澜沧江南段临沧花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及构造意义

临沧花岗岩是滇西地区出露面积最大的复式岩基,它是特提斯构造域的重要组成单元,是研究古特提斯俯冲-碰撞的重要窗口。本文通过对澜沧江南段澜沧-景洪地区广泛出露的临沧花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学以及锆石年代学综合分析,系统阐述该区花岗岩的原岩性质以及其形成的构造背景。临沧花岗岩主要岩石类型为黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学结果表明,该区临沧花岗岩侵位时代为217~233Ma。前人在澜沧江北段花岗岩也获得相似的侵位年龄,表明临沧花岗岩的南段与北段在形成时代上具有一致性。继承锆石U-Pb年龄主要峰期集中在2494Ma、1832Ma、1382Ma、959Ma、774Ma、482Ma,指示临沧花岗岩具丰富的物质来源。全岩主微量元素分析结果显示,临沧花岗岩的Na2O/K2O比值低,铝饱和指数(A/NCK值)大于1,属高钾钙碱性系列,过铝质花岗质岩石。轻重稀土分异明显,轻稀土相对富集,具有明显的铕负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.39~0.63);相容元素Cr和Ni含量较低,富集大离子亲石元素Rb和Ba,亏损高场强元素Nb-Ta和Zr-Hf。地球化学特征显示,临沧花岗岩来源于地壳沉积物的部分熔融,属S型花岗岩,形成于古特提斯洋闭合后的构造伸展阶段。     

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of A-type Granites in Zhaheba in the East Junggar Region of Xinjiang, China: Evidence from Geochronology, Geochemistry and Sr-Nd Isotopic Compositions

The magma source, petrogenesis, tectonic setting and geochronology of the late Paleozoic A-type granites widely exposed in the Zhaheba area, East Junggar, have thus far not been well-constrained. A better understanding of these issues will help to reveal the magmatic processes and continental growth of Central Asia. The A-type granites in Zhaheba include the Ashutasi alkaline granites and the Yuyitasi syenogranites, which were emplaced at 321.5 ± 4.8 Ma and 321.7 ± 0.6 Ma, respectively. The major rock-forming minerals are orthoclase, perthite, arfvedsonite and quartz, which exhibit the following principal geochemical characteristics of A2-type granites. (1) Their REE distribution curves each exhibit a ‘V’-shaped pattern and a marked depletion in Eu. They are rich in large-ion lithophile elements Rb, Th and U as well as high-field-strength elements Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf, but significantly depleted in Ba, Sr, P and Ti. (2) Their (87Sr/86Sr)i values (0.7021–0.7041), εNd(t) values (4.57–5.16) and REE distribution patterns are in basic agreement with those of the Kalamaili A-type granite belt in East Junggar. The TDM2 values of the alkaline granites and syenogranites range from 661 to 709 Ma. The A-type granites may be the products of upwelling asthenosphere-triggered partial melting of immature lower crust. The alkaline granites were late-stage products of crystallization and differentiation. Compared to the syenogranites, the alkaline granites are significantly lower in K2O, Na2O, Al2O3, FeO, MgO and CaO, but significantly higher in incompatible elements (e.g., SiO2, Rb, and Sr). The magmatic crystallization temperatures of the syenogranites and alkaline granites are 874°C and 819°C, respectively. As their age gradually decreases (peak ages: 322 Ma and 307 Ma, respectively), there is a gradual decrease in the TDM2 of the A-type granites and a gradual increase in the εNd(t) value from the Ulungur belt to the Kalamaili belt in East Junggar. The study of A-type granites is therefore one of the keys to understanding the laws and mechanisms of crustal accretion during the Phanerozoic period, as well as also being of great significance for understanding the Paleozoic accretion.     

湖南瑶岗仙复式花岗岩岩石成因及与钨成矿关系

瑶岗仙复式花岗岩体位于南岭复杂构造带北端,赋存着大型瑶岗仙钨矿床。瑶岗仙花岗岩高硅、富碱,属于高钾钙碱性系列,为分异的S型花岗岩。系统的单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄测定表明,瑶岗仙复式花岗岩体有多期成岩事件,分别为:170Ma形成的粗粒二云母花岗岩,162Ma形成的中细粒二云母花岗岩,157Ma形成的细粒白云母花岗岩,表明花岗质岩浆经历了多期脉动侵位。元素地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素特征表明,瑶岗仙花岗岩成岩物质来源于古元古代的泥质岩。瑶岗仙花岗岩成岩年龄为170~157Ma,处于燕山期陆内伸展-减薄的构造环境。瑶岗仙花岗岩的成岩事件与钨矿床成矿事件在时空上高度吻合,花岗岩岩浆经历了高度分离结晶并产生富挥发分的流体,表明花岗岩可能为岩浆期后热液阶段成矿作用提供了原始流体和物质来源。     

福建魁岐晶洞花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其地球化学研究

魁岐晶洞花岗岩具有高Si、高碱、低Ca、富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素的地球化学特征,为典型的A型花岗岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年分析显示,魁岐小晶洞花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄在101.7±2Ma和97.3±0.77Ma之间,而大晶洞花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄在93.6±1.5Ma和92.0±1.3Ma之间,表明它们是晚白垩世早期岩浆活动的产物。锆石原位Hf同位素分析显示,大晶洞锆石的εHf(t)分别为+1.45和+1.21,锆石二阶段模式年龄平均值为1064Ma和1078Ma,说明该类岩石是幔源岩浆底侵导致下地壳熔融的结果。以上研究成果表明,魁岐晶洞A型花岗岩形成于库拉板块向欧亚板块俯冲,诱发其上的大陆岩石圈板块伸展的构造环境。因此,其原始岩浆是新元古代下地壳物质部分熔融的产物,并伴有地幔物质的加入。     

安徽庐枞盆地南部A型花岗岩成因探讨

长江中下游成矿带A型花岗岩与铀（金）矿床（化）具有密切的时空关系,目前关于A型花岗岩的成因存在较大争议,开展A型花岗岩的成因研究将有助于探讨其与铀（金）矿床的成因联系,为长江中下游成矿带寻找此类矿床提供依据。本文选取了庐枞盆地南部的城山岩体、何家凹岩体和梅林岩体3个典型A型花岗岩体为研究对象,开展了详细的野外观察及室内地球化学分析工作,结合前人的研究成果,深入讨论了这些A型花岗岩的成因。研究结果表明：城山岩体、何家凹岩体及梅林岩体侵位于127 Ma,为庐枞盆地最晚一次岩浆事件的产物,属于A型花岗岩,它们为同源岩浆演化的产物,源区以相当于董岭群的变沉积岩为主并夹杂少量地幔物质,岩浆演化过程以分离结晶作用为主,斜长石和钾长石为主要的分离结晶相。     

福建北东沿海高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩的成因:锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素制约

以福建北东沿海的南镇、大层山、三沙和大京四个岩体为对象,系统研究了它们的年代学和地球化学特征,并据此探讨了岩体的成因。锆石LA—ICP—MSU—Pb定年结果表明,南镇、大层山、三沙和大京岩体的成岩年龄分别为96．1±2．7Ma、93．1±2．4Ma、91．5±1．5Ma和93．8±1．8Ma,指示它们均为晚白垩世岩浆活动的产物。这些岩体的组成矿物主要为石英和条纹长石,并含有一定量斜长石（〈15％）,铁镁矿物主要为少量黑云母,未出现碱性铁镁矿物,副矿物组合中普遍出现榍石而未见铝过饱和矿物。化学组成上表现为高硅、富碱、准铝,贫钙、镁、铁,Rb／Sr比值高,K／Rb比值低,富Cs、Rb、Th、u、Pb,贫Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Eu。岩石的FeO^＊／MgO比值较低（=3．44—5．04）,10^4×Ga／Al比值和Zr＋Nb＋Ce＋Y含量均低于A型花岗岩的下限值,其锆石饱和温度也较低（730—779℃）,综合地质地球化学特征指示这些岩体应属高分异的Ⅰ型花岗岩。四个岩体的Nd同位素组成较均-（εNd（t）=-4．2～-5．5）,而锆石Hf同位素则具较大的变化范围（εHf（t）=-11．6～4．5）,εHf（t）值散布于正值与负值之间,变化幅度可达10个εHf单位以上,指示岩体的形成存在不同来源物质的贡献。岩石的形成极可能经历了壳幔物质在源区混合形成原始岩浆,随后这一壳幔混源岩浆又经高程度分异演化的二阶段成岩过程,而并非起源于幔源岩浆底侵形成的初生地壳与古老基底地壳混合的地壳原岩的部分熔融。     

The Pushtashan juvenile suprasubduction zone assemblage of Kurdistan (northeastern Iraq): A Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Neo-Tethys missing link

The Pushtashan suprasubduction zone assemblage of volcanic rocks, gabbros, norites and peridotites occurs in the Zagros suture zone, Kurdistan region, northeastern Iraq. Volcanic rocks are dominant in the assemblage and consist mainly of basalt and basaltic andesite flows with interlayered red shale and limestone horizons. Earlier lavas tend to be MORB-like, whereas later lavas display island arc tholeiite to boninitic geochemical characteristics. Tholeiitic gabbros intrude the norites and display fractionation trends typical of crystallisation under low-pressure conditions, whereas the norites display calc-alkaline traits, suggesting their source included mantle metasomatised by fluids released from subducted oceanic crust. Enrichment of Rb, Ba, Sr, Th and the presence of negative Nb anomalies indicate generation in a suprasubduction zone setting. Trondhjemite and granodiorite intrusions are present in the volcanic rocks, gabbros and norites. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircons from a granodiorite yields a mean~(206)Pb/~(238)U age of 96.0 ±2.0 Ma(Cenomanian). The initial ε_(Hf) value for the zircons show a narrow range from +12.8 to+15.6, with a weighted mean of + 13.90±0.96. This initial value is within error of model depleted mantle at 96 Ma or slightly below that, in the field of arc rocks with minimal contamination by older continental crust. The compositional bimodality of the Pushtashan suprasubduction sequence suggests seafloor spreading during the initiation of subduction, with a lava stratigraphy from earlyerupted MORB transitioning into calc-alkaline lavas and finally by 96 Ma intrusion of granodioritic and trondhjemitic bodies with juvenile crustal isotopic signatures. The results confirm another Cretaceous arc remnant preserved as an allochthon within the Iraqi segment of the Cenozoic Zagros suture zone. Implications for the closure of Neo-Tethys are discussed.     

Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China (I): geochronology and petrogenesis

Northeastern (NE) China is the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which is celebrated for its accretionary tectonics and the world's most important juvenile crust production in the Phanerozoic era. Abundant granitoids occur in the Great Xing'an, Lesser Xing'an and Zhangguangcai Ranges in NE China. This paper presents partial results of a series of studies on the granitoids from this region, aiming to understand their role in the building of new continental crust in eastern Asia. Three composite granite plutons (Xinhuatun, Lamashan and Yiershi) were chosen for geochemical and isotopic study in order to determine their emplacement ages and petrogenesis. Petrographically, they range from granodiorite (minor), monzogranite, syenogranite to alkali-feldspar granite. Quartz and perthitic feldspar are principal phases, accompanied by minor amounts of plagioclase, biotite (<5%) and other accessory minerals. In addition, many contain abundant miarolitic cavities which suggest that they were emplaced at shallow levels with extensive fractional crystallization. Geochemically, the granites are silica-rich, peraluminous and have high contents of alkalis. They invariably show enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and significant negative Eu anomalies. All the granitic rocks demonstrate the characteristic negative anomalies in Ba, Nb, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti, and a positive anomaly in Pb in the spidergram.

The emplacement of the Xinhuatun pluton took place at 184±4 Ma as revealed by zircon SHRIMP U–Pb data. This is also supported by the slightly younger Rb–Sr whole-rock (WR) isochron age of 173±3 Ma. A whole-rock (WR) Rb–Sr isochron age of 154±3 Ma was obtained for the Lamashan pluton, which is interpreted as close to the time of emplacement. The Yiershi pluton was intruded at about 140 Ma as evidenced by a zircon U–Pb age of 137±2 Ma and WR Rb–Sr isochron age of 143±5 Ma. Biotite-WR Rb–Sr isochrons and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of feldspars allow us to estimate the cooling rate of each pluton.

Geochemical data suggest that the rocks are highly fractionated I-type granites. Fractionation of biotite and feldspars was the principal process of magmatic differentiation and responsible for major element variation. Rb, Sr and Ba concentrations were controlled by feldspar separation, whereas REE elements were fractionated by accessory minerals, such as apatite, allanite and monazite.     

华北克拉通五台地区2.2～2.1Ga花岗岩的成因与构造背景

华北克拉通中部造山带内古元古代中期(2.2~2.0Ga)岩浆活动较为广泛,对探讨华北古元古代地质演化过程具有十分重要的意义。本文选择了五台地区古元古代大洼梁、王家会和莲花山花岗岩进行了地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究。大洼梁似斑状花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为2170±17Ma,王家会二长花岗质片麻岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄结果为2101±6Ma,3个莲花山花岗岩的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄结果分别为2117±6Ma、2110±4Ma和2143±15Ma。大洼梁花岗岩高SiO_2、富K_2O+Na_2O,低CaO,稀土元素含量较高(Eu除外),Zr、Nb、Ga和Y等高场强元素含量也较高,而Sr含量极低;同时Ga/Al比值和Zr+Nb+Y+Ce总量高,全岩Zr饱和温度高达876～968℃。该花岗岩体具有A型花岗岩的特征。王家会花岗岩和莲花山花岗岩样品也具有高硅、富碱和低镁钙特征,稀土元素具有弱到较强烈的分异,Eu负异常明显。3个花岗岩岩体微量元素都具有较高的Nb和Y值,因此具有后碰撞到板内花岗岩特征。所有花岗岩样品中锆石的εHf(t)值均远低于同期亏损地幔值,同时单阶段和两阶段模式年龄为2.4～2.6Ga和2.45～2.75Ga,明显大于花岗岩的成岩时代。这些花岗岩与五台地区新太古代晚期TTG质片麻岩具有相似的锆石Hf模式年龄。因此,结合岩石学、地球化学和同位素特征,本文倾向于认为古元古代花岗岩为新太古代TTG质片麻岩在伸展条件下部分熔融形成的。综合资料发现,华北克拉通中部带内2.2～2.0Ga岩浆事件不同地区表现有分带性。2.2～2.1Ga岩浆活动代表较早的阶段,其中部分花岗质岩石具有A型花岗岩特征,与同期的基性岩形成双峰式组合,推断其与华北克拉通古元古代中期陆内裂谷有关。     

龙镇地区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素及地质意义

龙镇地区花岗岩位于大、小兴安岭的结合部,属于兴安地块与松嫩地块中的A-I型花岗岩带;该区各岩体岩石类型基本相同,主要为花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,地球化学特征显示为高钾钙碱性系列的I型花岗岩。花岗岩中锆石的LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学分析结果表明,正达山岩体形成于320～315Ma,模拉布山岩体形成于169±3Ma,朝阳林场岩体形成于187～171Ma。这些花岗质岩浆的就位分别与古生代时期古亚洲洋闭合过程中的块体拼合作用及中生代古太平洋的构造演化有关。Hf同位素成分特征表明,两期花岗岩的源岩均为新元古代-显生宙期间亏损地幔来源的火成岩。结合已发表的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素资料,本文认为兴安地块大陆地壳增生的时间主要为新元古代-显生宙,这与松嫩地块一致,而明显晚于额尔古纳地块的地壳增生时间(中-新元古代),从而揭示了它们不同的地壳演化历史。     

赣中山庄二长花岗岩的成因与构造背景:岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学证据

赣中山庄花岗岩岩体位于钦杭成矿带的南侧,岩性上包括二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。本文对岩体北部的二长花岗岩开展了年代学、地球化学及同位素研究以约束该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及成岩构造背景。锆石CL图像、Th/U比值,以及(Sm/La)_N-La和Ce/Ce~*-(Sm/La)_N图解均表明,二长花岗岩所有锆石晶体为岩浆成因;其中第一组锆石加权平均年龄为420～419Ma,代表了岩浆结晶年龄。该花岗岩SiO_2含量为71.48%～66.20%、K_2O/Na_2O值为1.24～0.99、A/CNK1.1;结合白云母和石榴石的出现、ACF图解、Rb-Th、Rb-Y的负相关性,山庄二长花岗岩属高钾钙碱性强过铝质S型花岗岩。同时,该岩石亏损大离子亲石元素Ba和Sr以及高场强元素Nb和Ta,说明系壳源物质部分熔融的产物。CaO/Na_2O值(0.14～0.07)、Rb/Sr值(8.27～3.83)、Rb/Ba值(1.48～0.82)、FeO~T+MgO+TiO_2含量(2.4～1.8)和二阶段Nd模式年龄(t_(2DM)=2031～1971Ma)进一步说明二长花岗岩的源岩是古元古代的富粘土的泥质岩。锆石的饱和温度和Ti温度计计算结果表明二长花岗岩岩浆形成温度为722～720℃,黑云母的全铝温度计则反映其形成压力为3.21～2.71kbar。结合花岗岩构造环境判别图以及华南大地构造演化特征,山庄花岗岩岩体可能是在后碰撞环境下由古元古代富粘土泥质岩于低温低压条件下部分融熔的结果。     

西秦岭天水地区志留纪利桥花岗岩的岩石成因——来自地球化学和锆石U-Pb年代学与Hf同位素的约束

花岗岩在探讨大陆地壳生长与演化、造山带的形成及地球动力学演化等方面具有重要的意义。西秦岭天水地区利桥花岗岩主要由斜长石、石英、钾长石和黑云母等矿物组成,锆石U-Pb年代学表明岩体结晶年龄为439±3 Ma。利桥花岗岩具有高硅、富碱的特征,其铝饱和指数A/CNK值介于1.01～1.16之间,属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性-钙碱性花岗岩。利桥花岗岩富集K、Ba等大离子亲石元素和La、Ce等轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素,显示具有俯冲带岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征。利桥花岗岩具有较低的Mg#值（25～41）,且La/Yb-La、La/Sm-La图解显示该花岗岩在形成明显与部分熔融作用相关,此外岩体中的镁铁质微粒包体和正的锆石εHf(t)值,表明这些花岗岩在形成过程中有幔源物质的贡献。结合区域地质背景,我们认为利桥花岗岩是弧-陆碰撞前俯冲洋壳中先存的基性岩或新生地壳发生部分熔融所致,当然也不排除其为大陆边缘弧增厚下地壳部分熔融的产物。     

滇西三江地区临沧花岗岩的岩石成因:地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素约束

位于滇西三江地区南澜沧江带的临沧花岗岩,其岩石类型主要为黑云母二长花岗岩,研究结果表明,该花岗岩的SiO2含量为66.84%～73.99%,平均为69.72%,K2O/Na2O值高,为1.42～30.1,平均为8.66,Al2O3含量为12.94%～15.23%,平均为14.44%,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.06～8.59,平均为2.61,大部分大于1.1,为高钾钙碱性过铝-强过铝花岗岩。岩石总体上富集大离子亲石元素和Pb,明显亏损高场强元素。稀土总量198.2×10-6～359.2×10-6,平均为252.5×10-6,具有明显的轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的特征,(La/Yb)N为7.87～17.62,平均11.19,δEu为0.34～0.57,平均0.48,球粒陨石标准化配分模式显示明显的负Eu异常。两件样品的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为219.19±0.99Ma和219.69±0.67Ma,属晚三叠世。SiO2-P2O5、SiO2-Zr判别图、K2O-Na2O判别图、ACF图解等花岗岩成因类型判别图指示临沧花岗岩为S型花岗岩,其物质来源为贫粘土的砂屑岩。微量元素Rb-Y+Nd判别图中,临沧花岗岩体投影点全部落入后碰撞花岗岩区。在Sr-Yb判别图中,投影点大部分落入低Sr高Yb型花岗岩区,与我国东南沿海花岗岩特征一致,应形成于挤压向伸展转换的后碰撞阶段。锆石Hf同位素组成比较均一,εHf(t)均为负值(集中于-14～-11之间),Hf地壳模式年龄集中于1.95～2.15Ga,推断其为古老地壳部分熔融的产物。结合锆石定年结果及岩体产出的区域地质背景,我们认为临沧花岗岩形成于缅泰马陆块与思茅地块大陆碰撞造山过程的后碰撞阶段,应形成于晚三叠世。     

云南个旧高峰山花岗岩成因:锆石U-Pb年代学及地球化学约束

高峰山花岗岩体位于个旧矿区东区高松矿田南部,为一隐伏岩体,岩性主要为中粒黑云母二长花岗岩。本文对该岩体进行年代学、地球化学研究以约束其形成时代和岩石成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年获得的形成年龄为85.76±0.58Ma,即白垩纪晚期。地球化学数据显示,高峰山花岗岩具有高硅富碱的特点,属于准铝质到过铝质的高钾钙碱性花岗岩;并富集Rb、U、Ta、Pb、Nd,而亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Zr、Eu、Ti;稀土元素总量为(∑REE)为146.7×10^-6~236.1×10^-6,铕负异常非常明显(δEu为0.03~0.11),具有类似M型的四分组效应。初步研究表明,高峰山花岗岩具有A₂型花岗岩的特征,是地壳部分熔融形成的母岩浆经高程度的分离结晶作用形成的,是晚中生代华南西部岩石圈拉张伸展的地球动力学背景下,滇东南-桂西一带大规模岩浆活动-成岩事件的产物。     

