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固井是一口井的关键性工程,为了下步便于打井和节省钢材等诸多因素,目前在深井中多采用尾管固井,由于尾管悬挂器的结构及工艺复杂,固井质量往往不够理想,本文介绍的尾管悬挂方法,是在全面剖析现有尾管悬挂器的优缺点后,针对军工燃爆技术在油井套管修复工程中的成功应用的基础上提出来的。文中介绍了燃爆式尾管悬挂器的设计原则及设计思路。 相似文献
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高温、高压、深井、小井眼尾管固井是固井技术的一个难点,龙16井在各项配套工程技术措施综合应用的情况下施工成功,为高温、高压、深井固井作业积累了经验。龙16井是川北低平褶皱带九龙山构造上的一口预探井,[JP2]原设计2159 mm井眼钻至下二叠系完钻。由于地质条件复杂,纵向上分布多套产层并具有超高压特点,地层裂缝发育,多次出现涌漏同存复杂情况,被迫提前下入1778 mm套管固井以封隔上部复杂井段。采用1492 mm钻头钻至598800 m完钻并进行了尾管固井作业。固井作业前钻井液密度234 相似文献
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随着勘探开发的不断深入,超深井末开次固井中完井深已超过7400 m。地质结构复杂与井身结构多样化给固井带来了诸多质量控制难点,尾管固井均具有“二高一小一低”的特点 ,即易漏风险高、施工压力高、注替浆排量小、顶替效率低的特点,造成了固井期间浆体的不完全驱替。本文通过顺北油田固井技术应用实例,寻求在不完全驱替条件下提高固井质量的方法,达到提高该区块固井质量的目的,提高油井寿命。 相似文献
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小井眼开窗侧钻技术很好地解决了油水井无法继续进行生产的问题,起到“死井复活”、提高采收率、降低成本的目的。文75X1井是部署在文安斜坡史各庄构造带文75断块上位置的一口小井眼开窗侧钻井,完钻井深3376 m,井斜34.64°,裸眼段长达1164 m,下入φ95.3 mm小尾管固井,存在环空间隙小、封固段长、套管居中度难以保证以及套管安全下入井底难度大等一系列难题,通过采取有效通井措施、扶正器安放提高套管居中度、弹性低密度高强度水泥浆体系技术等固井工艺技术,经质量检测,固井合格率100%,优质率高达92%,为类似的长裸眼长封固段小间隙井小尾管固井质量的技术措施提供参考。 相似文献
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对米桑油田部分井出现的高压盐膏层井段固井质量差且影响下步作业的情况进行了分析,优化了前置液设计、水泥浆设计、入井套(尾)管现场检查、下套管前井眼要求、固井前井筒要求、套管居中、固井注替、固井质量检验等,并成功应用于47井高压盐膏层井段固井,为后续开发井类似井段的固井质量提升提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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The migration of contaminants through a 2.9 m thick compacted clay liner (CCL) for a landfill leachate lagoon is examined 14 years after construction. The clay liner formed the lower portion of the composite liner system but the geomembrane (GM) was found to have defects that had allowed leachate to migrate between the GM and CCL. Chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium pore water profiles through the CCL are examined. It is shown that chloride migrated approximately 1.7 m into the CCL during the 14 years of the lagoon operation, sodium approximately 1.2 m, and potassium 0.7 m. Diffusion and sorption data from laboratory diffusion testing are utilized in combination with a finite layer contaminant transport model to predict field contaminant migration profiles through the composite liner system and to establish the time of ‘failure’ of the geomembrane at sometime between 0 and 6 years after installation. Relatively high sorptive uptake of potassium by the CCL soil is observed from batch testing and diffusion testing with field data suggesting an even larger amount of sorption. It is hypothesized that organic sludge matter at the base of the lagoon is responsible for potassium uptake from the leachate. This field case highlights the importance of the compacted clay liner as part of the composite liner system in acting as a diffusion barrier during the lifetime of the lagoon as well as using relatively non-conservative contaminants such as chloride and sodium to estimate geomembrane ‘failure’ times 相似文献
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By applying the series expansion technique in the complex variable method established by Muskhelishvili, the plane elasticity problem for the stress and displacement field around a lined circular tunnel in conjunction with the consideration of misfit and interaction between the liner and the surrounding geomaterial is dealt with. The tunnel is assumed to be driven in a homogeneous and isotropic geomaterial. The coefficients in the Laurent series expansion of the stress functions are determined. The complex potentials in the liner and the surrounding geomaterial are explicitly derived, respectively. As an example, the case of a lined circular tunnel located in an isotropic initial stress field but subjected to uniform internal pressure is numerically considered. Numerical results indicate that the installation of tunnel liner can reduce the influences of the tunnel excavation on the in situ displacement and stress fields. However, the relative thickness and rigidity of the liner should be in an appropriate range. In addition, the effect of the tunnel excavation upon the displacement field is more significant than that upon the stress field. As far as the stress field in the surrounding geomaterial is concerned, when the ratio between the cover depth of tunnel and the tunnel radius is larger than 5, the results for the stress field in the paper are applicable. When the ratio between the tunnel depth and the tunnel radius is larger than 20, the results are applicable for the displacement field. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为研究浅埋黄土隧道锚喷初支+初衬+二衬构成的3层支护体系力学特性,以某黄土隧道为依托,采用钢弦式传感器对围岩压力、初衬与二衬接触压力、二衬钢筋轴力、二衬混凝土应变、钢拱架应力等进行了系统测试与分析。结果表明:(1) 作用在左拱腰处的围岩压力较大,且稳定值为240 kPa;(2) 浅埋段按不同围岩压力计算公式得到压力值均大于围岩压力实测值,其中采用太沙基公式得到的压力值与实测值相对接近;(3) 该黄土隧道二衬全部受压,其分布形态呈明显的猫耳形,初支、初衬、二衬承受的荷载比例分别为51.34%、37.29%、11.38%;(4) 钢拱架整体以受压为主,在拱顶和拱腰处受力较大,接近屈服状态;(5) 初支发挥了一定的围岩自承能力,其与初衬共同承担了大部分围岩荷载,二衬主要为结构安全储备。 相似文献
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土工合成材料粘土衬垫(GCL)与土工膜(GM)形成的复合衬垫在垃圾填埋场中的应用日益广泛。我国规范中允许在特殊情况下用GCL代替压实粘土(CCL)做垃圾填埋场的衬垫,但是对于“特殊情况”没有明确说明。本文采用数值方法对复合衬垫中无机污染物的对流和扩散进行了计算,从衬垫底部污染物通量和累积量两个角度对GCL复合衬垫和CCL复合衬垫阻滞污染物运移的效果进行了比较,分析两种复合衬垫的等效性,并研究了GCL复合衬垫的适用范围。结果表明,当渗滤液水头较高时,GCL复合衬垫体现出其优势。 相似文献