对连续Hamming方法的改进及其在潜在震源判定中的应用

本文提出了一种模式识别方法——改进的连续Hamming方法(ICHAM)。它从下面两个方面对使用连续资料的Hamming方法进行了改进。 1)考虑到更为一般的样品分布情况,用方差较小的那类样品计算Hamming核; 2)改进了对Hamming核的计算方法,使之处于方差较小的这一类样品的中心。 文中还给出了ICHAM法应用于北京及邻区潜在震源判定的实例。结果表明,其效果比二值Hamming方法及原来未改进的连续Hamming方法都好一些。检验表明结果较为稳定。     

对连续Hamming方法的改进及其在潜在震源判定中的应用a

本文提出了一种模式识别方法————改进的连续Hamming方法(ICHAM)。它从下面两个方面对使用连续资料的Hamming方法进行了改进。 1)考虑到更为一般的样品分布情况,用方差较小的那类样品计算Hamming核; 2)改进了对Hamming核的计算方法,使之处于方差较小的这一类样品的中心。 文中还给出了ICHAM法应用于北京及邻区潜在震源判定的实例。结果表明,其效果比二值Hamming方法及原来未改进的连续Hamming方法都好一些。检验表明结果较为稳定。      

随机有限断层方法的改进和芦山地震动模拟

随着随机有限断层方法被逐步推广至宽频带地震动的震前预测与震后模拟,该方法存在的2类问题凸显:(1)模拟地震动的频率非平稳特性缺失;(2)高低频地震动的模拟精度不一致。文中探索上述问题的改进措施:(1)引入区域地震波传播群速度模型以生成频率非平稳地震动相位;(2)引入王国新改进震源谱代替Brune震源谱以实现高低频地震动辐射水平的调整。将改进后的随机有限断层方法应用于2014年芦山地震(M_w6.7)的强地震动模拟,模拟结果验证了改进措施的有效性:新引入相位使得模拟记录的频率非平稳特性趋近于真实记录;新引入震源谱模型在一定程度上可实现高低频地震动的一致精度模拟。     

利用改进的粒子群算法反演视震源时间函数

视震源时间函数的提取是研究震源参数的重要途径. 本文提出了利用改进的粒子群(PSO)算法反演视震源时间函数的方法, 以水平线方法得到的结果作为PSO算法的初值, 并对PSO算法的惯性因子和学习因子进行改进, 提高计算效率. 采用改进的PSO算法对模拟数据进行了反演计算, 并与映射Landweber反褶积(PLD)方法和遗传算法(GA)进行了对比分析. 结果表明, 相对于PLD方法, 改进的PSO算法反演结果与真实结果误差更小; 相对于遗传算法, 改进的PSO算法计算效率提高了5倍以上. 最后, 利用改进的算法对2005年10月8日巴基斯坦克什米尔M_W7.6地震的P波视震源时间函数进行了提取, 结果表明此次地震P波视震源时间函数在25 s之内, 震源沿西北向破裂. 该结果与张勇等的结果一致.      

结构随机响应的一种改进的概率谱叠加方法

目前有一些关于多自由度结构体系的地震响应中响应峰值按降序(即由大到小的顺序)排列时的峰值统计性质的研究。本文对这些研究中的概率方法提出一些改进。由于这些改进，概率谱叠加方法在实际应用中就变得更准确和实用。本文以五层的结构模型为例，计算其在埃尔森特罗(1940)地震激励下的响应，并与时程分析结果进行比较。结果表明，改进的概率谱叠加方法能够谁确的计算较高几阶重要响应峰值的幅值。     

对SQIP方法数据处理部分的尝试性改进的研究

从地震学定量综合预测方法(SQIP)的预报思路出发,对SQIP方法的具体数据处理作了探索性改进,针对西北地区东部中强震进行综合预测检验.结果表明改进后的方法具有一定地震预测能力和实用性,预测结果符合渐近式的预报思路.     

钢筋混凝土双偏压柱的配筋计算方法研究

钢筋混凝土框架在工程实际中一般为三维空间结构,框架柱在2个主轴方向同时作用弯矩,将其简化为单向偏心受压柱进行设计可能存在不安全。借鉴《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010-2010)给出的双偏压柱正截面承载力计算方法的基本原理,建立了采用迭代法对基于设计内力、配筋面积和中和轴位置建立偏微分方程组进行求解的改进双偏压截面设计方法。基于OpenSees平台建立悬臂柱的非线性有限元模型用于验证双偏压矩形柱的改进截面设计方法。以多个算例的配筋计算结果为例,对比了简化单偏压配筋方法和改进双偏压截面设计方法的差异,并采用非线性有限元模型验证了改进双偏压截面设计方法的准确性和收敛效果。     

利用卡尔曼滤波技术提取地磁规则日变化

地磁规则日变化的有效提取能够提高地磁活动指数现报的准确性.本文基于1998—2013年北京十三陵(BMT)台站的地磁数据,利用卡尔曼滤波(KF)方法提取了地磁场规则日变化(S_R)曲线.该方法提取的S_R曲线具有明显的逐日变化特征,能够准确反映S_R曲线的季节变化和地方时效应.根据KF方法得到的S_R日变幅度逐日变化的结果,改进了K指数的量算方法,重新计算了十三陵台站的K指数以及Ak指数,并分析了S_R日变幅度的逐日变化对K指数量算的改进程度.分析结果表明,当K≤3时,KF方法可以较好地改善S_R曲线扰动幅度的计算,提高了地磁规则日变化提取的有效性,从而改进相应的地磁活动指数的量算.     

