热带季节内振荡研究新进展

季节内振荡既是热带大气活动的强信号，也是热带海洋中较为普遍的现象。本文叙述了热带大气和热带海洋季节内振荡研究的进展，包括热带大气季节内振荡的观测研究、机制研究以及热带海洋季节内振荡方面的研究；讨论了海气相互作用、不同尺度间相互作用对季节内振荡的影响；在总结上述研究成果的基础上提出了热带季节内振荡研究进一步的发展方向。     

热带大气季节内振荡的进一步分析

利用ＥＣＭＷＦ的格点资料对热带大气季节内振荡作了进一步分析研究,表明热带大气季节内振荡既有Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波型扰动,也有Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波型扰动;影响热带大气季节内振荡移动的主要因素有扰动波型和积云对流活动的异常;伴随ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件的发生,热带大气季节内振荡的动能急剧减小,而准定常扰动动能急剧增大,既反映了热带大气季节内振荡对ＥｌＮｉｎｏ的激发作用,也说明了在ＥｌＮｉｎｏ期间热带大气季节内振荡偏弱的原因。     

青藏高原雪盖的季节内变化及其影响

回顾了青藏高原雪盖的季节内变化及其影响研究的新进展。高原大部分地区雪盖不稳定且持续时间短,导致高原雪盖具有显著的季节内快速变化特征。局地气温和降水的季节内变化是控制高原雪盖季节内变化的直接原因,这种直接关系是区域大气环流季节内活动的结果。高原雪盖季节内变化还与大尺度大气环流的季节内活动有关,热带季节内振荡、北极涛动和北大西洋涛动引起的大气季节内过程可解释部分高原雪盖季节内变率。高原雪盖季节内变化通过雪-反照率效应迅速对大气施加影响,雪盖造成的冷异常通过大气平流过程影响高原及其下游地区,造成东亚高空急流和东亚大槽增强。由于高原雪盖季节内变化的重要影响,数值预报中高原雪盖的初始场和预报场会影响次季节预报技巧。     

Monsoon intraseasonal oscillation and land�Catmosphere interaction in an idealized model

A simple coupled model is used in a zonally-symmetric configuration to investigate the effect of land?Catmosphere coupling on the Asian monsoon intraseasonal oscillation. The atmospheric model is a version of the Quasi-equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model with a prognostic atmospheric boundary layer, as well as two free-tropospheric modes in momentum, and one each in moisture and temperature. The land model is the simple one-layer model SLand. The complete nonlinear version and a linear version of the model are used to understand how land?Catmosphere interaction influences the northward-propagating intraseasonal oscillation that has been documented in the atmospheric model (Bellon and Sobel in J Geophys Res 113, 2008a, J Atmos Sci 65:470?C489, 2008b). Our results show that this interaction damps the intraseasonal variability in most cases. The small heat capacity of land surfaces is the main factor that intervenes directly in the dynamics of the intraseasonal oscillation and explains the damping of intraseasonal variability. But in a few peculiar cases, the small heat capacity of land can also cause a strong interaction between the intraseasonal oscillation and the mean state via the nonlinearity of precipitation, that enhances the monsoon intraseasonal variability. High land albedo indirectly influences the intraseasonal variability by setting the seasonal mean circulation to conditions unfavorable for the monsoon intraseasonal oscillation.     

长江三角洲梅汛期降水与大气环流季节内演变的关系及延伸期预报

基于1981—2020年长江三角洲(简称长三角)地区62个国家基本气象站的逐日降水量资料及NCEP/NCAR全球大气逐日再分析资料,分析了长三角地区梅汛期降水与前期大气环流季节内协同演变的关系,在此基础上利用改进的时空投影方法(STPM)构建了针对该地区梅汛期降水的延伸期预报模型.结果表明:(1)长三角地区梅汛期降水存...     

