等资料 ,对辽西地区中生代以来的总体构造格局进行了厘定 ,认为辽西地区中生代主要构造格局由印支期的东西向褶皱 -逆冲构造、早燕山期的北东向叠瓦状逆冲推覆构造、晚燕山期早期的北东向“盆 -岭”构造、晚燕山晚期的北北东向左行走滑构造组成     

准噶尔盆地东北缘乌伦古坳陷中生代逆冲推覆构造

乌伦古坳陷位于准噶尔盆地的东北缘,中生代以来逆冲断裂特别发育。本文通过对典型二维地震剖面进行构造解释,结合平衡剖面的正演方法,对乌伦古坳陷内逆冲推覆构造的分带性、分期性和拓展方式及动力过程进行研究。研究认为乌伦古坳陷内部逆冲推覆构造从北向南分为根部带的红岩断阶带、中部带的索索泉凹陷、前锋带的喀拉萨依断裂。剖面平衡结果显示,从晚三叠世到白垩纪,准噶尔盆地东北缘受到自北向南的挤压作用,逆冲断裂整体表现出基底卷入的前展式叠瓦逆冲的特点,具有从北向南拓展规律,即北部断裂活动较早,而南部断裂活动较晚。对比平衡剖面不同时代地层的收缩率变化可知,逆冲断裂活动总体可以划分为4个演化阶段:印支末期、燕山早期、燕山中期和燕山晚期。其中印支期是逆冲体系的启动期;燕山早期为主活动期,逆冲活动波及全区;燕山中期逆冲活动表现为震荡特征;燕山晚期逆冲活动微弱。中生代前期,乌伦古坳陷地区的逆冲体系形成的动力主要来自南阿尔泰造山带持续挤压,中生代后期叠加了北天山造山带自南向北的推覆挤压,使坳陷南部喀拉萨依断裂具有了走滑性质,该走滑活动与准噶尔内部微块体之间发生挤出-逃逸的调节过程有关。     

东昆仑南部晚新生代逆冲推覆构造系统

通过对东大滩—东温泉地区的路线地质观测与构造填图,在东昆仑南部发现晚新生代大型逆冲推覆构造系统。沿低角度逆冲断层,早二叠世大理岩和早三叠世砂板岩自北向南逆冲推覆于古新统—始新统风火山群紫红色砾岩和渐新世砖红色砂砾岩之上,形成大量不同规模的飞来峰;沿主逆冲断层发育厚层断层角砾岩与断层泥,局部形成碳酸盐质糜棱岩。东昆仑南部逆冲推覆构造的发育时代为渐新世晚期—中新世早期,主要形成、活动时期为26～13.5Ma;估算最小逆冲推覆距离为30～35km,最小逆冲推覆运动速率为2.4～2.8mm/a。东昆仑南部晚新生代逆冲推覆构造运动与现今山脉快速隆升存在着动力学成因联系。     

广西十万大山前陆冲断推覆构造

通过十万大山盆地内地震剖面资料和ＴＭ遥感图象的地质构造解译,结合重力资料和野外地质观察及构造分析,阐述了十万大山前陆冲断推覆构造的发育特征和前陆盆地的构造演化。前陆冲断推覆构造由３个不同的构造变形带组成：卷入海西和印支期花岗岩体的逆冲断裂带、充填中生代陆相沉积并发生构造滑脱的前陆盆地和对应于华南准地台的前陆腹地。冲断推覆构造的形成和演化是与中、晚古生代钦州海槽晚二叠世的褶皱回返和中生代相继的构造复活密切联系的,它经历了３期主要构造应力作用事件：晚二叠世海西运动晚幕为冲断推覆构造的雏形期,晚三叠世印支运动晚幕的近ＳＮ向挤压是陆相前陆盆地的发育期;早白垩世末期燕山运动主幕ＮＷ—ＳＥ向挤压是现今十万大山前陆冲断推覆构造的成型期。     

辽西地区中生代板内造山带挤压作用与收缩构造

辽西地区中生代地层发育,挤压作用强烈,可划分为中三叠世末、晚三叠世末、早侏罗世末、晚侏罗世末、早白垩世末和白垩纪末六个时期,其中以晚侏罗世末期最为强烈.每时期都形成了褶皱、逆冲断层等收缩构造形迹,由早期至晚期,挤压作用减弱,每次挤压收缩作用,均使先期地层褶皱、冲断,沉积盆地萎缩消亡,上升隆起,或对盆地进行改造.三叠纪时期总体处于近南北向强烈挤压的古构造应力场;而在侏罗纪以后,转为北西-南东向挤压为主的应力场.     

阴山中生代地壳逆冲推覆与伸展变形作用

研究区属燕山-阴山中生代板内造山带西段的重要组成部分.依据变形特征和物质组成,可以分为北部构造活动带、中部隆起带和南部构造活动带3个不同的构造区.以中部隆起带为中心,在南北两侧的构造活动带中的构造样式和变形机制呈反向对称出现.逆冲构造和伸展构造在时间和空间上密切共生.在印支期-燕山早期地壳以逆冲挤压变形机制为主,形成了色尔腾山逆冲推覆体系和大青山逆冲推覆体系,而燕山晚期阶段在逆冲岩席上产生了背向伸展变形作用,形成了同构造的早白垩世呼和浩特-包头盆地和固阳盆地.     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861