重庆石柱地区介质非弹性衰减、台站场地响应及震源机制研究

采用多台多震源联合反演方法(Atkinson方法),利用重庆测震台网记录到的地震波形,计算了石柱及周边地区介质非弹性衰减(Q值);用Moya方法迭代反演台站场地响应;用CAP方法计算了石柱2010年以来ML≥2.5级地震的震源机制。得到Q值较低,台站响应1—20Hz不平坦,高频衰减较快,该区地震震源机制多数为正断的结论。     

北京及邻区Q值和台站场地响应分析

正Q值和场地响应是精确测定震源参数和震级的基础,可以提高地震台网产出资料质量,促进地震预报和地震危险性分析工作的发展。近几年来,北京及邻区存在的密集数字地震监测台网记录并积累了大量新的数字地震观测资料,利用这些资料来分析北京及邻区的Q值和台站的场地响应具有重要的意义。     

利用井下数字地震记录反演非弹性衰减系数震源参数和场地响应

利用天津地区近场井下数字地震波形记录,基于遗传算法,采用Atkinson方法得到了天津地区的品质因子Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=97.0f0.98.采用Moya方法反演了地震的震源参数和台站的场地响应.     

福建地震台网接入的台湾台站场地响应研究

福建地震台网接入了16个台湾台站,利用这些台站记录的92个地震波形资料,反演台湾地区的非弹性衰减和其中12个台站的场地响应,其非弹性衰减Q(f)=271.6f~(0.381);其场地响应低频部分在1附近波动,高频部分出现衰减;其中一个台在低频部分出现放大效应。经过研究,在计算台湾海峡地震的震源参数时可以提高计算精度,同时为下一步福建台网产出台湾地区地震的震源参数建立数据基础,丰富福建台网的数据服务内容。对震级校正、台站场地选点及评价、地震工程和灾害评估有一定的参考意义。     

紫坪铺水库库区介质衰减、台站响应和震源参数研究

利用紫坪铺水库数字地震台网和成都区域数字台网中的油榨坪台2004年8月到2008年5月12日汶川大地震前的紫坪铺库区2级以上地震波形资料,采用Atkinson方法计算了紫坪铺水库库区地震波非弹性衰减系数、几何扩散系数和介质品质因子;利用Moya等提出的方法计算了台站场地响应;对震源谱的低频水平和拐角频率进行了联合反演,并计算了紫坪铺库区287次1.6级以上地震的震源波谱参数,同时讨论了它们之间的关系。结果表明:紫坪铺库区Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=47.8×f0.91;场地响应均表现为与频率相关;紫坪铺库区小震地震矩、震级与震源谱拐角频率的依赖关系不明确,这可能与水库诱发地震有关     

福建地区地震波非弹性衰减Q值、场地响应及震源参数研究

利用Atkinson方法结合福建数字地震台网28个数字地震台记录的70个地震事件波形资料,对福建地区的非弹性衰减系数进行研究,得出福建地区介质平均Q值与频率f的关系式。利用Moya方法分别计算了福建台网"九五"和"十五"系统的台站场地响应,共获得37个地震台站的场地响应。最后根据Brune模型计算了2000年1月1日至2011年9月30日福建台网记录的省内及临近海域ML2.5以上157次地震的震源参数,这些地震ML震级与地震矩M0在单对数坐标下成线性关系,与震源尺度及应力降没有明显相关性。     

山西地区地震波衰减、场地响应及其在新参数地震目录中的应用

搜集山西数字地震台网数字波形资料,选取互相衔接的三段地震波几何衰减模型,利用基于遗传算法的Atkinson和Mereu方法,反演山西地区的地壳介质品质因子Q(f)。采用Brune的ω平方模型约束震源位移谱,使用Moya方法联合多台多地震观测数据,求出各地震台站的场地响应,并利用计算出的介质品质因子和各台站的场地响应结果,计算山西地区2015年1月至12月期间ML≥2.5级地震的震源新参数地震目录,并对这些新参数进行探讨,为震源新参数纳入山西台网的日常工作奠定基础。     

山西地区非弹性衰减系数、场地响应和震源参数的研究

根据山西数字地震台网14个地震台的310条波形资料,研究了山西地区的非弹性衰减系数,采用Atkinson和Moya方法研究了各台的场地响应和几个震源参数,并对这两种方法的反演结果进行了对比分析.得到山西地区介质品质因子Q值随频率f的关系为;Q(f)=323.2f0.506;得到的14个台站的场地响应均没有显示出明显的放大效应,这与山西台站均处于岩石地基相符;得到拐角频率和地震矩、地震矩和应力降、震源半径和应力降之间存在依赖关系.     

山西地区非弹性衰减系数、场地响应和几种震源参数的研究.

根据山西数字地震台网14个地震台的310条波形资料，研究了山西地区的非弹性衰减系数；采用Atkinson和Moya方法，研究了各台的场地响应和几种震源参数，并对这两种方法的反演结果进行了对比分析. 得到山西地区非弹性衰减Q值随频率f的关系为Q(f)=323.2f 0.506；得到的14个台站的场地响应均没有显示出明显的放大效应，这与山西台站均处于岩石地基相符；得到了拐角频率与地震矩、地震矩与应力降、震源半径与应力降之间存在依赖关系.      

利用数字地震台网资料联合反演福建地区Q值、场地响应和震源参数

文中利用福建数字地震台网1998年建网以来记录的2.5级以上地震的波形资料,采用Atkinson等提出的方法计算了福建地区地震波非弹性衰减系数、几何扩散系数和台站场地响应。考虑到该方法在计算台站场地响应时得到的结果是相对场地响应,利用Moya等提出的方法对台站场地响应进行重新计算,对震源谱的低频水平和拐角频率进行联合反演,并计算了参与反演的地震的新参数(地震矩、应力降和破裂半径),同时讨论了它们之间的关系。反演结果表明福建地区地壳平均Q值与频率的关系为Q=504.1×f0.332,而场地响应均表现为与频率相关并基本在1附近波动,这与福建数字地震台站基本建立在基岩之上的实际情况相符合。震源参数的计算结果表明,地震矩与震级以及震源谱拐角频率的相关性较好,而地震矩与应力降以及应力降与震源半径之间的依赖关系不很明确,这可能与参与计算的地震数量以及震级范围有关     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Dissolved Carbohydrate Concentration,Composition, and Bioavailability to Microbial Heterotrophs in Stream Water

Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC.