武汉地区断裂构造研究

本文运用数字图象处理技术,统计分析方法、构造地质、地震地质等多种定量、定性分析方法对武汉地区断裂构造特征及其与地震活动性的关系进行了深入研究。文中编制了断裂构造系列等密度图,指出了断裂构造的网络特征,进而对隐伏断裂进行了讨论,首次提出了汉阳——梁子湖北西向隐伏断裂的概念,最后对断裂构造与地震活动的关系进行了探讨。     

用温度植被干旱指数识别河源地区隐伏构造

针对遥感技术在植被覆盖区构造信息提取的难点,使用Landsat 7 ETM+数据提取温度植被干旱指数(TVDI),结合数字高程模型(Digital elevation model,DEM)、GF-1数据和Google earth图像,对河源地区的隐伏断裂构造进行综合解译.综合解译结果对区内大部分的隐伏断裂构造都能很好地反映,可较好地识别规模为1～2 km的次级隐伏断裂构造,以及一些延伸规模10 km以上的断裂.结果表明:TVDI线性异常能够指示隐伏断层的存在,结合DEM及多光谱数据综合解译方法能有效识别植被覆盖区隐伏断层,研究结果对植被覆盖区隐伏断层构造研究具有很好的应用价值.     

运用地貌学方法研究平原地区隐伏断裂——以大同盆地内部NE向隐伏断裂为例

运用地貌学方法,对河流阶地的研究,是探索平原区隐伏活动断裂的有效方法之一。依据实测河流阶地(御河,十里河,鹅毛口河,大峪河)的数据作横剖面图,阶地位相图和通过钻探资料的分析,证实有两条NE向隐伏断裂的存在,并在其控制下形成地垒,地垒构造至今还在活动。     

遥感方法对黄土地区隐伏控油构造的评价

本文提出了判断黄土地区隐伏断裂的标志,并将研究区的隐伏断裂划分为基岩断裂、新构造或继承性构造、断裂破碎带或岩脉以及深层构造4种类型。在此基础上提出了与传统观点不同的区域构造格局及三级构造单元划分。然后,根据油气藏的类型、圈闭原理及研究区的构造背景,提出了隔水性构造可以圈闭油藏、为控油构造的结论。最后,以3条隐伏断裂为例,说明了隔水性和漏水性构造的遥感信息特征及其形成机制,并在研究区内圈出了3个油田预测区。     

在铜官山老矿区内进一步找矿的几点意见

根据遥感图像解译,结合地面地质、物化探资料分析,对铜官山地区成矿控制因素重新进行了认识,认为铜官山地区铜金矿主要受隐伏岩体控制,特别是受岩浆分异晚期浅成侵入小岩体控制。同时北东、北西向深切断裂对分异岩浆上侵也起到了控制作用。据此提出了北东、北西断裂切割的菱块状构造边角部位、环形构造内部及宝山-笔山北西向断裂延伸部位可作为进一步找矿的远景地区。     

GRACE卫星时变重力场的小波多尺度分解——以2008年汶川Ms8.0大地震为例

根据UTCSR发布的GRACE卫星资料,计算了汶川及其周边地区的卫星时变重力场,并利用小波多尺度分析方法对卫星重力场进行分解,得到了反映不同深度的重力场细节和逼近。通过研究各个细节和逼近成分的重力场变化,结合区域构造运动的特点,对GRACE观测的时变重力场及汶川地震的动力机制进行了初步解释和讨论。结果表明,4阶细节和4阶逼近较好地揭示了汶川地区构造形变和深部物质流动引起的重力变化,而且这种震前重力变化特征满足地震孕育发生的条件。     

中国流动重力监测与地震预测

主要介绍中国大陆流动重力监测网布局、重力测量数据处理及重力前兆信息提取方法、流动重力监测结果所反映的区域重力场动态变化图像及所揭示的构造活动特征。在大量观测资料的基础上,研究重力异常变化与地震孕育发生关系,探索地震预测的研究思路、途径和方法,并积极利用重力观测资料进行地震中期危险性预测研究,及时将研究成果用于震情会商及年度地震趋势预测,为强震预测和年度危险区划定提供了重力学前兆依据。指出了流动重力监测中仍存在的问题,并提出了利用时变重力监测资料推进地震预测研究的设想和思考。     

