液液萃取—高效液相色谱法测定水中苯并[a]芘

研究了液液萃取-反相高效液相色谱法分离测定水中苯并[a]芘的方法。采用Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱;流动相为甲醇:水=85∶15;荧光检测器激发波长Ex=266nm,发射波长Em=412nm的条件进行分析。方法检出限为0.001μg/L,加标回收率为94.4%~101%,相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=7)为2.6%。     

重铬酸钾保护氯化钙提取-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中可提取态汞

为了更好地对土壤中可提取态汞进行测定,针对目前常用的氯化钙提取-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中可提取态汞的方法存在测定结果偏低和重现性差的问题,对该方法进行优化。研究采用在氯化钙提取液提取可提取态汞的滤清液中加入适量的重铬酸钾作为保护剂,以保护提取液中的汞不被器壁、溶液胶体吸附,从而解决溶液放置一段时间后测定结果偏低和重现性差的问题,同时考察了测定酸度、硼氢化钾浓度、提取温度、提取液浓度、土液比、提取时间和重铬酸钾的加入量对测定结果的影响,并优选出最佳条件：测定酸度为10%(V/V)的盐酸、硼氢化钾的浓度为10 g/L、提取温度为20℃±2℃、提取液浓度为0.01 mol/L、土液比为1∶10、提取时间为60 min、重铬酸钾的加入体积为2.0 mL。试验结果表明,以本试验推荐的最佳条件测定土壤中的可提取态汞,精密度(RSD,n=7)小于5%,相对误差(RE)小于5%,适用于土壤中可提取态汞的测定。     

阴离子树脂富集-ICP-MS测定地质样品中的痕量铂和钯

本文建立了一种快速测定地质样品中Pt、Pd的方法。试样经过700℃高温焙烧后,采用王水-盐酸处理样品,加入强碱性阴离子交换树脂进行振荡吸附,吸附物灰化后,用王水溶解至尽近后,采用5%HCl浸提,采用Rh作为内标,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定。Pt、Pd的检出限分别为0.2μg·L~(-1)和0.4μg·L~(-1),精密度(RSD,n=12)分别为4.01%,4.19%,加标回收率分别在97.1%103.5%,101.5%103.2%之间,通过对7件国家标准物质(GBW07288GBW07294)进行测定,测定值与标准值基本一致。该方法简单快速、准确度高、精密度良好,测定值与推荐值基本一致。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用检测土壤中的无机硒形态

土壤样品中亚硒酸盐Se(Ⅳ)和硒酸盐Se(Ⅵ)的形态分析中,提取剂的选择和检测方法是技术的关键。以往的提取剂容易导致硒形态发生转变或无法同时提取Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ),常用的氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法无法直接测定Se(Ⅵ),而是通过差减法得出Se(Ⅵ)含量。本文对比了不同提取剂的提取能力,确定使用0. 1 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液作为提取剂,在55℃超声萃取土壤样品30 min,提取液经高效液相色谱分离,电感耦合等离子体质谱检测,建立了土壤中Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的形态分析方法。采用Hamilton PRP X-100色谱柱,以6 mmol/L柠檬酸为流动相,pH=5. 5,在8 min内可完全分离Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ),两者的检出限分别为0. 15μg/L、0. 16μg/L,线性相关系数(r~2)均大于0. 999。以土壤为基体进行加标回收试验,Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)的回收率在84. 2%～95. 8%之间,相对标准偏差为1. 4%～5. 3%(n=6)。该方法简单快速,具有良好的精密度和准确度,适用于土壤中无机硒的形态分析。     

2-（2-喹啉偶氮）-1，3-二羟基苯固相萃取光度法测定水中铀

研究了2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,3-二羟基苯(QADHB)与铀的显色反应,在TritonX-100和F-存在下,pH7.8的三乙醇胺-HCl缓冲介质中,QADHB与U(Ⅵ)、F-反应生成1∶1∶1紫色三元稳定配合物,配合物的λmax=560nm,ε=7.41×104L·mol-1·cm-1。铀含量在0～2000μg/L内符合比尔定律。环境水样中的铀经磷酸三丁脂萃淋树脂固相萃取柱分离和富集后测定。方法已用于实际样品的测定,分析结果与国标(5-Br-PADAP)法一致,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.4%～4.7%,回收率为96%～105%。     

5A分子筛吸附混合溶剂洗脱-气相色谱-同位素质谱分析土壤中正构烷烃单体碳同位素

利用5A分子筛吸附,环己烷-正戊烷混合溶剂洗脱分离富集正构烷烃,用气相色谱法测定正构烷烃含量,气相色谱-气体同位素质谱(GC-C-IRMS)测定土壤样品中正构烷烃单体碳同位素。实验优化了5A分子筛用量和洗脱剂的比例,需要络合的正构烷烃的量与分子筛加入量呈线性关系,络合x mg的正构烷烃,需加入2.75x g分子筛,络合环己烷-正戊烷最佳比例为9∶91。探讨了络合过程中5A分子筛对不同链长正构烷烃的络合规律,短链正构烷烃被5A分子筛优先吸附,长链正构烷烃的络合相对滞后。正构烷烃的络合洗脱回收率为44%～72%,精密度(RSD,n=6)为4%～8%;正构烷烃单体碳同位素分析精度为0.04‰～0.38‰(1σ)。采用5A分子筛净化混合溶剂洗脱方法,分析加油站附近的实际土壤样品,未分峰基本消除,获得良好的净化效果,满足正构烷烃单体碳同位素分析的要求。     

气相色谱法测定煤层瓦斯中低浓度氢气和氦气

利用HP 5890气相色谱仪热导检测器小热导池高灵敏度及大进样量的特点,建立了煤层中低浓度He、H2的气相色谱测定方法,并可同时测定常量CH4。对气相色谱工作条件进行了优化,确定的最佳工作条件是:13X分子筛填充柱,热导检测器(TCD),载气流速为35~42mL/m in,色谱柱温度50℃,汽化室温度50℃,检测室温度100℃,3 mL定量环。He、H2的线性工作范围分别为0.95~19μL/L和2.4~48μL/L,RSD(n=8)分别为1.60%和4.54%,方法的检出限为0.5μL/L。实验了铝箔气袋、橡胶气球和盐水瓶不同包装的样品进样方式及测定情况,结果表明铝箔气袋是最佳选择,盐水瓶次之,橡胶气球对气体有一定的吸附作用。     

气相色谱-质谱法同时测定河流沉积物中多环芳烃和有机氯农药

建立了用加速溶剂萃取,气相色谱-质谱法同时测定河流沉积物中16种多环芳烃和19种有机氯农药的分析方法,优化了萃取溶剂、萃取温度和时间、凝胶渗透色谱收集时间、固相萃取洗脱溶剂和洗脱体积等条件。16种多环芳烃的方法检出限在0.15~0.59 ng/g,加标回收率为82%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.1%~4.5%。19种有机氯农药的方法检出限在0.14~2.23 ng/g,加标回收率为71%~108%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.0%~4.5%。实际样品的测定结果表明,该方法分离效果较好,能够满足沉积物样品中多环芳烃和有机氯农药的分析要求。     

连续自动再生化学抑制-离子色谱法测定石膏及其制品中的氟和氯

测定石膏及其制品中的氟化物和氯化物,传统分析方法过程复杂,分析速度慢,准确度及灵敏度低。本文采用超声提取技术提取样品中的氟和氯,以Na2CO3-Na HCO3作为淋洗液,色谱柱分离后通过抑制器降低背景电导,用电导检测器进行检测。通过优化样品前处理和离子色谱分离条件,在测定范围内氟和氯的含量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(相关系数0.9998),方法检测限为0.15 ng/m L(氟)和0.28 ng/m L(氯),加标回收率为95.0%~99.7%,精密度(RSD)均小于5%(n=8)。本方法采用超声提取技术,无需净化处理即可直接分析,半小时内完成前处理,且避免了目标分析物的损失。与离子选择电极法相比,检测限由μg/m L提升至ng/m L级别。     

复方化学消毒剂中苯扎氯铵的高效液相色谱测定

建立了一种测定复方化学消毒剂中苯扎氯铵成分十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的反相离子对高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Platisil ODS(5μm,250 mm×4.6mm),流动相为甲醇-0.2 mol/L己烷磺酸钠(含1%三乙胺,V/V,用高氯酸调节至pH=6.0,体积比85∶15),紫外220 nm检测。用己烷磺酸钠作为离子对试剂,增强了苯扎氯铵成分的保留,三乙胺作为扫尾剂,通过抑制固定相表面残存的硅羟基对苯扎氯铵成分的吸附,减少了色谱峰拖尾。3种苯扎氯铵成分分离良好,标准曲线的线性范围分别为0.002～5 mg/mL、0.005～10 mg/mL和0.005～10 mg/mL,检测限分别为0.0005 mg/mL、0.001mg/mL和0.001 mg/mL。方法具有良好的准确度和精密度,在测定低浓度样品时优势明显。实际用于测定苯扎氯铵消毒液和医用消毒纸巾中3种苯扎氯铵成分的含量,回收率为99.3%～104.1%,日内和日间测定相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2.0%。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861