水平定向钻用岩石扩孔器的选择及操作控制技术

作者结合水平定向钻穿越的实践,对典型岩石扩孔器,如滚刀型岩石扩孔器、低扭矩岩石扩孔器、对开式岩石扩孔器的结构特点和适应性进行了分析,提出了水平定向钻要根据穿越地层的类型选择岩石扩孔器的尺寸和型式,选择岩石扩孔器要注意扩孔器的使用寿命;并建议岩石扩孔器本体设计时应考虑具备反向退出钻孔的功能,扩孔器产生的钻屑粒径能足够小,以使泥浆悬浮钻屑并顺利排出到地表;提出了岩石扩孔器的具体操作控制要点,从而达到快速、高效、高质量扩孔的目的,降低穿越施工的风险。     

DN630供水管道定向钻穿越淮河工程的设计和施工

作为非开挖施工的一个分支,定向钻穿越技术得到了越来越广泛的应用。本文以DN630供水管道定向钻穿越淮河工程为例,介绍了定向钻穿越的技术特点,指出了设计基本原则及设计要素如管道钻进的入土角、出土角、曲率半径和穿越深度等确定方法,并阐述了定向钻穿越施工工艺流程及泥浆配制、钻导向孔、扩孔及管道回拖等主要施工工艺。     

混凝土涵管替代钢管隔离卵砾石层辅助定向钻施工技术

本文介绍了定向钻穿越大开挖清理地下深层卵砾石层后,如直接回填土方,由于定向钻穿越时泥浆压力喷射、长时间泥浆浸泡、返浆携带等原因,易发生扩孔后孔洞塌陷,成品管道回拖时出现抱管、卡钻等现象,造成穿越失败;而采用大开挖后敷设混凝土涵管替代钢管隔离卵砾石层辅助定向钻穿越施工技术措施,再回填土方,有效消除施工安全隐患,节约施工成本。     

水平定向钻在南水北调配套工程输水管线穿越中的应用研究:以沙颍河穿越工程为例

以沙颍河水平定向钻2号管穿越工程为例,应用理论分析及数据分析的方法对施工过程中导向孔钻进6次、扩孔扭矩大且耗时长、回拖管道时发生扩孔器断裂事故等问题进行了研究,总结了大直径水平定向钻穿越施工的经验与教训,为今后水平定向钻进技术在南水北调等资源和能源管道项目中的应用提供重要借鉴。研究结果显示:地磁有线控向系统+无线控向系统的双控向系统可有效降低导向孔失败风险;泥浆配制及净化设备不完善是引起沙颍河穿越工程施工不顺利的重要原因;根据地质条件选择合适的钻具可有效提高施工效率;回拖扩孔器断裂的原因是疲劳断裂,采用人工顶管法处理事故有借鉴意义;松散地层中连续施工可降低孔壁失稳风险。     

大口径管道定向钻穿越扩孔施工的技术探讨

在进行大口径管道的定向钻施工时,由于需要进行多级的扩孔施工,扩孔器和钻杆钻具的重力作用使扩孔器下沉位移的现象尤为严重,造成工期和材料消耗的增加,且使得大口径的孔壁稳定性也有所下降,施工难度增大。本文就目前的水平定向钻穿越扩孔施工进行分析,探讨合理解决该问题的措施。     

长距离非开挖穿越技术在岩石层、砂层的施工实践

立沙油品储运项目输油管道东江穿越工程,管道穿越水平距离为1085m。穿越地层主要为不同风化程度的花岗岩及砂层等复杂地层,其中穿越最硬岩石单轴饱和抗压强度达到36．7MPa,采用大型非开挖水平定向钻机进行施工。简述了施工测量及确定方位角、钻导向孔、扩孔及管道回拖等主要施工过程。通过采用加设直径300mm导向套管、布置人工磁场等施工措施,有效地保证了穿越轨迹与设计曲线重合;存泥浆中添加堵漏剂等外加剂,防止泥浆从岩石裂隙巾流失;在施工至砂层时增加泥浆粘度及添加润滑剂等措施防止塌孔．同时减小扩孔及回拖阻力：采用开挖发送沟并在沟内灌水,使管道存孔内保持悬浮状态等措施以减少管道的摩擦阻力,确保管道顺利回拖。     

湘江岩溶地质条件下的定向钻施工

湘江定向钻穿越是湖南成品油管道二期工程的重点工程,穿越地段主要地质为灰岩、溶洞及岩石裂隙等,出入土两端还需穿过部分卵砾石段,造成导向难度及不易成孔;导向过程中曾发生掉钻、扩孔过程中发生卡钻,通过运用图表、技术分析等,结合相关类似工程,成功解决了掉钻、卡钻及泥浆问题,成功穿越含有溶洞的湘江穿越。     

海上定向钻穿越泥浆体系研究

定向钻泥浆在陆地作业过程中已经发展成熟,但在海上施工过程中,由于海水的侵入,泥浆会产生絮凝、分离以及性能突变等情况;在穿越施工过程中容易引起阻卡、坍塌等事故,严重影响海上定向钻穿越的施工效率。针对海上定向钻穿越工程,通过室内实验研究了海水环境对泥浆性能的影响,结合海上环境保护的要求,构建了一套适合于海上定向钻施工的泥浆体系:海水+0.3%Na_2CO_3+10%短纤维海泡石+0.2%植物纤维-2+0.5%增黏剂-6;综合评价以及现场应用表明其能够满足海上建设开发的作业需求。     

非开挖穿越麒麟立交桥全风化花岗岩地层铺设石油管道施工技术

采用非开挖定向钻进的方法穿越深圳麒麟立交桥铺设石油管道，管道为φ3239 mm无缝钢管，长度512 m。该穿越地段为全风化花岗岩地层，在这种地层中进行非开挖定向穿越施工难度比较大。介绍了施工中出现的问题及解决办法，并详细介绍了钻进、扩孔、泥浆、布管、拉管等施工方法。     

复杂地质条件下管道定向穿越

本文介绍了天然气管道在复杂地质条件下定向钻穿越工程的施工工艺情况,结合江西天然气定向穿越成功工程实例,分析了复杂地质条件下导向孔钻进、钻具选配、泥浆配比方案等风险的防范,为类似工程的施工提供一定的参考。     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861     

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

正20141768 An Shaopeng(Institute of Rock and Soil Mechannics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China);Wei Lide Experimental Study on Mechanical Behavior of Xigeda Formation Siltstone and Structure Interface(Journal of Engineering Geology,ISSN1004-9665,CN11-3249/P,21(5),2013,p.702-708,9illus.,1 table,16 refs.)     

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY & STRATIGRAPHY

正20140985Chen Liang(Post-Doctoral Research Station of Mining Engineering,School of Nuclear Resources and Nuclear Fuel Engineering,University of South China,Heng-yang 421001,China);Huang Wei Composition of Major and Correlated Elements with Organic Matters and Paleoclimatic Implication for Lower Paleogene Sediments in Sanshui Basin