Intraseasonal variability in subtropical South America as depicted by precipitation data

Daily precipitation data from three stations in subtropical Argentina are used to describe intraseasonal variability (20–90 days) during the austral summer. This variability is compared locally and regionally with that present in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data, in order to evaluate the performance of this variable as a proxy for convection in the region. The influence of the intraseasonal activity of the South American Seesaw (SASS) leading convection pattern on precipitation is also explored. Results show that intraseasonal variability explains a significant portion of summer precipitation variance, with a clear maximum in the vicinity of the SASS subtropical center. Correlation analysis reveals that OLR can explain only a small portion of daily precipitation variability, implying that it does not constitute a proper proxy for precipitation on daily timescales. On intraseasonal timescales, though, OLR is able to reproduce the main features of precipitation variability. The dynamical conditions that promote the development of intraseasonal variability in the region are further analyzed for selected summers. Seasons associated with a strong intraseasonal signal in precipitation variability show distinctive wet/dry intraseasonal periods in daily raw data, and are associated with a well defined SASS-like spatial pattern of convection. During these summers, strong large-scale forcing (such as warm El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and/or tropical intraseasonal convective activity), and Rossby-wave-like circulation anomalies extending across the Pacific Ocean, are also observed.     

气候平均状况下亚洲夏季风的季节内演变过程

根据1979—1995年美国NOAA的向外长波辐射逐日资料,用功率谱分析和带通滤波方法,对气候平均状况下亚洲夏季风的季节内演变过程进行分析,归纳得到亚洲季风区各个子系统季节内变化的8个关键阶段。利用1979—1999年NCEP/NCAR的大气环流再分析资料及中国气象局降水资料CMAP,对每个关键阶段亚洲夏季风的环流和降水的时空演变特征进行分析,得到亚洲季风区环流和降水季节内变化的物理图像。研究表明,在不同的季节内演变阶段,亚洲夏季风各个子系统成员的环流系统的变化特征可以将亚洲夏季风系统的季节内演变过程较好地描述出来。     

海河下游延伸期降水过程的低频预测方法

本文对海河下游地区强降水过程与大气低频信号进行了诊断分析,结果表明雨日的低频涡度场在我国存在显著的偶极子型异常分布。根据这一异常分布特征构造了一对低频预报指数Dcurl35和Dcurl12以及相应的延伸期强降水过程的低频预报方法。进一步使用该低频预报方法进行了历史降水过程的回报检验和2014年强降水过程的预报试验,结果证明该方法对海河下游延伸期强降水过程有较好的预报能力,可以实际应用于海河下游延伸期强降水过程预报业务。      

季节内印度洋-西太平洋对流涛动对次季节-季节尺度大气可预报性的影响

利用非线性局部Lyapunov指数和条件非线性局部Lyapunov指数定量估计了季节内印度洋-西太平洋对流涛动（IPCO）和实时多变量Madden-Julian指数（RMM指数）可预报期限,量化了季节内IPCO对S2S尺度大气可预报性的贡献,深入研究了季节内IPCO演变下S2S尺度可预报期限空间分布的变化规律。结果表明：（1）与RMM指数相比,季节内IPCO指数可预报性更强,可预报期限达到31天左右,比RMM指数高出2周以上;（2）印度洋-西太平洋区域S2S尺度大气可预报性最强,可预报期限达到30天以上,其中季节内IPCO是该地区的主要可预报性来源之一,其贡献达到6天,占总可预报期限的25%以上;（3）随着季节内IPCO的演变,印度洋-西太平洋地区S2S尺度大气可预报性有空间结构变化,表现为可预报期限异常的传播和振荡。S2S尺度大气可预报期限正负异常沿季节内IPCO传播路径,一支以赤道中西印度洋为起点北传至印度半岛,一支向东传播,经过海洋性大陆到赤道西太平洋后向北传播,到达日本南部。同时,可预报性异常的传播在在东印度洋和西太平洋表现出反向变化的特征,形成东西两极振荡,当季节内IPCO向正位相发展时,东印度洋具有更强的可预报性,西太平洋具有更弱的可预报性,反之亦然。季节内IPCO的发展（衰退）可使东印度洋（西太平洋）S2S尺度大气可预报性更强,表明模式预报技巧对此具有更大的提升空间。     

北半球冬季中纬度位势高度场的季节内振荡

利用1979—2012年逐日NCEP/DOE再分析资料,分析北半球中纬度冬季(11月1日—4月30日)对流层位势高度的季节内振荡特征。结果表明:对流层上层位势高度的季节内变化强度较中下层更强,中心主要位于太平洋和大西洋上空;对流层上层位势高度场主要为1~3波的超长波形势,功率谱分析结果表明其时间序列呈现显著的季节内振荡(10~60 d)特征;10~60 d滤波的位势高度异常空间分布与原异常场一致,位势高度季节内振荡随时间主要表现为向西传播的特征,尤其表现在北太平洋上空,而亚欧大陆更为复杂一些;亚洲冬季风对北半球中纬度位势高度的季节内振荡有响应,主要表现为蒙古高压位置和强度的异常,继而对我国冬季气温产生影响。     

Changes in the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation projected by the CNRM-CM5 model under the RCP 8.5 scenario

Climate Dynamics - The 30–60-day boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) is the predominant intraseasonal variability in the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) region, representing the...     

青藏高原夏季高层纬向风季节内振荡特征

利用1979—2019年ECMWF提供的ERA-Interim逐日再分析资料,采用Morlet小波分析、滤波及合成分析等方法,探究了青藏高原夏季对流层高层纬向风季节内振荡（IntraSeasonal Oscillation,ISO）的主要周期及其传播特征。结果表明：青藏高原夏季高层纬向风季节内振荡的主要周期为10～30 d,其强度存在明显的年际差异。在纬向风ISO强年,振荡过程持续时间长、振幅强,ISO方差中心从对流层高层向下影响到对流层中层,表现为相当正压结构。其传播在纬向上主要表现为ISO中心从高原东部3次向东传,可达西太平洋地区;经向上分别有4次自中高纬向南传播的10～30 d ISO中心与来自低纬地区的ISO中心在高原南侧汇合,其强度在高原南侧有所加强,强振荡中心可向南传播到达低纬地区。ISO的位相演变主要表现为低频反气旋和低频气旋中心在高原东部交替出现,引起东部地区上空低频东风和低频西风的强度变化。在ISO极端活跃位相,高原东部低频西风达最强。     

南海夏季风对流季节内振荡的频谱变化特征

利用1980～1997年TBB资料和海表温度（SST）资料,诊断分析了南海对流季节内变化频谱及强度的变化特征,并探讨对流季节内振荡强度与对流本身强度以及南海SST之间的关系。结果表明,南海对流季节内变化强度及频谱存在明显的年内变化、年际变化和年代际变化特征;南海地区夏半年对流及其ISO1强度与后期冬季南海SST有一定的关系,当夏半年对流较强（弱）,ISO1较强（弱）时,则后期冬季南海SST偏低（高）。     

夏季长江中下游旱涝年季节内振荡气候特征

利用1951—2004年我国740站逐日降水资料对夏季长江中下游典型旱涝年季节内振荡周期、强度和位相等特征进行合成对比分析发现:长江中下游涝年降水季节内振荡周期较旱年长, 涝年以30~60 d周期为主, 而旱年以10~30 d周期为主。旱涝年长江中下游地区夏季降水的10~30 d振荡整体上均强于30~60 d振荡; 10~30 d及30~60 d振荡, 涝年的强度都大于旱年。季节内振荡在旱年的北传较涝年强, 能达到50°N附近; 而涝年不仅有明显的季节内振荡从低纬度地区向北传播, 同时还有弱的振荡从中高纬度地区向南传播, 两者汇合于长江流域形成强的振荡中心。影响我国低频降水的低频异常环流分布模态在旱涝年是一致的, 但涝年的低频环流强于旱年, 而这种低频环流场的差异正是造成涝年的低频降水强于旱年的原因之一。     

