1989年3月13日武昌地区太阳耀斑事件效应的观测结果

1989年3月13日太阳耀斑事件产生了丰富的地球物理效应。耀斑激波和耀斑粒子流引起强烈地磁暴。在武昌地区,磁暴急始发生于地方时3月13日09h30min,其初相期持续10小时（3月13日09h30min-19h20min）,主相期持续13小时（3月13日19h20min-3月14日08h20min）,至3月16日05h20min始恢复平静（图1）。     

1989年3月13日武昌地区太阳耀斑事件效应的观测结果

1989年3月13日太阳耀斑事件产生了丰富的地球物理效应。耀斑激波和耀斑粒子流引起强烈地磁暴。在武昌地区,磁暴急始发生于地方时3月13日09h30min,其初相期持续10小时(3月13日09h30min—19h20min),主相期持续13小时(3月13日19h20min—3月14日08h20min),至3月16日05h20min始恢复平静(图1)。     

2006年12月系列太阳耀斑事件的近地响应分析

利用几种不同空间位置空间天气观测数据对2006年12月系列太阳耀斑近地空间天气效应进行多方位分析,结果表明,该系列耀斑都伴随不同程度日冕物质抛射CME和高速太阳风,首轮耀斑产生超过600 km/s高速太阳风,12月6日通过L1点并持续到12月12日,12月14日次轮耀斑产生900 km/s太阳风高速流,该股高速太阳风引发12月15日地磁场特大磁暴。ACE数据显示,12月6、14、15日IMF南向分量长时间超过5 nT,14～15日有4 h以上超过10 nT,NOAA SEC发布的全球地磁综合KP指数15日超过8。磁暴期间华南地区30 min平均TEC最大值波动幅度达到10TECU或20%,表明发生了较大电离层暴。     

磁暴与太阳黑子的相关性

磁暴是太阳活动与地磁场相互作用所引起的一种复杂的地球物理效应。它们之间的活动相关性已得到了一些定性的了解。例如,据统计分析1937—1959年的580个太阳大耀斑表明,有50％的大耀斑可以引起磁暴。以及太阳黑子数与地磁活动程度(u)之间的11年周期变化等。为了解磁暴与太阳黑子的关系,本文利用太阳黑子相对数与日本柿岗地磁台1948—1978年间(其中所缺的1959—1962年的资料利用鹿屋台资料)每年出现的磁暴数,并     

水星磁层亚暴和磁暴

磁层亚暴和磁暴是太阳风—行星磁层耦合过程中发生的能量存储和爆发式释放现象,伴随着复杂的等离子体动力学,对磁层以及整个行星都具有强烈的影响.它们的发生不仅会通过粒子沉降引发绚丽多彩的极光,还可以通过电磁场影响人类以及其他生物的生产生活.对地球上的亚暴和磁暴现象的描述与研究至今已有近百年的历史,然而对其他行星上的亚暴以及磁...     

1986年2月6日磁暴和11日亚暴的一致性考察

本文从谱分析角度考察了1986年2月6日发生的大磁暴和随之于11日发生的亚暴,在中国地区(北半球、中低纬)和中国南极长城站(南半球、高纬)的全过程,以及磁暴初相、主相和恢复期3个不同物理过程中的谱成份。结果表明,像2月6日这样特大的急始型磁暴,无论从形态和最大幅度的纬度分布规律看,还是从其谱成份来看,均具有全球一致性。各台磁暴的共同谱周期为65min 和130min,正是亚暴主要周期130min 的1/2和1倍。因此推断磁暴中包含有许多亚暴。     

耀斑日面位置与磁扰关系的不对称性

本文探討了耀斑日面位置与磁扰关系的不对称性。經分析研究,得到（βγ+γ+β_f）型活动区耀斑的磁扰效应有明显的南北不对称性,但（β_p+β）型活动区耀斑却无此南北不对称效应。在太阳南半球,不論那种磁場类型活动区,发生在西边的耀斑要比东西或中心子午线附近耀斑的影响强,而在北半球只有（β_p+β）型活动区耀斑才有这种东西不对称性效应。在最近三个太阳黑子周內,这些不对称是經常存在的,而在春秋季表現最为明显。     

