星系团的引力透镜效应及宇宙微波背景辐射的各向异性

本研究了Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ随机分布的星系团作为引力透镜天体,其横向本动速度引起的运动引力透镜效应对宇宙背景辐射（ＣＢＲ）温度涨落各向异性的影响。对星系团的密度结构及其引力透镜效应,我们采用Ｈｅｒｎｑｕｉｓｔ模型,并在此基础上,利用星系团的统计理论,在冷蝉 物质及等曲率重子扰动模型框架下,计算了运动引力透镜效应对ＣＢＲ温度涨落各向异性的贡献。     

ISW效应对Yukawa引力势的检验

该文利用Integrated Sachs-Wolfe(ISW)效应探测宇宙大尺度引力势随时间的变化速率,从而能够在宇宙学尺度上检验引力的性质.以Yukawa引力势为例,探讨了利用ISW效应检验引力性质的能力.计算表明,ISW效应对引力的性质很敏感,通过与宇宙微波背景辐射实验WMAP五年的观测结果相比较,发现相对于牛顿常数,等效牛顿常数在宇宙学尺度上最多只有约2%的改变.     

星系团Abell 85的光度函数

基于NASA/IPAC河外星系数据库(NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database,NED)和Sloan数字巡天(Sloan Digital Sky Survey,SDSS)第8次释放的数据(The Eighth Data Release,DR8),对星系团Abell 85(以下简称A85)的2倍动力学特征半径2r_(200)内的光度函数(Luminosity Function,LF)进行了研究.研究表明,A85的光度函数在Sloan巡天5个波段用Schechter函数均能拟合得很好.在u、g和z波段光度函数都显示出1个下凹.早型星系r波段的两个最佳拟合参数(r波段特征绝对星等和暗端的陡度)分别为M_r~*=-21.14_(-0.17)~(+0.17)mag,α=-0.83_(-0.14)~(+0.12),晚型星系为M_r~*=-21.98_(-0.98)~(+0.84)mag,α=-1.5_(-0.35)~(+0.24).早型星系的特征星等暗于晚型星系,而暗端比晚型星系要平坦得多.早型星系的光度函数在-20.5~-20.0 mag下凹.将1.5r_(200)范围内的星系按距离团中心的远近划分为3个环状区域,发现距离团中心越近,光度函数的暗端越陡,特征星等越亮.     

星系团Abell 2199的恒星形成性质

通过对近邻星系团Abell 2199中290颗成员星系进行形态分类,研究这些星系的恒星形成率及其与形态和相关物理特性之间的关系.该星系团中星系的特征恒星形成率与Ha等值宽度、星系光谱在4000A处的跃变程度以及星系所包含的恒星质量之间有较强的相关性.这些星系的恒星形成活动没有表现出明显的环境效应,表明该星系团仍处在剧烈的动力学演化阶段,远没有达到动力学平衡.     

星系团Abell 85的动力学子结构

Abell 85是位于南半天区红移为0.055的cD星系团.基于前人的光谱观测数据和SDSS(Sloan Digital Sky Survey)数据,利用3σ方法筛选出该星系团的370个成员星系,并对其动力学情况进行了分析.从这些成员星系的空间分布和局域视向速度分布中,发现了该星系团含有4个明显的子结构,且正处于两两并合之中.这表明Abell 85处在动力学活跃的状态,远未达到动力学平衡.     

三轴椭圆星系形态与初始弥散速度分布

本文对具有初始几何形状及维里系数相同,但初始速度弥散度分布不同的三轴椭球进行了数值模拟。四个模型的最后质点分布及等密度轮廓的图象表明,三轴椭球的塌缩是与初始弥散速度的分布密切相关的。而不同的初始弥散速度分布可能与原星系在薄饼中不同的碎裂时刻有关。     

宇宙微波背景辐射的观测和理论

介绍了有关宇宙微波背景辐射（ＣＢＲ）观测和理论研究的最新进展。叙述了基于ＣＯＢＥ卫星的观测宇宙学,包括对背景辐射谱,各向异性的观测结果及其理论意义;并系统介绍了ＣＢＲ各向异性形成的种种机制;展望了下一代宇宙微波背景探测器（ＭＡＰ和ＰＬＡＮＣＫ）的科学目标和主要技术参数。     

8个富星系团的视向速度成员研究

本文利用在考虑团内星系面数密度分布的前提下，以视向速度为判据，按最大似然原理解算团分布参数和成员概率的严格统计方法，对8个Abell星系团进行了成员研究．解算结果表明此方法是合理的、有效的，星系团的速度弥散度分布与动力学模型一致．有迹象表明椭长形的结构在星系团中是一种普遍现象．从这8个团得到了清晰的NA－σc的相关关系，进而推知团的质光比为100～600h，平均350h．     

Surveying the sky with the Arcminute MicroKelvin Imager: expected constraints on galaxy cluster evolution and cosmology

We discuss prospects for cluster detection via the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in a blank field survey with the interferometer array, the Arcminute MicroKelvin Imager (AMI). Clusters of galaxies selected in the SZ effect probe cosmology and structure formation with little observational bias, because the effect measures integrated gas pressure directly, and does so independently of cluster redshift.
We use hydrodynamical simulations in combination with the Press–Schechter expression to simulate SZ cluster sky maps. These are used with simulations of the observation process to gauge the expected SZ cluster counts. Even with a very conservative choice of parameters we find that AMI will discover at least several tens of clusters every year with     the numbers depend on factors such as the mean matter density, the density fluctuation power spectrum and cluster gas evolution. The AMI survey itself can distinguish between these to some degree, and parameter degeneracies are largely eliminated given optical and X-ray follow-up of these clusters; this will also permit direct investigation of cluster physics and what drives the evolution.     

Relativist ic Corrections to the Thermal Sunyaev-Zel''''dovich Power Spectrum

We present a quantitative estimate of the relativistic corrections to the thermal SZ power spectrum produced by the energetic electrons in massive clusters. The corrections are well within 10% for current experiments with working frequencies below v < 100 GHz, but become non-negligible at high frequencies v > 350 GHz. Moreover, the corrections appear to be slightly smaller at higher l or smaller angular scales. We conclude that there is no need to include the relativistic corrections in the theoretical study of the SZ power spectrum especially at low frequencies unless the SZ power spectrum is used for precision cosmology.     

COBE and global topology: an example of the application of the identified circles principle

The significance to which the cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations by the satellite COBE can be used to refute a specific observationally based hypothesis for the global topology (3-manifold) of the Universe is investigated, by a new method of applying the principle of matched circle pairs.
Moreover, it is shown that this can be done without assuming Gaussian distributions for the density perturbation spectrum.
The Universe is assumed to correspond to a flat Friedmann–Lemaître model with a zero value of the cosmological constant. The 3-manifold is hypothesized to be a 2-torus in two directions, with a third axis larger than the horizon diameter. The positions and lengths of the axes are determined by the relative positions of the galaxy clusters Coma, RX J1347.5−1145 and CL 09104+4109, assumed to be multiple topological images of a single, physical cluster.
If the following two assumptions are valid: (i) that the error estimates in the COBE DMR data are accurate estimates of the total random plus systematic error; and (ii) that the temperature fluctuations are dominated by the naı¨ve Sachs–Wolfe effect; then the distribution of the temperature differences between multiply imaged pixels is significantly wider than the uncertainty in the differences, and the candidate is rejected at the 94 per cent level.
This result is valid for either the 'subtracted' or 'combined' Analysed Science Data Sets, for either 10° or 20° smoothing, and is slightly strengthened if suspected contaminated regions from the galactic centre and the Ophiuchus and Orion complexes are removed.     

An SZ temperature decrement–X-ray luminosity relation for galaxy clusters

We present the observed relation between Δ T _SZ, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature decrement due to the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect, and L , the X-ray luminosity of galaxy clusters. We discuss this relation in terms of the cluster properties, and show that the slope of the observed Δ T _SZ– L relation is in agreement with both the L – T _e relation based on numerical simulations and X-ray emission observations, and the M _gas– L relation based on observation. The slope of the Δ T _SZ– L relation is also consistent with the M _tot– L relation, where M _tot is the cluster total mass based on gravitational lensing observations. This agreement may be taken to imply a constant gas mass fraction within galaxy clusters, however, there are large uncertainties, dominated by observational errors, associated with these relations. Using the Δ T _SZ– L relation and the cluster X-ray luminosity function, we evaluate the local cluster contribution to arcmin-scale cosmic microwave background anisotropies. The Compton distortion y -parameter produced by galaxy clusters through the SZ effect is roughly two orders of magnitude lower than the current upper limit based on FIRAS observations.     

Constraints on structure formation models from the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect

In the context of cold dark matter (CDM) cosmological models, we have simulated images of the brightness temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky owing to the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (S–Z) effect in a cosmological distribution of clusters. We compare the image statistics with recent ATCA limits on arcmin-scale CMB anisotropy. The S–Z effect produces a generically non-Gaussian field and we compute the variance in the simulated temperature-anisotropy images, after convolution with the ATCA beam pattern, for different cosmological models. All the models are normalized to the 4-yr COBE data. We find an increase in the simulated-sky temperature variance with increase in the cosmological density parameter Ω₀. A comparison with the upper limits on the sky variance set by the ATCA appears to rule out our closed-universe model: low-Ω₀ open-universe models are preferred. The result is independent of any present day observations of σ ₈.