地震地质综合解释在辽河油田东部凹陷中段构造解释的应用

地震资料解释一个地区时综合使用地震和地质资料非常重要。作者在辽河油田东部凹陷的构造解释中,首先,利用野外观察到的地质构造现象, 建立地质露头模型;然后根据典型露头照片所示的构造特征对断层进行组合和构造解释;进而结合地震剖面特征分析油气的运移、聚集和成藏特征。通过地震地质综合解释的研究,推断出研究区内的走滑断层为油气的主控因素,走滑断层发育地区为油气富集的有利地带,同时对黄沙坨和欧利坨子油田的构造样式以及和油气之间关系进行了分析和研究。     

关于菏泽－昆山北西向地震带的建立及其意义

根据地质构造、地震稠密区走向和地震迁移活动的规律，并结合重力和航磁资料探讨了菏冷昆山北西向地震带的存在及其规模和范围。这一地震带，无论在历史上或近期均甚活跃，对江淮流域及沪、杭、甬地区构成一定的震灾威胁，值得引起有关方面的重视，并予加强研究和监测。     

关于菏泽－昆山北西向地震带的建立及其意义

根据地质构造、地震稠密区走向和地震迁移活动的规律，并结合重力和航磁资料探讨了菏冷昆山北西向地震带的存在及其规模和范围。这一地震带，无论在历史上或近期均甚活跃，对江淮流域及沪、杭、甬地区构成一定的震灾威胁，值得引起有关方面的重视，并予加强研究和监测     

走滑活动断裂的障碍体与地震破裂的关系

系统收集了中国大陆走滑活动断裂带上障碍体（阶区）与地震破裂的资料,探讨了障碍体止裂尺度与地震破裂的关系及其分段意义。统计分析表明,走滑活动断裂带上地震的震级与障碍体的阶距、阶距与次级段长度具有较好的线性关系。障碍体的阶距可以作为判定地震破裂止裂尺度的极重要标志,是进行破裂分段的前提和基础。     

1668年郯城8(1/2)级地震断裂的某些特征

本文以野外考察资料为基础,着重研究了1668年郯城(8)1/2级地震断裂的几何形态、运动方式和逆断层束及其在古地震研究中的应用等问题。     

中国大陆走滑断层段强震非均匀分布特性及其在工程地震中的应用

通过对中国大陆51条以走滑活动为主的断层段上强震分布的统计分析，得出强震沿活动断层段的分布是非均匀的，具有趋近段落中心的特点。并建立了强震沿活动断层段的非均匀分布模型，其概率分布密度p(K)与K的关系可以表述为p(K)=1．1206e^-3947K^2(K为宏观震中到断层段中心的距离与断层段半长度之比)。地震危险性分析结果表明，相对于均匀模型，采用非均匀模型导致了地震危险性分析结果有意义的变化，特别是对高震级档年发生率较高的潜在震源区及其附近地区的地震危险性分析结果有明显的影响。该非均匀模型的应用对地震爪小区划和重大工程场地地震安全性评价有一定的意义。     

中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型

大陆钻探区地震资料的解释正确与否取决于对该区确定地震波速模型, 地震波速模型的确定是反射地震处理极为困难的问题.中国大陆科学钻探提供了难得的深孔岩性、构造与地球物理测井资料,可以对结晶岩区地震资料时深转换的精度与地震波速模型的确定进行检验.本文介绍了科学钻探前根据地表资料建立波速模型的方法及钻探后由钻孔资料建立波速模型的方法.由地表资料建立的波速模型其精度分布是不均匀的,其波速反演的方差将随深度成正比地放大,在有钻孔时应尽量根据钻孔资料加以修正.由地球物理测井和岩芯的波速测试结果建立的波速模型结予波速估计值均匀的约束,说明由钻孔资料取得的波速模型可以有效地降低在深部的误差,提高地震反射与岩性变化和波阻抗合成的地震道之间的相关性.为检验波速模型,由测井资料与波速模型作出的合成地震道与反射地震剖面对比时还必须考虑到井孔的实际轨迹,否则对比相关性可能明显减小.     