关于2003年10～11月日地关系重大事件研究综述

发生于2003年10～11月许许多多日地关系重大事件,西方称为万圣节日地事件或风暴(Halloween Events 或Halloween Storms),并予以特别关注.本文综述对这次日地重大事件的国际集会讨论和公开出版的文献,在太阳爆发方面包括：（1）太阳活动区与耀斑;（2）日冕物质抛射CMEs;（3）日冕激波;（4）太阳高能粒子SFPs;（5）活动区能量与面积、耀斑大小和CME速率.在日球层与地球物理效应方面,包括：（1）日球层响应;（2）大磁暴与宇宙线磁层效应;（3）热层与电离层效应;（4）白天极光、臭氧亏损;（5）中国学者工作.期望我国在此基础上积极开展工作和取得创新.     

磁暴活动与太阳黑子的相关性

磁暴活动与太阳黑子的相关性高祥真（新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐基准台，乌鲁木齐）０前言磁暴是太阳活动与地磁场相互作用所引起的一种复杂的地球物理效应。它们之间的活动规律人们已有了一些定性的了解。例如，统计分析１９３７～１９５９年的５８０个太阳大耀斑表明，有...     

太阳γ及β_γ黑子磁埸区大耀斑的地磁效应

本文研究了1938-1958年间,太阳γ及βγ黑子磁場区的3級与3~+級大耀斑的地磁效应。用相关及迴归分析法,計算了太阳赤緯、日軸方位角及耀斑的日面經緯度等因素对于磁扰的彭响。根据分析結果,繪出了日面地磁扰动等值图。利用水手2号飞船上量譜仪測出的太阳风速度和相应的地磁A_p指数,算出了相关关系,并用此和上述日面地磁扰动等值图配合,推算了在耀斑发生以后,太阳风的径向分量沿地球軌道的分布。参考文內各相应的曲线,可以約略估計出耀斑发生后地磁A_p指数的大小。     

地磁钩扰的全球响应特征研究与初步统计结果

地磁钩扰是太阳耀斑效应的直观表现之一,其研究有助于深入理解太阳爆发对地球空间环境的影响过程,并能为空间天气建模和预报提供科学依据.本文利用山东大学威海地磁台和Intermagnet地磁链与子午工程的地磁观测数据,联合GOES卫星及数字测高仪等的数据,研究了一个由M5.6级太阳耀斑引发的地磁钩扰事件的全球响应特征.研究发现：地磁钩扰特征呈现出南北半球与午前/午后的差异,且地磁响应相对于太阳耀斑存在约3 min的滞后现象,而夜侧无明显扰动;利用位于日侧的50余个地磁台站的数据统计分析后发现地磁钩扰幅度呈现正态分布,且在当地时正午附近达到峰值;利用地磁数据反演出钩扰发生时电离层的电流体系S_s和宁静日电流S_q,并用该电流体系解释了此事件中地磁数据的变化特征.另外,本文初步统计了1996-2015年的地磁钩扰事件数以及相关的太阳耀斑事件数,分析后发现X级耀斑引发地磁钩扰的可能性最大,达42%,由M级耀斑引发的地磁钩扰事件数最多,A、B、C级等小耀斑引发地磁钩扰的可能性很小.     