Geochronological,geochemical and mineralogical constraints on the petrogenesis of appinites from the Laoniushan complex,eastern Qinling,central China

Appinites are commonly derived from a mantle source and are potentially significant in constraining the tectonic nature and evolution of ancient orogens, yet they have received little attention because of their limited outcrop. Here we investigate the newly identified appinitic rocks from the Laoniushan complex in the eastern Qinling Orogen. The appinites are composed of coarse-grained hornblendite, medium- and fine-grained hornblende-gabbro, and diorite porphyrite in the field occurrence. Winthin the appinitic rocks, the hornblendite displays features of cumulates. This study presents LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data, mineral chemistry and whole rock geochemistry of the appinites. Zircons in the mafic to ultramafic rocks yield a U-Pb age of 152 ± 1Ma. The geochemistry of the rocks displays: lower SiO₂, higher Fe₂O₃^T and MgO contents, relatively flat chondrite normalized REE patterns with slight enrichment in light REE and a minor negative Eu anomaly; enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements(LILE, e.g. Rb, Ba, Sr and P), and depletion in high field strength elements(HFSE, e.g. Nb, Zr, Hf and Ti). Such geochemical features, together with crust-like bulk Sr-Nd isotopic compositions(initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.7057–0.7072, ε_Nd(t) = −17.2 to −9), suggest that the Laoniushan appinites likely originated from an ancient metasomatised mantle, followed by fractional crystallization in the petrogenetic process. The studied appinites were most likely generated in an intracontinental extensional environment in the Late Mesozoic.     

柴北缘锡铁山花岗斑岩锆石U—Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素

对锡铁山北东侧的花岗斑岩体进行锆石U—Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素研究。通过LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb同位素测年,获得花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为373. 9±2. 2 Ma (MSWD=0. 069),属于晚泥盆世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示岩石富硅(SiO_2=76. 33%～76. 99%)和碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7. 28%～8. 19%),低钙(CaO=0. 58%～0. 75%)、镁(MgO=0. 20%～0. 31%)和Mg~#值(Mg~#=23. 29～30. 17),A/CNK介于0. 97～0. 98,属于准铝质钙碱性岩石系列。岩石相对富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素及Ba、Sr等部分大离子亲石元素。稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,轻稀土元素分馏明显,重稀土元素分馏较弱,且相对富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,显示明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0. 36～0. 43)。锆石Hf同位素ε_(Hf)(t)比值为+6. 6～+9. 6,二阶段模式年龄T_(DM2)为760～950 Ma。综合岩石地球化学及同位素的研究表明,锡铁山花岗斑岩为高分异的I型花岗岩,岩浆源区主要为起源亏损地幔的新元古代新生地壳物质的部分熔融。结合区域构造背景和前人研究成果,认为本文锡铁山花岗斑岩形成于柴达木地块与祁连地块碰撞后伸展的大地构造环境。     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗地区黑云母二长花岗岩的岩石地球化学、年代学特征及其地质意义

兴蒙造山带的构造格局、分布规律和演化过程十分复杂,特别是古亚洲洋“剪刀式”闭合的最后时限及随后的陆-陆碰撞过程仍未达成统一共识。文中研究区位于兴蒙造山带东段,大地构造位置夹持于贺根山—黑河断裂带和索伦—西拉木伦—长春断裂带之间,为研究中亚造山带东段的地质演化提供重要窗口。内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗黑云母二长花岗岩岩体呈岩株状产出,长轴约400 m,短轴150~250 m,长轴呈NE向展布,北侧侵入大石寨组,南部与林西组呈断层接触关系。岩石为中-细粒花岗结构,块状构造,主要由钾长石(40%)、斜长石(25%)、石英(20%)和黑云母(14%)及少量的绿泥石(1%)等组成。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果为(221.1±2.1) Ma,表明黑云母二长花岗岩形成于晚三叠世。岩石地球化学表现为高SiO₂(68.46%~70.38%),高K₂O+Na₂O(9.02%~9.39%),低P₂O₅(0.09%~0.17%),低MgO(0.60%~0.80%),低TiO₂(0.54%~0.58%),中等K₂O/Na₂O(0.90~1.54),轻重稀土元素分馏明显,轻稀土相对富集(∑LREE含量为(163.55~226.55)×10^-6),重稀土相对亏损(∑HREE含量为(11.96~21.67)×10^-6),明显富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、Ba和K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Zr和Hf,表现出过铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩特征,同时与华北陆块北缘二叠纪末—三叠纪岩浆岩形成于后碰撞/后造山的构造环境相符。综合前人研究成果和区域地质资料,推断内蒙古科尔沁右翼前旗地区黑云母二长花岗岩形成于岩石圈拆沉及软流圈上涌的环境中。     

