推进钻探技术进步 拓宽服务领域

在热烈庆祝我国建国40周年之际，回顾冶金地质钻探发展的历程，我们已走过了一条极不平凡的道路。人们不会忘记，广大冶金地质钻探工作者为探明冶金地质矿产资源和促进行业技术进步，作出了应有而重大的贡献。冶金地质钻探40年，是不断推进技术进步，以求得自身发展的40年。它先后经历了铁砂、钢粒和人造金刚石钻探三大发展阶段，使钻探生产水平不断向着新的台阶迈进。在铁砂钻探时期，冶金地质系统的钻探台月效率仅为100—150m。在钢粒钻探时期，钻探台月效率提高到300—350m。     

论中心取样钻探方法的地质效果

以中心取样（CSR）钻探方法的试验数据为依据，详细分析了如何正确认识和评价CSR钻探方法的地质效果，并初步总结出了CSR钻探方法的地质工作程序。     

从30届国际地质大会看探矿工程技术现状与前景

介绍了第３０届国际地质大会期间探矿工程学科的活动情况和以大陆科学钻探，地质钻探新技术主要成果为内容的钻探工程技术发展现状，并展望了其发展前景。     

我国地质找矿取心（样）钻探设备现状及提高效能的分析研究

概述了我国地质找矿钻探市场现状及前景，分析研究了地质取样钻探传统的立轴钻机及全液压动力头钻机的优缺点及综合效能，针对国家提出加强地质工作的形势及中国的实际状况，提出了完善和改进我国现有钻探设备、提高我国地质找矿取样钻探效率、降低能耗及成本的观点及建议。     

山西地质钻探三十年(摘要)

1953年以来，山西地质系统的钻探工作，在中国共产党的正确领导下，从无到有，从小到大，恰好经历了三十个年头。钻探工程随着我省地质勘探事业的不断发展，已成为地质普查勘探不可缺少的重要手段之一。三十年来，先后在金属、非金属、煤田以及石油普查找矿中，在水文地质、工程地质、国防工程勘测以及农田供水勘探中，完成钻探工作量达324万米，为已提交的1222份各种地质普查、地质勘探报告提供了地质资料。     

宜万铁路齐岳山隧道地质水平钻探应用技术

前地质探测是隧道安全施工的重要保障，水平钻探技术具有直接和准确的特点，因此快速水平钻探技术成为超前地质探测的主要手段之一。以宜万铁路齐岳山隧道为背景，研究了隧道施工过程中快速水平钻探的点位选择、钻进工艺、数据处理等技术，探讨了快速水平钻探与其他探测手段的配合方法。     

多介质反循环复合钻探技术的研究及开发应用

分析了多介质反循环复合钻探技术的特点及技术参数，介绿了该项技术器具试制、试验研究及生产应用过程、取得的应用效果等。试验证明，该项钻探技术具有钻探效率高、地质效果好、判层及时等一系列优点。该项技术的研制成功为加速我国地质找矿提供了又一项高效钻探技术，并展示了良好的应用前景。     

精心筹划，锐意创新，开创核地质钻探事业新局面

2000年核地质系统属地化改革之后，保留了3支铀矿地质专业钻探队伍。在本系统全体钻探职工的努力下，克服了新区多、面积广、环境差等诸多困难，较好地完成各年度钻探任务。进入“十一五”，由于能源需求（核电）的增加，使核地质事业迎来了第二个春天。一是钻探任务将大幅度增加；二是钻探范围进一步扩大。南方硬岩钻探全面启动，钻探任务将占到总任务的1／3左右。北方砂岩钻探任务日益加重，每年30一50万m。在管理模式上，南方硬岩钻探我们拟采取“小核心，大协作”的方式，主要借助属地化单位和社会力量完成；北方砂岩以保留的3个地质     

钻探简史

钻探工程是地质普查勘探的重要手段之一。三十年来，在党的领导下，我们湖南的钻探工程从无到有，从小到大，逐步发展，到现在已成为一支初具规模、有一定技术骨干并具有比较先进设备、先进技术和管理经验的钻探专业队伍。可以担负地质钻探、工程钻探、水井钻探等各项任务。三十年中，湖南共完成钻探工作量四百六十八万多米，在湖南境内探明了煤、铁、锰、磷、钨、汞、铅锌等七十二种矿产储量，为湖南寻找地下宝藏和祖国社会主义建设作出了贡献。     

积极采用先进技术，提高地矿部门钻探生产水平

针对当前地矿部门地质岩心钻探生产技术水平现状，经过分析对比，为进一步提高地矿部门地质岩心钻探生产水平，提出了推广３项主要先进技术的建议。     

CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。     

Geography in general education in Nigeria

This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics, students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students. The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs.     

Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal

Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates. In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005. The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and natural systems.     

Recent advances in aquaculture in Japan

Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry.     

花岗岩地区地下水水文地质特征分析

通过对泰安市岱岳区花岗岩地区地下水的形成条件、地下水类型、分布状况、水文地质特征以及地下水补给、径流、排泄条件的分析,指出了花岗岩地区供水方向。     

2010年的美国铀矿业

2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。     

地下水环境中的硫代砷研究进展

硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。     

环境地球化学研究近十年若干新进展

环境地球化学学科在中国生态文明和美丽中国建设、国际环境公约履约及过去全球变化研究中发挥着越来越大的作用.本文简要回顾了中国过去十年在环境地球化学领域的部分研究进展,介绍了汞、持久性有机污染物和其他重金属污染物长距离传输研究进展;总结了汞、镉、锑、铊等非传统稳定同位素在地表生物地球化学循环过程中的同位素分馏规律及污染来源...     

MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界中的应用

该文介绍了土地勘测定界的专业背景知识及MapSUV的相关信息,阐述了MapSUV系统在惠民县土地勘测定界的应用,以及外业获取数据及内业处理的主要工作方法,最后对该系统在土地勘测定界中的应用前景进行了展望。