太阳质子事件、双带耀斑及日冕物质抛射

本文统计了第２２ 太阳活动周期间（１９９１ ～１９９５ 年） 发生的２５ 个太阳质子事件与太阳耀斑及日冕物质抛射（ＣＭＥ） 事件的关系　　统计结果表明, 所有的太阳质子事件都与耀斑发生相关, 除２ 个质子事件（１９９４１０２０ 和１９９５１０２０ 日发生的太阳质子事件） 与ＣＭＥ发生无关, 其余质子事件也都与ＣＭＥ 相关　　值得注意的是, 与质子事件相关的耀斑有１６ 个是双带耀斑, 其中包括与ＣＭＥ无关的２ 个事件的耀斑, 占总数的６４ ％ 　　上述统计结果证实了无论是太阳耀斑, 还是物质抛射, 它们对太阳质子事件的发生同样起着非常重要的作用     

Solar flare model: Comparison of the results of numerical simulations and observations

The electrodynamic flare model is based on numerical 3D simulations with the real magnetic field of an active region. An energy of ∼10³² erg necessary for a solar flare is shown to accumulate in the magnetic field of a coronal current sheet. The thermal X-ray source in the corona results from plasma heating in the current sheet upon reconnection. The hard X-ray sources are located on the solar surface at the loop foot-points. They are produced by the precipitation of electron beams accelerated in field-aligned currents. Solar cosmic rays appear upon acceleration in the electric field along a singular magnetic X-type line. The generation mechanism of the delayed cosmic-ray component is also discussed.     

太阳活动区磁场与CMEs和太阳质子事件

文中选了５ 个典型活动区, 分析了这些活动区的磁场, 与活动区相应的ＣＭＥｓ, 太阳爆发事件和太阳质子事件我们发现, 对于Ｅ ≥１０ｍｅＶ 的太阳质子事件有相应的源活动区, 源耀斑和ＣＭＥ; 活动区矢量磁场有剪切, 磁场剪切越强质子事件越强; 多数在质子耀斑发生前出现磁流浮现; 太阳１０ｃｍ 射电爆发持续时间长文中结果还佐证了Ｓｈｅａｌｙ 等的结果： Ｘ 射线耀斑的长持续时间与ＣＭＥ 的发生正相关另外,在５ 个活动区中, 有三个大耀斑发生前没有明显的磁剪切作为它们的先兆, 它们是非质子源耀斑这是Ｍｏｏｒｅ, Ｈａｇｙａｒｄ 和Ｄａｖｉｓ 的磁场强剪切是耀斑产生的必要条件的反例     

An inspection of the long-term behaviour of the range of the daily geomagnetic field variation from comprehensive modelling

This paper attempts to reveal whether long-term trends in the ionosphere are reflected in the amplitude range of the geomagnetic daily variation recorded at ground level. The smooth and regular variation observed in the magnetograms on magnetically quiet days is induced by the ionospheric currents flowing in the dynamo region. So it is likely that trends in the conductivity or in the dynamics of this region could produce changes in the current densities, and consequently in the range of the geomagnetic variation. The crucial aspect is how to separate the changes produced by the geomagnetic activity itself, or by secular changes of the Earth's magnetic field, from the part of the variation produced by factors affecting trends in the ionosphere, which could have an anthropogenic origin. To investigate this, we synthesized for several geomagnetic observatories the daily ranges of the geomagnetic field components with a comprehensive model of the quiet-time, near-Earth magnetic field, and finally we removed the synthetic values from the observed ranges at those observatories. This comprehensive model accounts for contributions from Earth's core, lithosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere and coupling currents, and, additionally, accounts for influences of main field and solar activity variations on the ionosphere. Therefore, any trend remaining in the residuals, assuming that all the contributions mentioned above are properly described and thus removed by the comprehensive model, should reflect the influence of other sources. Results, based on series of magnetic data from observatories worldwide distributed, are presented. Trends in the X and Z components are misleading, since the current system changes in form as well as in intensity, producing changes of the focus latitude in the course of a solar cycle and from one cycle to another. Some differences exist between the long-term trends in the Y component between the real and modelled ranges, suggesting that other non-direct solar causes to the amplitude changes of the solar quiet geomagnetic variation should not be ruled out. Nevertheless, the results also reflect some short-comings in the way that the comprehensive modelling accounts for the influence of the solar activity on the range of the daily geomagnetic variation.     