南北地震带北段环形构造及其控震作用(摘要)

1.环形构造解译 本区位于我国南北地震带北段(武都至海原)。本文利用陆地卫星MSS、TM合成图像和部分航片,以及经过大量的光学影像增强处理的图像提取了大量环形影像,并结合地形地貌、地质、地震及地球物理资料分析,解译出直径大于15km的环形构造33个。据至1991年底的地震历史记载,区内共发生M≥4级的地震94次,统计结果表明,其中68次位于环形构造的内部或边缘,占总数的72%。 2.环形构造的控震作用 研究环形构造及其控震作用,有助于提高对本区地震构造环境研究的深度和广度,从而对本区地震危险性评价和地震的预测预报有一定的实际意义。 (1…     

澜沧老厂矿床线-环结构模式拟建及成矿预测

根据矿床遥感地质理论，解译分析老厂矿床线、环构造及蚀变信息，并结合地质、物化探信息，拟建老厂矿床线-环结构模 式。在区域性北西向线性构造带遥感地质背景下，南北轴向南老环和东西轴向透镜体系列叠加形成老厂环-环横叠式结构，二者分 别反映华力西期火山洼地和燕山-喜山期隐伏中酸性岩体，其叠加地段是有利成矿部位。影像上受北北西向线性构造控制的色调异 常斑块显示了近矿围岩蚀变的范围，并据此模式进行成矿预测。     

应用遥感在中国西北部荒漠覆盖区寻找隐伏构造的方法探索

西北地区沙漠、戈壁广布,许多地方荒无人烟,但能源和矿产资源丰富,辽阔的地域是充分发挥遥感优势的有利用武之地。本文总结了在西北地区应用遥感寻找隐伏构造的方法,并提出遥感与其它非地震勘探方法相配合,可在油气资源勘查中发挥更大的作用。     

地震事件自动识别的标准时频变换方法

提出将标准时频变换(normal time-frequency transform,NTFT)与卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks,CNN)结合,尝试实现地震信号的自动准确识别。单纯利用神经网络方法识别地震通常需要人工方式判别收集地震信号样本,对受到噪声污染的信号进行相关预处理操作。采用NTFT+CNN模型无需预处理去噪,更具有实用性。从中国云南省盈江地区3个台站连续两周的地震记录中截取19 884个地震事件和17 640个噪声数据作为样本,分别利用CNN模型与NTFT+CNN模型进行3台站与单台站地震信号识别实验。在3台站实验中,CNN模型的地震信号识别准确率为93.10%,NTFT+CNN模型的地震信号识别准确率提升至97.80%,引入NTFT使得识别错误率降低了3倍,表明NTFT+CNN模型可更为有效地识别信噪比低的地震信号。与此同时,CNN模型的训练次数为29,而NTFT+CNN模型训练18次即可达到上述识别准确率,说明NTFT+CNN模型收敛快速且稳定。在单台站实验中,对比考察3种典型噪声情况下的模型表现,进一步验证了NTFT对噪声-地震...     

MELISSA,a new class of ground based InSAR system. An example of application in support to the Costa Concordia emergency