1679年三河-平谷8级地震近断层强地震动的有限元模拟

文中通过收集整理三河-平谷8级地震的历史记录、野外地质调查和区域地震等资料,建立了该地震的震源模型;以穿过研究区的12条测线和区域第四纪、新近纪、古近纪沉积等厚度图等资料为基础,建立了北京地区的传播介质模型;利用哈尔滨工程力学研究所的近断层强地震动有限元程序和40节点的高性能并行计算机计算了北京地区震后60s内地表各点的地震动速度时程和峰值速度。为检验模拟结果的质量,我们取2排测点的速度时程和水平向峰值速度等值线图进行了分析,发现计算结果与历史地震记录及实际地震观测资料吻合良好,说明了我们的模拟结果的可信性和模拟方法的客观性     

中国大陆地震趋势数学建模分析

按照中国大陆边界的划分方案,使用Mapsis软件选取了1900年以来Ms6．0级以上地震资料。使用数学中19阶多项式非线性函数建模,模型中的参数用最小二乘法求取。对地震资料进行最佳逼近拟合,并递推未来1～2年时间尺度预测。在此引用了一种数学方法来描述中国大陆地区的地震趋势规律。     

鲜水河断裂带的地震模拟

本文运用由弹簧—滑块模型来模拟走滑断层的地震活动,讨论了模型中断层强度、断层滑块间弹簧强度、滑块与驱动盘之间片簧强度、滑块摩擦力的影响,以及初始条件敏感性。并以我国最为典型的一条走滑断层———鲜水河断裂带为例,运用试错法调整模型参数以使发生的地震最大限度地逼近实际发生的地震,并利用最终结果讨论了鲜水河断裂带今后的活动性。     

大陆板内震源断层的特征

基于对大陆板内地震构造的分析,讨论了浅源地震与断层的关系。说明了震源断层概念,从构造环境和震源参数方面分析了大陆板内震源断层的特征。提出了A、B两种震源断层。它们各自具有不同的构造动力学背景,应采用不同的研究方法     

郯庐断裂带中段全新世活断层的特征滑动行为与特征地震

郯庐断裂带中段全新世活断层由３个独立的破裂段组成。从各破裂段的运动性质、位移分布看，断层的运动属特征地震型滑动。地震活动以强震活动为主，强震具有周期性原地重复发生的特点，且其强度基本相同；中强地震缺失或很少发生；ｂ值在高震级范围内具低ｂ值的非线性关系。这些特点正是特征地震的典型表现．根据郯庐断裂带中段活断层全新世以来的活动特点看，未来该区仍然以特征地震方式活动．按郯庐带的强震复发间隔和各段的最新一次活动时代推算，未来一段时期内新沂－宿迁段复发大震的可能性较大，安丘段次之，莒县－郯城段复发大震的可能性则很小。     

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF STRONG EARTHQUAKE ON THE RECURRENCE BEHAVIOR OF MAJOR EARTHQUAKE ON ACTIVE FAULT-TAKING THE MIDDLE-NORTH SECTION OF XIANSHUIHE FAULT AS AN EXAMPLE

It is of great significance to determine the factors and causes that affect the recurrence of major earthquakes. This paper introduces the influence of strong earthquake on the recurrence of major earthquakes according to elastic rebound theory, and then proposes to calculate the impact time Δt respectively from the effect of strong earthquakes on the same and surrounding faults on the major earthquake recurrence by using seismic moment release rate method and Coulomb stress change. In this paper, we studied the change amount of major earthquake recurrence by taking four earthquakes with magnitude greater than 6.5 occurring at different fracture sections of the Xianshuhe fault zone as an example, they occurred on Daofu, Changcu, Zhuwo Fault, respectively. We used seismic moment rate method to calculate the impact time Δt of strong earthquake on the recurrence of major earthquakes on the Daofu-Qianning Fault. We further discussed the effect of the Coulomb stress change due to the interaction between faults on the recurrence of subsequent major earthquakes. The co-seismic and post-seismic Coulomb stress changes caused by strong earthquake on the surrounding faults on the Ganzi-Luhuo Fault are calculated. With the fault interaction considered, the importance of the interaction between faults in the middle-north section of the Xianshuihe fault zone to change the recurrence of large earthquakes is retested and evaluated. The results indicate that the two strong earthquakes occurring along Xianshuihe Fault in 1904(M=7.0) and 1981(M=6.9) resulted in a delay of 80 years and 45 years of major earthquake recurrence on the Daofu-Qianning Fault respectively, and the M7.3 earthquake in 1923 and the M6.8 earthquake in 1967 resulted in an advance of 35 years of major earthquake recurrence on the Ganzi-Luhuo Fault.     

MIGRATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES IN TIBETAN BLOCK AREA AND DISSCUSSION ON MAJOR ACTIVE REGION IN THE FUTURE

On the basis of summarizing the circulation characteristics and mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude 7 or above in continental China, the spatial-temporal migration characteristics, mechanism and future development trend of earthquakes with magnitude above 7 in Tibetan block area are analyzed comprehensively. The results show that there are temporal clustering and spatial zoning of regional strong earthquakes and large earthquakes in continental China, and they show the characteristics of migration and circulation in time and space. In the past 100a, there are four major earthquake cluster areas that have migrated from west to east and from south to north, i.e. 1)Himalayan seismic belt and Tianshan-Baikal seismic belt; 2)Mid-north to north-south seismic belt in Tibetan block area; 3)North-south seismic belt-periphery of Assam cape; and 4)North China and Sichuan-Yunnan area. The cluster time of each area is about 20a, and a complete cycle time is about 80a. The temporal and spatial images of the migration and circulation of strong earthquakes are consistent with the motion velocity field images obtained through GPS observations in continental China. The mechanism is related to the latest tectonic activity in continental China, which is mainly affected by the continuous compression of the Indian plate to the north on the Eurasian plate, the rotation of the Tibetan plateau around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and the additional stress field caused by the change of the earth's rotation speed.
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with M_S7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out.     

华北地壳应力场的基本特征

地壳应力场的研究是地震学中的一个基本课题。本文根据对四个方面资料的分析得到了华北地区（φ30°-41°N,λ105°-124°E）地壳应力场的基本特征。这些资料是:1.地震机制,包括1937年至1979年地震的断层面解和最近十多年中的小地震综合断层面解;2.地震时的地面裂缝;3.公元143年至1976年41次M≥6地震的等震线的长轴方位;4.某些大地震地区的大地测量结果。这是一个一致性相当好的应力场,其最大压应力轴为北东东向,最小压应力轴为北北西向,并且都近于水平向。 从一些大地震的观测事实来看,具有这种一致性应力场的范围要比华北地区大,在远离华北的地方,仍表现出同华北以内相似的地壳应力场。这个事实表明,上述地壳应力场的来源,不限于华北地壳内部,而同更大规模的构造运动有关。欧亚板块、印度洋板块同太平洋板块三者之间的相互作用,以及华北所处远离板块边缘的特殊位置,可能是造成该应力场特征的主要原因。     

活动断裂带中地震分布时空结构的信息维 D1sub>特征初探

活动断裂带中地震时空分布的信息维 D1避免了容量维 D0的缺陷,考虑了每一地震事件对信息所作的贡献,从新的角度反映了地震分布时空结构特征.计算表明,炉霍大震前鲜水河断裂带地震分布时间结构信息维 D1=0.1051,这是该区大震活动的一个参考性判据.安宁河断裂带十七年现今地震分布时间结构信息维:北段,D1（tN）=0.1363;南段,D1（tS）=0.06710.地震空间分布信息维:北段,D1（KN）=1.053;南段,D1（Ks）=0.7758.南北两段分属信息维维数不同的两个自相似系统.南段地震活动自组织程度较高.这有助于强震重点监测区内主要危险段的判定地震时空分布 D1特征探索对于活断层研究以及地震预报都有一定的意义.      

层状断层与地震关系初探

通过讨论层状断层的性质、特点以及与正断层、逆断层和走滑断层的相互关系,探讨了大陆板内地震的发震机制,指出许多地震的震源位于层状断层面上,有些地震在地表找不到相应的地震构造的原因是由层间滑动所引起。     

鲜水河断裂带上特征地震的初步研究

特征地震是大地震原地重复的重要表现形式.现有资料的初步研究表明,鲜水河断裂带上大地震属特征地震模式,其地震破裂长度、同震位错量以及断层错动方式,在原地保持较长时间的一致性.由于大地震屡屡在原地重复发生,沿断裂特定地段累积位错分布与一次地震的位错相一致,从而导致断层滑动速率的同步变化.本文以1973年炉霍地震为例,研究了鲜水河断裂的特征地震现象.该段的地震活动属特征地震模式,不服从古登堡-里克特的线性震级频度关系.特征地震不仅对断错地貌、滑动速率有重要的影响,由于这种地震模式是以特定震级的大地震为主导,几乎没有中等震级地震发生,这对地震活动性研究也具有重要的意义.      

花岗岩非稳态流变实验

脆塑性转化带对于研究岩石圈变形、断层强度和变形机制以及强震的孕育和发生具有重要意义.文中采用汶川地震震源区彭灌杂岩中具有代表性的细粒花岗岩样品,在固体压力介质三轴实验系统上开展了高温高压非稳态流变实验研究.实验设计模拟了汶川地震区地壳10～30km深度的实际温度和压力,温度为190～490℃,压力为250～750MPa...