低信噪比核磁共振T2谱反演算法研究（英文）

正则化因子的选择方法决定了正则化方法的稳定性和准确度。在分析改进的奇异值分解法与正则化方法的关系的基础上,给出一个正则因子计算公式。数值模拟试验表明改进的奇异值分解法和正则化方法适应低信噪比。当信噪比低于30时正则化方法比奇异值分解法结果更好,当信噪比高于30时奇异值分解法更优。采用本文提出的正则因子的正则化方法可以适用于实际核磁测井的低信噪比(5相似文献   

改进的基础隔震结构地震作用简化计算方法

在《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)关于隔震结构的简化计算方法中,水平向减震系数的表达式和定义有些不符,假定的隔震结构地震作用分布规律也与实际情况略有出入。本文基于水平向减震系数的定义和实际隔震结构的地震作用分布规律提出了一种改进的隔震结构水平向减震系数、隔震结构总地震作用、隔震结构上部地震作用分布的计算方法,并提出了总水平地震作用减震系数的新概念。本文提出的改进方法具有表达准确、物理意义明确的特点。将本文提出的改进算法计算结果与时程分析计算结果比较,结果显示,改进方法的计算结果与时程分析结果接近,且分布规律一致。     

Research on the imaging of concrete defect based on the pulse compression technique

When the synthetic aperture focusing technology (SAFT) is used for the detection of the concrete, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection depth are not satisfactory. Therefore, the application of SAFT is usually limited. In this paper, we propose an improved SAFT technique for the detection of concrete based on the pulse compression technique used in the Radar domain. The proposed method first transmits a linear frequency modulation (LFM) signal, and then compresses the echo signal using the matched filtering method, after which a compressed signal with a narrower main lobe and higher SNR is obtained. With our improved SAFT, the compressed signals are manipulated in the imaging process and the image contrast is improved. Results show that the SNR is improved and the imaging resolution is guaranteed compared with the conventional short-pulse method. From theoretical and experimental results, we show that the proposed method can suppress noise and improve imaging contrast, and can also be used to detect multiple defects in concrete.     

Improved formulations of the CR and KR methods for structural dynamics

Although the Chen-Ricles (CR) method and the Kolay-Ricles (KR) method have been applied to conduct pseudodynamic tests, they have both been found to have some adverse numerical properties, such as conditional stability for stiffness hardening systems and an unusual overshoot in the steady-state response of a high-frequency mode. An improved formulation for each method can be achieved by using a stability amplification factor to boost the unconditional stability range for stiffness hardening systems and a loading correction term to eliminate the unusual overshoot in the steady-state response of a high-frequency mode. The details for developing improved formulations for each method are shown in this work.     

一种改进的线性走时插值射线追踪算法

线性走时插值法（LTI）在走时的计算中,由于射线方向考虑不全,计算得到的节点走时不一定最小,导致追踪的射线路径无法满足最小走时.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种改进的射线追踪算法,通过采用多方向的循环计算,得到所有计算节点的最小走时,使追踪到的射线路径能真正满足最小走时,以确保射线追踪的精度.模拟实验结果表明,在介质速度变化剧烈的结构中,该算法与传统的LTI算法相比,有效地提高了射线追踪的精度.     

改进的伴随状态法初至波走时层析成像方法

目前,有关伴随状态法初至波走时层析成像方法的文献,基本上都是基于面积分来定义目标函数,由此得到的伴随方程也都依赖于地表的法向量.这样,一方面会因为伴随变量计算的不准确而造成梯度的不合理,另一方面也无法合理地处理井中观测问题.本文从理论或数值试验角度指出了这些问题,并提出了不依赖地表法向量的改进的伴随状态法走时层析成像方...     

The limitation of curvature gravity gradient tensor for edge detection and a method for overcoming it

Eigenvalues of the curvature gravity gradient tensor (CGGT) have been utilized to detect and outline edges of geologic bodies. In this paper, we analyzed and discussed the application scope and the limitation of CGGT using a complex synthetic model. We found that the large eigenvalue only can be used to outline edges of positive density bodies, and the small eigenvalue only can be used to delineate edges of negative density bodies. However, in the actual geological situation, the positive and negative density bodies usually coexist simultaneously. Therefore, it has certain limitations to detect edges using this method directly. In view of the limitations of the method, we combined the gravity anomaly with large eigenvalues, and proposed a new improved method for the eigenvalues of CGGT. The improved method can be utilized to outline edges of causative sources in any case. It was tested on synthetic model data and real field data. All of the results have shown that the new improved method is effective for edge detection.     

基于一种改进凸集投影方法的地震数据同时插值和去噪

基于稀疏反演的地震插值方法是一种重要的插值方法,然而大多数这类方法只针对无噪声数据或者高信噪比数据插值.实际上,地震数据含有各种噪声,使得插值问题变得更加困难.凸集投影方法是一种高效的插值算法,但是对于含噪声数据的插值效果不理想,针对含噪声数据提出的加权凸集投影方法能够实现同时插值和去噪,但是除了最小阈值需要认真选取外,增加一个权重因子来实现去噪功能.本文由迭代阈值算法推导出加权凸集投影方法,证明其是解无约束优化问题的一种方法,加权因子可以看作拟合误差项的系数.本文还提出了一种改进的凸集投影方法,与原始凸集投影方法相比该方法不需要增加任何计算量,只要通过阈值的选择来进行插值和去噪.数值模拟证明了该算法的计算效率,并且对含噪声数据能够实现较好的插值效果;先插值后去噪的结果证明了同时去噪和插值算法的可靠性和稳定性.     

A replacement for the srss method in seismic analysis

It is well-known that the application of the Square-Root-of-Sum-of-Squares (SRSS) method in seismic analysis for combining modal maxima can cause significant errors. Nevertheless, this method continues to be used by the profession for significant buildings. The purpose of this note is to present an improved technique to be used in place of the SRSS method in seismic analysis. A Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) method is proposed which reduces errors in modal combination in all examples studied. The CQC method degenerates into the SRSS method for systems with well-spaced natural frequencies. Since the CQC method only involves a small increase in numerical effort, it is recommended that the new approach be used as a replacement for the SRSS method in all response spectrum calculations.     

iSPITM— the improved source parameter imaging method

Interpretation of an anomalous magnetic response involves determining the parameters that characterize the source of the anomaly. The depth to the top of the structure is a parameter that is commonly sought, and the Source Parameter Imaging^TM (SPI^TM) method is one way of determining this depth estimate. One advantage of the SPI method is that the depths can be displayed on an image. Typically there can be one image for an assumed contact (fault) model and another image for an assumed dipping thin sheet (dike) model. The depth estimate obtained will depend on the model assumed. An improvement to the source parameter imaging method extends the method to horizontal cylinders and at the same time allows the most appropriate model to be determined automatically. This model can be displayed on an image and the correct depth estimate for each anomaly can also be determined. The depth estimates can therefore be summarized on one map independent of an assumed model. The images generated from synthetic and field data show that the improved SPI method makes the task of interpreting magnetic data significantly easier.     

Accuracy and improvement of natural frequency prediction using component mode synthesis

This paper is concerned with establishing error bounds on natural frequencies of a discrete structural model using the MacNeal–Rubin Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) method. A method is proposed whereby lower bounds to natural frequencies of a finite element model with compatible elements can be obtained after upper bounds have been calculated with the CMS technique. This method uses the idea that the inertial contribution from the neglected high frequency component modes can be expressed as a function of a residual approximation frequency. Increasing the residual approximation frequency raises the effective inertia added to the system, which in turn decreases the system natural frequencies. The technique is formulated for discrete, undamped systems, and is applied to finite element models of a beam and a container ship. It is also shown that for a particular mode of the system, estimates of the residual approximation frequency can be improved using Newton's method. Thus, a frequency determined with CMS can be steadily improved until it converges to the frequency of the model. Numerical results for the finite element models indicate that convergence is fast, even when the initial error is large.     

基于CLG光学流和波场分解的逆时偏移角度道集提取方法研究

角度域共成像点道集是衔接叠前地震数据与储层特征的重要桥梁,对地震偏移成像与储层描述具有重要意义.与克希霍夫偏移和单向波动方程偏移相比,逆时偏移是复杂地区最精确的成像方法.高效稳健地生成逆时偏移角度道集目前仍然是一个挑战.本文主要讨论如何采用光学流方法高效、高质量地提取角度道集.在逆时偏移波场外推过程中,光学流方法可以估计波场传播方向.其中Lucas-Kanade(LK)和Horn-Schunck(HS)方法是光学流方法中两种典型的方法.LK光学流方法是一种局部方法,该方法依赖于局部点的梯度值,但是容易出现奇异现象,HS光学流方法属于全局方法,波场方向估计依赖于整个波场,易受噪声影响,对异常值比较敏感,导致整体波场方向计算精度不高.本文提出采用局部和整体结合(Combining Local and Global,CLG)的光学流方法估计波场传播方向.该方法可以有效地提高波场方向的精度,并且简单高效,便于并行处理.对比HS光学流方法,CLG光学流方法几乎不增加额外的计算量.另外,为了弱化光学流方法无法处理波前重叠问题,本文利用解析波场和方向滤波对波场进行方向分解,仅需波场的空间傅里叶变换即可实现任意波场方向分解,将分解后的波场分别估计波场反向,提取成像结果.进一步地,在估计反射张角和方位角时,本文提出有效的归一化方法和改进的最小二乘除法,提高角度估计的精度和稳定性.最后,理论和实际资料例证了本文提出方法的有效性.