Ground Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radars (GB-InSAR) have proved to be fully operational tools for the monitoring of ground displacement and structural deformation. The main limiting factor of the existing systems is the time to acquire a single image, typically ranging from few seconds to few minutes. This paper presents the validation and the operational use of a new system – Mimo Enhanced LInear Short SAr (MELISSA), belonging to a new class of GB-InSAR devices. MELISSA is based on a Multiple Input Multiple Output Synthetic Aperture Radar (MIMO SAR) and is capable of acquiring and processing image data at an unprecedented high speed. A configuration of the system acquiring a 0.96 m synthetic aperture and 260 m swath image in 2.6 ms was tested in a controlled environment. The results prove its ability to reach an image refreshing time smaller than 4 ms and Line-Of-Sight (LOS) displacement accuracies better than 10 μm. Thus, MELISSA was able to help with the monitoring of the Costa Concordia ship movements in the immediate aftermath of grounding during both the rescue operations and subsequent wreckage removal. The accurate displacement measurements of specific points of the structure are presented in a global interferogram sequence (2-D displacement maps of the whole structure). The collected data contributed to a precise wreck deformation reconstruction. MELISSA’s ability to update the information almost every second has proven to be extremely reassuring as early warning on potentially catastrophic movements.     

Detecting of Mining-Quarrying Activities in Turkey Using Satellite Imagery and its Correlation with Daytime to Nighttime Ratio Analysis

Satellite remote sensing images play an important role in environmental monitoring for mining industry. There are a number of environmental variables, soil and surface variables, associated with mineral activities, that are to some extent detectable easily with satellite earth observation data. The aim of this paper is to detect the quarrying-mining activities are located in seismically active regions of Turkey using satellite images. Because mining-quarrying blasts have been observed and listed as earthquakes in the seismicity catalogue by seismic networks. The presence of mines-quarries in an active seismic zone can cause errors during the analysis of the distribution of microseismicity and the editing of seismic catalogs. Therefore, this study is a meaningful analysis for seismic networks interested in tectonic researches, because it highlights areas where need to pay careful attention is advisable for identification of mining-quarrying blasts. The new digital database was created using the satellite images of mining and quarrying areas taken from the Google Earth program (http://maps.google.com). In the study, approximately 721 known and illegal mining-quarrying sources have been detected. That were organized in an informational atlas includes information on locations, geographic coordinates and satellite images of the mining-quarrying sources in Turkey which can be distributed as a CD or on the WEB. Kekovali et al. (International Journal of the Physical Sciences 6(15), 3784–3794, 2011) estimated potential mining and quarry areas of Turkey from the Kandilli Observatory Earthquake Research Institute & National Earthquake Monitoring Center (KOERI-NEMC) seismic catalogs using daytime to nighttime ratio analysis (Qm). In this study, the correlation between the estimated satellite locations of the mining and quarrying activities and the areas with Qm?≥?2.0 values taken from the previous study was examinated. The result of the study, the important potential mining-quarrying sources were estimated for Turkey includes: Kütahya, Mu?la, Manisa, Bal?kesir, ?stanbul, ?zmit, Edirne, Bursa, Bilecik, Tekirda?, Ankara, Konya, Eski?ehir, Malatya, Yozgat, K?r?kkale, Malatya, ?anl?urfa, Sinop, Trabzon. Monitoring and controlling mining-quarrying activities through traditional methods is quite difficult due to high costs and lengthy time in obtaining accurate and updated maps. The use of satellite images is an inexpensive and effective tool for mapping large mining-quarrying activity areas that can be also used to supplement data from environmental studies. In the future work, the satellite database can be processed and analyzed in order to produce a proper GIS database that includes important mining-quarrying sources of Turkey.     

遥感图像中建筑物震害信息统计特征研究

讨论了建筑物震害遥感信息的形成机制,从遥感图像灰度特征和纹理特征两方面,提出了反映建筑物震害信息的特征参数。不同类型训练区的统计分析结果表明,灰度平均值、灰度标准差和灰度方差3种特征参数是建筑物震害识别和分级的良好指标,纹理逆差矩和纹理相关性可作为辅助参数.     

