MJS工法在砾石层中的应用及成桩差异性

在我国某露天煤矿截水帷幕建造过程中，由于受架空高压线、地埋光缆、地埋排水管等多处障碍物影响，局部区域直接成槽工艺无法施工，因此，选择可以"全方位"施工的MJS工法完成此类区段建造。MJS试桩结果表明，该工法在东西两侧卵砾石层施工区成桩质量差异明显，为查明成桩差异性原因，采用地质勘探、重力触探试验和抽水试验等方法，从砾石层厚度、砾径、含砂量、地层密实度和含水层渗透能力等方面进行分析。结果表明，在砾石层厚度大、含砂量小、地层密实、含水层渗透性强的施工东区无法成桩，而在条件相反的施工西区成桩质量符合要求。研究成果拓宽了MJS工法的应用范围，对类似条件下MJS工法施工参数的选择具有指导意义。      

反循环钻进桩基孔

反循环钻进桩基孔反循环钻进具有排渣效率高、孔壁稳定、钻进效率高等特点，适用于粘性土、砂性土、淤泥、砂夹卵石和风化岩石层。我队在郑州紫荆山立交桥桩基工程中，应用反循环钻进，取得了较好的效果。该工程地质条件为：０～３０ｍ粉砂、细砂层，３０～５０ｍ为中砂层...     

大寺深孔闸、船闸场地地下水运移特征探讨

为了解决大寺深孔闸、船闸基坑开挖时的降排水工作及多层含水层的相可联通关系，我们进行了现场抽水试验，查明了拟建场地地基土③2层极细砂和⑤层极细砂的地下水运移特征，提山了基坑开挖应采取的排水措施。     

第四系水文孔裸眼钻进及护孔

鲁西北地下水勘探区，属于黄泛平原区。该区内沉积了很厚的第四系松软地层，并蕴藏着丰富的地下水资源。该区主要为砂层、粘土层和少量的钙质结核层，地层可钻性一般为2—3级。砂层结构松散，岩心采取率不易保证，且孔壁稳定性极差，容易坍塌，粘土层遇水膨胀，易出现缩径现象。从近几年我队施工的一些长期观测孔来看，裸孔钻进深度一般都在20—500米之间。最大扩孔成井深度在400米左右，施工较为困难。为确保勘探速度和工程质量，必须采取可靠的技术措施，才能使施工顺利进行。     

土岩组合地区富水砂层隧道施工注浆技术研究

针对青岛土岩组合地区富水砂层特点,对比分析超前深孔注浆和帷幕注浆加固技术在上软下硬地层中的施工关键技术,通过现场监测及开挖取样对比分析其在土岩组合地层中的适用性。研究结果表明:当富水砂层位于隧道拱顶范围内,采用超前深孔注浆,注浆效果较难控制,拱顶离砂层越近,注浆效果越难把握,隧道渗漏水问题越严重;施工容易对地层产生隆起,且隧道内渗漏水较多;当砂层位于拱顶以上采用帷幕注浆,跟踪监测表明,洞内变形、地表沉降能控制在有效范围内,表现出了更好的适用性,值得进一步优化和推广;土岩组合富水砂层段,开挖采用松动爆破,使加固地层中重新形成部分漏水通道。     

中深斜孔绳索取心高强耐磨钻杆的研究与应用

针对中深斜孔钻进中φ60mm绳索取心钻杆机械强度低、耐磨性能差、钻杆拧卸难等问题,采用对绳索取心钻杆整体调质处理的方式．大幅提高了绳索取心钻杆的机械强度;对绳索取心钻杆表面高频淬火,提高了钻杆表面的硬度和耐磨性;采用重型绳索取心带切口接手,初步解决了绳索取心钻杆拧卸问题。采用上述钻杆在中深斜孔钻进中取得了较好的效果。     

含水砂层对堆积体稳定性的影响研究

受复杂地质环境的影响,我国西南岷江上游沿岸普遍发育一种前缘多分布有一层或多层具一定厚度含水砂层的特殊堆积体。大量工程实践表明,工程开挖的扰动可导致砂层出现明显侧向变形,进而导致整个堆积体的失稳破坏。本文采用数值计算的方法,结合某典型堆积体对开挖条件下砂层影响其整体稳定性的作用机理进行了较为深入的分析和探讨。     

舟山海域淡水资源调查岩心钻探技术

舟山海域淡水资源调查项目DZS1孔,水深15 m、钻孔深度达202.1 m,在以粘土层和砂层为主的第四系覆盖层全孔取心、在风化基岩层取心2 m。在第四系覆盖层不下套管直接利用φ127 mm钻具进行绳索锤击取心钻探,基岩采用φ127 mm钻具作为套管、φ50 mm钻具单动双管回转取心钻探。介绍了该孔的主要施工工艺与质量控制方法,包括勘探船抛锚定位、潮汛对钻杆的影响、钻探取心过程控制、用取心钻头不取心扫孔技术、更换钻头技术、泥浆工艺等。     

输电线路掏挖基础机械成孔过程中孔壁土体稳定性分析

针对输电线路掏挖基础成孔过程中孔壁稳定性的问题,以机械化旋挖钻机成孔的掏挖基础孔壁土体为研究对象,采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,对旋挖钻机成孔过程中孔壁土体的变形破坏过程进行模拟分析,研究了开挖过程中掏挖基础孔壁土体的稳定性及影响因素.研究结果表明,钻机的自重荷载与开挖卸荷作用对孔口处和扩大头处土体的水平向位移影响较为明显;不同埋深基础的孔壁土体塑性区的分布面积和延伸范围均存在差异,随着埋深的增加,基础扩大头处的塑性区面积和延伸范围也随之增大,因此,现场机械化开挖施工过程中应重点关注孔口和扩大头附近部位的变形破坏.该研究成果可为机械化旋挖钻机成孔技术在我国输电线路工程杆塔掏挖基础施工的应用提供理论依据.     

伊犁盆地砂岩型铀矿孔斜防控实践分析

近年来在新疆伊犁盆地施工的砂岩型铀矿钻孔孔深大多在600~1000 m之间,钻孔终孔测井平均偏斜距在28 m左右,孔斜控制是影响伊犁矿区钻孔成孔质量的主要技术难题。伊犁盆地钻探施工多采用普通取心钻进工艺,成孔的钻杆与孔壁间的环状空间大,盆地内复杂地层引起的钻孔扩径现象普遍。普通取心钻进钻杆刚度小,钻杆在孔内转动时甩动弯曲幅度大,是导致孔斜控制困难的主要影响因素。中深孔钻孔偏斜距较大,影响地质成果质量和钻探经济效益。通过设计适合在伊犁盆地复杂地层内使用的扶正器并优化钻具组合,使伊犁盆地试验区内施工的中深孔平均偏斜距得到了大幅度的下降,该技术方案对同类型钻孔施工具有一定的借鉴性。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)