悬空侧钻技术在红河油田水平井中的应用

在水平井储层钻进中,地层发生突变导致钻头偏出产层的情况时有发生,运用悬空侧钻的方法在储层内侧钻,选择更加有利的井斜角继续在储层内钻进,是一种高效、经济的施工方法。红河油田长8储层岩性为砂、泥岩互层,水平井在施工过程中易钻遇泥岩夹层,在水平段施工过程中钻遇泥岩后退至砂岩井段应用了悬空侧钻技术,通过优选侧钻点、侧钻钻头和钻具组合,采用合理的造斜率及侧钻钻压,确保其继续在储层砂岩中钻进,侧钻过程中油气显示良好。采用悬空侧钻技术成功地找到了储层,提高了储量钻遇率,为实现预计产量提供了保障。     

绳索取心工艺在盐矿深部钻探中的应用研究

宁夏固原硝口-寺口子盐矿地层复杂,上部古近系清水营组存在厚约150 m的红色泥岩夹石膏层,水敏性强,孔壁稳定性差,易出现坍塌和缩径,造成卡钻和抱钻事故;下部白垩系乃家河组含芒硝矿层及岩盐矿层,揭露厚度达380多米,水溶性强,孔壁易溶蚀形成“大肚子”、护壁难、钻进效率低、取心质量差。针对以上施工难题,从钻孔结构、钻头选型、钻井液和钻进参数等方面着手研究,建立了一套适合盐矿施工的绳索取心钻进工艺技术,有效地维护了孔壁稳定,实现了高效、高质、安全钻进,为今后施工类似钻孔积累了经验。     

抑制性泥浆在新疆淖毛湖煤田东部勘查区中的应用

新疆淖毛湖煤田东部勘查区,煤系地层多为灰色、淡黄色砾岩、砂岩,泥岩,泥岩与砂砾岩互层,泥岩夹煤层、煤线等,其中泥岩、泥岩与砂砾岩互层地层水敏性强,胶结性差,在钻进过程中易造成水化膨胀、缩径、坍塌等问题,护壁困难。针对该矿区的地层特征,采用抑制性无固相和低固相泥浆钻进,成功地维持了孔壁稳定,高效、安全地完成了钻孔,为今后施工类似钻孔取得了宝贵经验。     

沈北煤田采空区钻井方法优化

沈北煤田地层松散,含有大段泥岩。泥岩易吸水膨胀引起坍塌,尤其是在采空区采用常规施工方法,钻进十分困难。针对沈北煤田地层地质情况并结合已施工钻井工程的实践经验进行分析,从钻探设备,钻进工艺,技术参数,钻井液配方与维护管理等方面总结了有效的最优化施工方法,在现有条件下能很好地解决钻进中的地层缩径、掉块、漏水和卡钻等问题,保证了钻井工程顺利进行。该方法值得今后在该地区施工过程中加以借鉴和应用。     

快速钻进冲洗液在地浸砂岩型铀矿的应用试验

针对地浸砂岩型铀矿塔木素工作区钻孔施工中发生的孔壁失稳、卡钻埋钻、钻速低等复杂问题,通过快速钻进冲洗液技术的试验应用,有效地防止泥岩地层水化膨胀;抑制岩屑分散,保持孔底清洁,有效地降低钻具摩擦和扭矩,降低了自然事故的发生率,提高了泥岩和砂岩的机械钻速,降低了钻探成本。     

沅麻盆地页岩气地质调查湘桃地1井钻井技术及井下复杂处理

为评价雪峰古陆周缘页岩含气性,2019年在沅麻盆地施工了页岩气地质调查井湘桃地1井,完钻井深1850.88 m,全井取心,平均岩心采取率97.24%。施工中应用XY-8型钻机,采用三开井身结构,配合录井及测井技术,并优选钻具组合、钻头、钻进参数、钻井液性能。因牛蹄塘组碳质泥岩失稳掉块及钻探工艺调整不及时发生了卡钻、埋钻、钻具折断等井下复杂,采取螺杆马达侧钻绕障予以解决,侧钻后同径继续钻进806.87 m至完钻。该井的顺利完钻和井下复杂处理方法为同类地区地质调查井施工提供了可借鉴的经验。     

松软煤层螺旋钻杆钻进中的吸钻卡钻力学机理

针对在突出松软煤层钻进过程中常出现的吸钻卡钻现象,以水平钻孔为例,通过分析螺旋钻杆钻进过程中钻粉在螺旋叶片间的运动规律,确定了当钻进产生煤粉量大于钻杆排出能力时,易因煤粉大量积压产生吸钻卡钻现象的力学机理。从控制钻进速度,减少钻粉生产量的角度提出了防止钻进过程中吸钻卡钻方法。计算出直径Φ42 mm和Φ75 mm两种钻孔施工时为防止吸钻卡钻的临界钻进速度。经过在鹤壁六矿2123上顺槽、2143下顺槽试验,取得了很好的效果,表明在突出松软煤层螺旋钻进成孔过程中控制钻进速度是可行的。     

伊拉克哈法亚油田高压盐膏层安全钻井技术

盐膏层钻井是当前钻井技术的难题之一,钻井施工中存在盐膏层及软泥岩层安全钻进难度大、井身质量控制困难和卡钻几率较大等问题。本文针对伊拉克哈法亚油田的地层条件：改变了盐膏层段套管坐封点,使套管漏封漏失状况得到有效控制;将定向轨迹井斜角由71.29°优化为29.48°,避开了易形成岩屑床井段,有效控制定向段卡钻,提高施工效率23%;确定哈法亚油田软泥岩缩径周期为48 h左右。根据缩径规律开展钻井,有效减少了钻头泥包和泥环的形成。确定了依据石膏岩、盐岩含量变化控制饱和盐水钻井液密度的原则,形成了控制饱和盐水钻井液黏度的现场维护技术措施。     

1009型失水量仪测定时用HPAM等代替机油

在复杂岩层钻进，平衡地层压力，保持孔壁稳定，是整个钻孔施工过程中的关键。我队在某铁矿区施工的地层，上部为第三、四系粘土、亚粘土、姜石、砂砾岩、亚砂土、流砂层等覆盖层，厚度为百余米到三、四百米。其中粘土层遇水膨胀易缩径；砂土层结构松散胶结性差，遇水后易剥落、坍塌；流砂层易垮孔，使钻孔严重超径。在这种部位发生钻杆断脱，给打捞带来了困难，为了钻进的     

煤矿井下瓦斯抽放钻孔孔内事故的预防及处理

随着井下瓦斯抽放孔钻孔深度和施工总进尺逐年增加，钻进过程中遇到砂质泥岩、页岩等松软遇水膨胀复杂地层的情况经常出现，又因施工地层多为瓦斯富集地层，容易造成喷孔、塌孔、卡钻、埋钻等孔内事故。阐述了复杂地层施工瓦斯抽放钻孔经常遇到的一些孔内事故的预防及处理措施。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861