大数据量遥感分类图像的动态矢量化算法

针对大数据量遥感图像矢量化时间效率低和空间瓶颈问题,采用顶点提取过程中同时进行图斑矢量化的策略,提出一种适应大数据量遥感图像的动态矢量化算法。首先,统计图像中各图斑的顶点个数,将其作为图斑顶点集合能否构成封闭多边形的判定条件;然后,在顶点提取的过程中发现有能够成封闭多边形的图斑顶点集合,立即将其矢量化并释放其所占内存,图斑矢量化时直接将顶点构建成多边形无需生成中间弧段,并即时形成拓扑关系。实验表明,文中算法能快速高效地完成大数据量遥感图像矢量化,速度是ARCGIS（9.2版本）矢量化算法的3~4倍。     

高分三号卫星全极化SAR影像九寨沟地震滑坡普查

基于光学遥感影像的区域滑坡普查易受云雾天气的影响,存在滑坡体调查不全面的问题,无法满足震后应急调查与恢复重建的需求。本文提出了一种极化SAR卫星数据滑坡普查方法,采用高分三号全极化SAR卫星影像数据,以九寨沟地震震区为实验区,在深入分析滑坡体和其他地物类型散射特征的基础上,融合极化特征、纹理特征和地形特征等多维特征信息,结合高分二号影像获取的训练样本,构建基于BP神经网络的全极化SAR数据滑坡自动识别模型,实现滑坡体的自动快速识别。与高分辨率光学影像与无人机航空影像目视解译结果相比较,总体识别精度为92.8%,Kappa系数为0.715,识别准确度满足地震应急实际应用的需求。研究成果可用于震区大区域滑坡体的普查,为后续开展无人机高分辨率影像滑坡体详查、灾后应急与景区恢复提供辅助信息支撑,并促进国产高分SAR卫星数据在防震减灾中的应用。     

影像Internet服务中金字塔的高效组织

为了提高基于Internet的影像信息服务的速度,提出了相离式金字塔结构,用以组织和管理海量的影像数据;分别讨论了相离式金字塔结构数据和索引两部分的组织问题,并给出了适宜的组织方法。同传统的金字塔结构相比,相离式金字塔结构具有更高的查询响应性能和更好的可扩展性,适于作为影像Internet服务中服务器端的数据组织。     

A GIS‐based multi‐criteria seismic vulnerability assessment using the integration of granular computing rule extraction and artificial neural networks

This study proposes multi‐criteria group decision‐making to address seismic physical vulnerability assessment. Granular computing rule extraction is combined with a feed forward artificial neural network to form a classifier capable of training a neural network on the basis of the rules provided by granular computing. It provides a transparent structure despite the traditional multi‐layer neural networks. It also allows the classifier to be applied on a set of rules for each incoming pattern. Drawbacks of original granular computing (GrC) are covered, where some input patterns remained unclassified. The study was applied to classify seismic vulnerability of the statistical units of the city of Tehran, Iran. Slope, seismic intensity, height and age of the buildings were effective parameters. Experts ranked 150 randomly selected sample statistical units with respect to their degree of seismic physical vulnerability. Inconsistency of the experts' judgments was investigated using the induced ordered weighted averaging (IOWA) operator. Fifty‐five classification rules were extracted on which a neural network was based. An overall accuracy of 88%, κ = 0.85 and R² = 0.89 was achieved. A comparison with previously implemented methodologies proved the proposed method to be the most accurate solution to the seismic physical vulnerability of Tehran.     

基于数据缓存的影像数据库的设计与实现

针对影像数据库中数据获取效率低,对系统配置、网络带宽要求高等问题,提出了基于数据缓存的影像数据库管理方式。从体系结构、数据库存储结构以及数据缓存结构3个方面对该方案进行详细说明。实践证明,该方案能够有效地管理海量影像数据,在不影响影像数据共享的前提下,减少了用户与服务器的交互次数,降低了对网络带宽、计算机性能的要求,提高了数据获取的效率。     

The extraction of roof tops from thermal imagery for analyzing the urban heat island structure

Earlier works have analyzed the urban heat island structure from thermal infra‐red images; however, the analysis was affected by rooftops which added a component of temperature above ground level. To allow the study of ground level data alone, the roof tops of buildings had to be removed from the image. An image processing technique was developed for removing the roof tops from the image. This technique is presented here with the results which are estimated to be between 81 % and 92% accurate.