海洋重力测量误差补偿两步处理法

基于工程化应用的需要，对笔者原来提出的两种海洋重力测量误差补偿方法进行了简化，把原来严密的自检校平差简化为两步处理法，并深入分析了简化方法的技术和适用范围。利用一个实际观测网数据验证了两步处理法的有效性和可靠性。     

海洋测线网系统误差调整的秩亏网平差模型

提出了以测线为单位的测线网误差结构模型，发现和揭示了海洋测线网平差的秩亏特性，在此基础上，导出了海洋测线网系统误差处理的统一秩亏网平差模型，为测线网数据处理提供了实施方法，并从理论上证明了目前常用的半系统误差调整方式仅是本文秩亏网模型的特例。实例计算表明，该秩亏网平差模型具有更广泛的实用性。     

L&R海空重力仪测量误差综合补偿方法

为了削弱各类误差源的影响,提出了一种两阶段误差综合补偿方法:第一阶段采用相关分析法对仪器厂家标定的交叉耦合改正(CC改正)的不足进行修正;第二阶段采用测线网平差对各类剩余误差的综合影响进行补偿。实际观测数据处理结果验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

Marine gravity surveying line system adjustment

The general theories and methods of marine surveying line system adjustment were introduced in (1979) and Tang (1991) . According to the characteristics of marine gravity measurement, this paper presents a new method of combined adjustment which takes into account both direct and indirect influence of position errors. The method is particularly suitable to be used in the post- processing of marine gravity observation data. With some practical applications, it is proved to be effective in improving the quality of marine gravity data.     

Marine gravity and geoid determination by optimal combination of satellite altimetry and shipborne gravimetry data

. Satellite altimetry derived geoid heights and marine gravity anomalies can be combined to determine a detailed gravity field over the oceans using the least-squares collocation method and spectral combination techniques. Least-squares collocation, least-squares adjustment in the frequency domain and input-output system theory are employed to determine the gravity field (both geoid and anomalies) and its errors. This paper intercompares these three techniques using simulated data. Simulation studies show that best results are obtained by the input-output system theory among the three prediction methods. The least-squares collocation method gives results which are very close to but a little bit worse than those obtained using input-output system theory. This slightly poorer performance of the least-squares collocation method can be explained by the fact that it uses isotropic structured covariance (thus approximate signal PSD information) while the system theory method uses detailed signal PSD information. The method of least-squares adjustment in the frequency domain gives the poorest results among these three methods because it uses less information than the other two methods (it ignores the signal PSDs). The computations also show that the least-squares collocation and input-output system theory methods are not as sensitive to noise levels as the least-squares adjustment in the frequency domain method is. Received 19 January 1996; Accepted 17 July 1996     

海洋重力测量网自检校平差

海洋重力测量是在测量平台不断动态状态下进行的一种动态测量,由于受海浪起伏,风,流等扰动因素的干扰,海洋重力观测值将受到水平加速度,垂直加速度,交叉耦合以及Ｅｏｅｔｖｏｅｓ效应等于交错面干扰加速度的影响。最扣一个时期为了提高海洋重力测量成果的质量,世界各国海洋重力测量工作者曾就海洋重力观测网平差问题进行了大量的研究工作。     

A method of error adjustment for marine gravity with application to Mean Dynamic Topography in the northern North Atlantic

International compilations of marine gravity, such as the International Gravity Bureau (BGI) contain tens of millions of point data. Lemoine et al. (The Development of the Joint NASA GSFC and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) Geopotential Model EGM96, NASA/TP-1998-206861) chose not to include any marine gravity in the construction of the global gravity model EGM96. Instead they used synthetic anomalies derived from altimetry, so that no independent information about Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) can be deduced. Software has been developed not only to identify and correct those aspects of marine gravity data that are unreliable, but to do so in a way that can be applied to very large, ocean-wide data sets. First, we select only straight-line parts of ship-tracks and fit each one with a high-degree series of Chebyshev polynomials, whose misfit standard deviation is σ _line and measures the random error associated with point gravity data. Then, network adjustment determines how the gravity datum is offset for each survey. A free least squares adjustment minimises the gravity anomaly mismatch at line-crossing points, using σ _line to weight the estimate for each line. For a long, well crossed survey, the instrumental drift rate is also adjusted. For some 42,000 cross-over points in the northern Atlantic Ocean, network adjustment reduces the unweighted standard deviation of the cross-over errors from 4.03 to 1.58 mGal; when quality weighted, the statistic reduces from 1.32 to 0.39 mGal. The geodetic MDT is calculated combining the adjusted gravity anomalies and satellite altimetry, and a priori global ocean model through a new algorithm called the Iterative Combination Method. This paper reports a first demonstration that geodetic oceanography can characterise the details of basin wide ocean circulation with a resolution better than global ocean circulation models. The result matches regional models of ocean circulation from hydrography measurements (Geophys Res Lett 29:1896, 2002; J Geophys Res 108:3251, 2003).     

海空重力测量及应用技术研究若干进展

总结分析评述了海军重力研究团队在海空重力测量及应用技术研究领域取得的一些有理论意义和实用价值的研究成果,主要涵盖需求论证与顶层设计、观测数据归算与精度评估、测量误差分析处理与分离补偿、地表观测重力向上延拓、航空观测重力向下延拓、海域重力数据模型构建、地球外部重力场逼近和大地水准面精化等8个研究方向,重点从各项关键技术的研究背景、研究思路、难点突破、成果应用前景等几个方面进行了分析和总结,回答了该研究领域涉及理论方法和工程应用的一系列科学问题,为该领域未来发展提供借鉴和参考。     

北部湾经济区陆海统一似大地水准面精化关键技术研究北大核心CSCD

针对北部湾经济区生态文明建设、海洋资源利用和海洋应急救援事件处置等缺乏统一的陆海高程基准等难题,本文首先利用广西北部湾经济区2764项重力数据和8项GNSS水准数据,应用第二类Helmert凝聚法,反演得到广西北部湾海域及沿大陆海岸线向内陆延伸约15 000 km^(2)区域内置信度较高的重力似大地水准面;然后参考重力场选取EIGEN6C4模型,重力似大地水准面对比8项GNSS水准资料,其精度达2.2 cm;最后采用球冠调和分析方法,将2′×2′格网似大地水准面精度提高至1.6 cm,并将陆地高程基准传递到广西北部湾海域及其海岛上,实现该区域陆海高程基准的统一。     

Rank-defect adjustment model for survey-line systematic errors in marine survey net

In this paper, the structure of systematic and random errors in marine survey net are discussed in detail and the adjustment method for observations of marine survey net is studied, in which the rank-defect characteristic is discovered first up to now. On the basis of the survey-line systematic error model, the formulae of the rank-defect adjustment model are deduced according to modern adjustment theory. An example of calculations with really observed data is carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of this adjustment model. Moreover, it is proved that the semi-systematic error correction method used at present in marine gravimetry in China is a special case of the adjustment model presented in this paper.