东天山白山钼矿区花岗岩的岩石成因:锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素约束

新疆东天山晚古生代中酸性岩浆活动广泛分布且已有较多研究成果。近年来在该区识别出印支期岩浆作用,然而研究者对其岩石成因、源区性质及相关动力学问题研究较少。白山钼矿区位于东天山康古尔-黄山韧性剪切带东段,是东天山多金属成矿带印支期斑岩型钼矿床,其矿体主要赋存于深部花岗斑岩体外接触带中。本文则对白山钼矿区深部花岗斑岩开展了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Lu-Hf同位素组成研究。SIMS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,白山花岗斑岩体大约侵位于226.8±3.2Ma。岩石地球化学结果表明,花岗斑岩具高Si O2含量(68.87%~72.82%)及全碱含量(6.85%~8.17%),铝饱和指数A/CNK为0.93~1.06,均小于1.1,为准铝质至过铝质I型花岗岩。岩石具有明显的轻重稀土分异和弱的Eu负异常,富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Sr),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、Th),具高Sr/Y和La/Yb比值的特点,显示与埃达克质岩石相似的地球化学特征。白山花岗斑岩锆石Lu-Hf同位素数据显示,其具较高的εHf(t)值(+8.0~+11.0)和较年轻的地壳模式年龄tCDM(556~758Ma)。结合岩石地球化学及同位素地球化学特征,本文认为白山花岗岩体可能来源于增厚下地壳物质的部分熔融,并可能混有幔源岩浆物质,形成于东天山碰撞造山作用之后的板内伸展阶段。     

大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗地区石炭纪花岗岩的岩石成因、构造背景及对增生造山作用的指示

本文通过对大兴安岭中段扎赉特旗地区石炭纪花岗岩进行岩石学、年代学及地球化学分析,揭示其岩石成因、形成的构造背景及对增生造山作用的指示。早、晚石炭世二长花岗岩形成年龄依次为334Ma(早石炭世中期)与316Ma(晚石炭世早期)。早石炭世二长花岗岩具有较高的Si O2及Al2O3含量,铝指数均大于1. 1,为强过铝质S型花岗岩。相对较低的Rb/Ba及Rb/Sr比值反映出砂屑岩等贫泥质成分岩石为其原始岩浆的形成提供了物质来源,不同岩石类型脱水熔融实验也证明其成岩岩浆来源于变沉积岩的部分熔融。大量正的εHf(t)值和较为年轻的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=637～1048Ma)说明原始成岩岩浆来源于较为年轻的下地壳物质的部分熔融。少量负的εHf(t)值和较为古老的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=1268～1863Ma),说明成岩岩浆中也有少量古老前寒武纪壳源物质的参与。锆石饱和温度计算表明岩石的岩浆结晶温度在800～850℃之间。晚石炭世二长花岗岩富集轻稀土元素及Rb、Ba、U、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土元素,具有未分异I型花岗岩的特征。其岩浆来源于石榴子石稳定区之上,具中等地壳深度的变玄武岩部分熔融。同时其正的εHf(t)值(2. 1～8. 9)和较为年轻的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2=701～1094Ma)说明年轻下地壳物质也参与了原始岩浆的形成。岩浆演化过程中结晶分异作用较差,熔融作用发生于H2O不饱和的条件下。早石炭世二长花岗岩形成于碰撞后构造环境,说明兴安地块与松嫩地块最晚在早石炭世中期之前已经开始碰撞缝合。晚石炭世二长花岗岩的形成则与古洋盆闭合之后碰撞拼贴板块之间因造山作用而引发的"后碰撞"相关。中亚造山带在新元古代至寒武纪及晚古生代时期均经历了重要的地壳增生事件,除水平增生外,垂向增生也是一种重要增生方式,增生机制主要通过"二阶段增生"模式实现。前期俯冲板片的断离下沉或下地壳的拆沉作用导致的幔源岩浆上升在增生过程中起到了重要作用,不仅提供了热量,而且提供了新的物质来源。