Long-period geomagnetic pulsations as solar flare precursors

We compare long-period pulsations of the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field at intervals that precede extreme solar flares. To this end, we use the wavelet–skeleton technique to process the geomagnetic field disturbances recorded at magnetic stations over a wide geographical range. The synchronization times of wavelet–skeleton spectral distributions of long-period pulsations of geomagnetic oscillations over all magnetic stations are shown as normalized histograms. A few days before an intense solar flare, the histograms show extremes. This means that these extremes can be regarded as flare precursors. The same technique is used to analyze the parameters of near-Earth space. The histograms obtained in this case are free of the aforementioned extrema and, therefore, cannot point to an upcoming flare. The goal of this study is to construct a correlation–spectral method for the short-term prediction of solar flare activity.     

The Ionospheric foF2 Data over Istanbul and their Response to Solar Activity for the Years 1964–1969 and 1993

A Polish-made vertical ionosonde (VI) has been operated at the Kandilli Observatory in Istanbul, for almost one year (May 1993 - April 1994) as part of the COST 238, PRIME Project, The critical frequencies were obtained for every half-hour interval. The data obtained during this campaign, on the descending branch of solar cycle 22, and the data measured earlier in Istanbul for cycle 20 were analysed and the characteristic behaviour of the F2 region ionosphere over Istanbul has been determined. This is a unique data set for this area. Several markers of the solar cycle activities in terms of the daily relative sunspot numbers, F10.7 cm solar radio flux and solar flare index, and the magnetic daily index of Ap were then used to seek the possible influence of the solar and ionospheric activities on the critical frequencies observed in Istanbul. It was found that the solar flare index, as a solar activity index, was more reliable in determining quiet ionospheric days. It is shown that the minimum and maximum time values of the solar activity are more convenient for ionospheric prediction and modelling.     

Nonlinear and multifractal approaches of the geomagnetic field

Recent nonlinear dynamics techniques have been developed to analyse chaotic time series data. We first summarize the procedure which gives an appropriate reconstruction of the unknown dynamics from scalar measurements in a pseudophase space. It permits, firstly, the representation of the trajectories of the dynamical system—they define an attractor when the system is dissipative—by preserving its topological properties. We then present the invariant measures and ergodic quantities such as the multifractal spectrum and Lyapunov exponents which can be estimated on the reconstructed attractor. The multifractal analysis provides us with a characterization of the scaling energy of the process whereas the Lyapunov exponent gives another statistical measure of the stability of the dynamics. The estimation of these quantities was tested on synthetic data. The nonlinear and multifractal analyses were finally applied to the hourly mean values of the magnetic field recorded at the Eskdalemuir (ESK) observatory over 79 years (692,520 data measurements for each component). The estimations of a 5-dimensional pseudo-phase space and a positive Lyapunov exponent confirm the possibility of low-dimensional deterministic chaos in the magnetic field observations at ESK observatory. The correlation between the solar activity (the Wolf number), the unstable nature of the magnetic field, and the singularity spectrum points out the forcing of the solar cycles on the dynamics of the magnetic field at ESK observatory.     

太阳风引起的地磁扰动的辨识建模

本文作为地磁扰动系统辨识研究系列的第３篇文章，首先对太阳风－磁层能量耦合进行分析，在此基础上总结和建立一个含有待定参数的物理模型．然后利用参数辨识方法，具体地确定这些参数和函数，从而得到一个完整而确定的数学物理模型，并对这一模型的实用性和可信度进行检验．另外，还选择１９７２年８月事件进行了一次预报实验，即根据太阳耀斑的观测，利用ＨＡ方法和文中得到的模型，分两步实现对地磁扰动的预报．     

太阳活动低年电离层磁场VLF波的观测特性研究

本文利用搭载在DEMETER卫星上的感应式磁力仪(Instrument Magnetometer Search-Coil,IMSC)探测数据分析了磁场甚低频(Very Low Frequency,VLF)波功率谱的空间分布.在排除地磁扰动影响(Dst≤-30 nT,Kp≥3,AE≥200 nT)的前提下,我们给出200...