An analysis of extreme intraseasonal rainfall events during January–March 2010 over eastern China

The precipitation over eastern China during January–March 2010 exhibited a marked intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) and a dominant period of 10-60 days. There were two active intraseasonal rainfall periods. The physical mechanisms responsible for the onset of the two rainfall events were investigated using ERA-interim data. In the first ISO event, anomalous ascending motion was triggered by vertically integrated (1000–300 hPa) warm temperature advection. In addition to southerly anomalies on the intraseasonal (10–60-day) timescale, synoptic-scale southeasterly winds helped advect warm air from the South China Sea and western Pacific into the rainfall region. In the second ISO event, anomalous convection was triggered by a convectively unstable stratification, which was caused primarily by anomalous moisture advection in the lower troposphere (1000–850 hPa) from the Bay of Bengal and the Indo-China Peninsula. Both the intraseasonal and the synoptic winds contributed to the anomalous moisture advection. Therefore, the winter intraseasonal rainfall events over East Asia in winter could be affected not only by intraseasonal activities but also by higher frequency disturbances.     

Numerical Simulation and Comparison Study of the Atmospheric Intraseasonal Oscillation

Daily mean outputs for 12 yr (1978-1989) from two general circulation models (SAMIL-R42L9 and CAM2.0.2) are analyzed and compared with the corresponding NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset, and results in two models show clearly that the root-mean square errors (RMSEs) from the simulation of intraseasonal oscillation can take 30-40 percent of the total RMSE, particularly, the distributions of the RMSE in simulating intraseasonal oscillation are almost identical with that of the total RMSE. The maximum RMSE of intraseasonal oscillation height at 500 hPa is shown in the middle latitude regions, but there are also large RMSEs of intraseasonal oscillation wind over the tropical western Pacific and tropical Indian Oceans. The simulated ISO energy in the tropic has very large difference from the result of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset which means the simulation of tropical atmospheric ISO still possesses serious insufficiency. Therefore, intraseasonal oscillation in the weather and climate numerical simulation is very important, and thus, how to improve the ability of the GCM to simulate the intraseasonal oscillation becomes very significant.     

大气中的波流相互作用研究进展

简要回顾了近年来关于波动同纬向平均流相互作用的研究进展,重点讨论了E-P通量和波作用守恒理论的研究进展,同时,还介绍了波流作用稳定性问题的理论研究动态.     

Evolution of intraseasonal oscillation over the tropical western pacific / south china sea and its effect to the summer precipitation in southern china{1{

In this paper, the evolution of intraseasonal oscillation over the South China Sea and tropical western Pacific area and its effect to the summer rainfall in the southern China are studied based on the ECMWF data and TBB data) analyses. A very low-frequency waves exist in the tropics and play an important role in dominating intraseasonal oscillation and lead to special seasonal variation of intraseasonal oscillation over the South China Sea / tropical western Pacific area. The intraseasonal oscillation (convection) over the South China Sea and tropical western Pacific area is closely related to the summer rainfall (convection) in the southern China. Their relationship seems to be a seesaw feature, and this relationship resulting from the different pattern of convection in those two re-gions is caused by the different type of local meridional circulation     

Evolution of Intraseasonal Oscillation over the Tropica lWestern Pacific/South China Sea and Its Effect to the Summer Precipitation in Southern China

ＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＩｎｔｒａｓｅａｓｏｎａｌＯｓｃｉｌａｔｉｏｎｏｖｅｒｔｈｅＴｒｏｐｉｃａｌＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＰａｃｉｆｉｃ／ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａａｎｄＩｔｓＥｆｅｃｔｔｏｔｈｅＳｕｍｍｅｒＰｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＣｈｉ...