钻机卡盘结构的分析与设想

在岩心钻探中使用的钻机，卡盘是常用的部件，它把钻机的扭矩和轴向力传递给钻具，以进行钻进工作。随着钻探技术的发展，有些立轴式钻机或动力头式钻机，对卡盘的应用范围由原来仅完成钻进工作中的传递轴心压力和扭矩作用发展到要完成钻具的提升工作。特别金刚石钻进的广泛采用，对卡盘提出了新的要求，因而钻机卡盘结构得以不断改进，目前已从原有的手动卡盘向着液压多用和连续作用方面发展。本文通过对现有国内外     

基于SolidWorks二次开发的钻机零件参数化设计

随着各种形式的钻机在工程中得到广泛的应用,先进的钻机设计方法对钻机的跟进发展尤为重要。基于SolidWorks二次开发技术,提出了钻机零件参数化设计的思想;以岩心钻机卡盘为例,论述了岩心钻机关键零件结构参数化设计的具体步骤。该方法在Visual Basic程序生成的基本参数计算的用户界面上输入已知的参数,可以完成卡盘基本参数的自动计算,在卡盘参数化设计的用户界面上输入钻杆直径就能够在SolidWorks系统中生成卡盘的各零件结构图及其总装配图,实现钻机卡盘参数化设计的要求。此设计方法为钻机整体实现参数化设计奠定了基础。      

胶筒式液压卡盘存在问题及改进

胶筒式液压卡盘因其结构紧凑、夹紧力大,成为全液压钻机的主流结构卡盘,在国内外全液压坑道钻机上广泛应用。但胶筒式液压卡盘的胶筒易于损坏,卡瓦更换不方便,极大地影响了该卡盘的使用效果。对胶筒式液压卡盘的适用条件、设计要点进行系统的分析,阐明被啃噬的机理,对卡盘的结构及组件进行优化,通过增加尼龙环减少胶筒被啃噬的概率;针对更换卡瓦不便的问题,设计卡瓦座与卡瓦可快速拆装的结构。该卡盘首次在ZDY5000RF型履带式全液压钻机上使用,在淮北祁南煤矿井下单月钻进累计超过4 000 m,胶筒无更换,取得了良好的应用效果。      

GYL-200型塔架履带一体式钻机的研制

为提高钻机搬迁的方便性,简化竖塔过程,提高施工效率,研制了一种将后移式工勘钻机置于橡胶履带底盘上,并设计了液压起降折叠开放式三角钻塔的塔架履带一体式钻机。同时为不影响钻机原有的斜孔钻进功能,钻机底架设计为旋转支腿结构;为进一步提高钻机的自动化程度,将原手动式卡盘改为液压卡盘。介绍了该塔架履带一体式钻机的结构以及部分参数选择计算。     

径向活塞式液压卡盘动态特性仿真与试验

卡盘是煤矿坑道钻机重要部件,卡盘的性能直接影响钻进的效率和质量。针对胶筒液压卡盘存在的问题,研究一种新型径向活塞式液压卡盘,通过分析径向活塞卡盘夹紧和松开系统的结构与工作原理,运用变质量液压学原理和动力学理论建立其运动过程的数学模型,并在AMESim环境下,进行了卡盘液压控制与机械系统的动力学协同仿真。在所建立的多机耦合模型基础上,详细分析了夹紧系统的响应和夹紧力特性,并搭建测试试验台进行了试验验证。研究结果表明:径向卡盘关键部件碟簧对系统特性的影响较大,通过优化碟簧性能参数,径向卡盘夹紧时间为0.325 s,松开时间为0.275 s,与胶筒卡盘夹紧时间0.325 s相当,与松开时间0.300 s接近,可与在用的胶筒卡盘互换,满足钻机功能需求,仿真结果与试验结果一致表明径向卡盘模型准确可信,为新型径向活塞卡盘系列化设计及改进提供了理论依据。      

JDY-1500型全液压钻机卡盘的仿真分析及设计

对全液压动力头式钻机卡盘进行系统分析,给出了动力头卡盘的仿真参数之间的关系;提出了提高动力头卡盘精度的建议;设计出了动力头卡盘的最佳方案.     

立轴式岩心钻机卡盘失效分析及解决对策

目前使用的立轴式岩心钻机中,大多采用的是斜面增力卡瓦夹紧卡盘。这种卡盘在使用过程中常出现夹持不牢、打滑等失效的现象。文章依据卡盘的工作原理、结构,通过力学分析,寻找卡盘失效的原因和解决方案。     

对TK—3型钻机卡盘结构的分析与改进

1 引言 卡盘是钻机的主要部件之一。目前在机械传动液压给进的立轴式钻机中,大多数采用碟形弹簧夹紧、液压松开的常闭型卡盘。TK—3型钻机亦采用此种卡盘。在同类型钻机中,尽管卡盘类型相同,但在具体结构上亦有许多差别,如碟形弹簧有上置式或下置式、卡盘体与立轴的连接形式采用螺纹或     

钻机卡盘的改进

在目前广泛使用的KAM-500型钻机及KA-2M-300型钻机都为卡盘卡瓦顶紧钻杆而回转。但在实际工作中,一般卡瓦损坏较快。为了更换新瓦,必须将立轴箱拆下,再把卡盘与卡盘帽之间卸开拿出旧瓦后,再更换按装。由于钻机回转时,卡盘都拧得很紧,因此拆卸卡盘非常困难而耽误时间,同时经常的折卸,也是卡盘及卡盘帽损坏的主要原因之一。根据上述情况,我们将卡盘进行了改进(如图):即把卡盘的另一端孔径增大至两块卡瓦对合能放入为止.并车以丝扣,上一备帽,这样更换卡瓦时,只要卸下     

XY－4型钻机卡盘及卡盘油缸的改制

ＸＹ－４型钻机卡盘及卡盘油缸的改制辽宁省地矿局第七地质大队于浞我队将ＸＹ－４型钻机卡盘改为球卡式卡盘，卡盘油缸由单作用改为双作用，其结构见附图。工作原理：当高压油经Ｐ＿１口流进油缸上腔时．环状活塞下行，随之压盖推动压力轴承（８１１８）、卡球套压缩弹簧...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861