2003年2月24日新疆巴楚-伽师6.8级地震

2003年2月24日10日03分，新疆伽师县境内发生6．8级地震，极震区烈度Ⅸ度，对邻近的巴楚县琼库尔恰克等乡镇造成严重毁坏和伤亡。地震造成灾害损失近14亿人民币。文章对此次地震的基本参数、震源机制、地震序列、震害损失评估及地震应急工作等作了概述。     

中国地震局成立中国地震应急搜救中心

中国地震应急搜救中心于2004年10月28日在北京正式挂牌成立。这标志着中国地震应急救援体系进一步得到健全,并走向规范化。中国地震应急搜救中心将致力于整合中国地震现场工作资源,努力建设具有国际先进水平的国家级地震应急搜救基地和技术中心,     

永安地震台两次地震应急工作的思考

本文从永安地震台现状、观测手段布设、科普宣传工作和应急经验体会等方面就2018年明溪3.9级地震与2018年11月26日台湾海峡6.2级地震震后应急工作进行思考。为台站工作者提供应对突发事件时应该采取的具体工作流程和应对措施,具有一定的实践意义,对其他台站具有一定参考作用。     

山西洪洞ML5.0地震应急反应时间序列与启示

以第一手资料按时间顺序记载了2003年11月25日山西省洪洞ML5.0地震发生后,各级地震工作部门对地震应急反应所作出的决定和采取的措施,总结了这次地震应急工作的经验和教训,认为要搞好地震应急工作需要全社会的通力协作方能奏效.     

云南省地震局地震应急通信系统在2007年宁洱6.4级地震中的应用及发展

介绍了云南省地震局地震应急通信系统的主要架构,各分系统的主要特点和使用,及其在各种地震环境中的实际应用和工作模式。对2007年6月3日宁洱6.4级地震现场应急工作中的应急通信工作模式进行了详细描述。随着项目建设的发展和新技术、新思路的应用,对将来地震现场应急通信工作模式的发展趋势进行了探索性思考。     

应对汶川特大地震波及乐山事件的做法及思考

2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震是有史以来对乐山市波及范围最广、人员伤亡最多、经济损失最大、社会影响最强烈的地震。本文回顾了近几年乐山市在地震应急准备方面所做的工作和汶川特大地震波及乐山后的应急工作,认为坚持不懈地抓好地震应急准备是做好大地震之后应急工作的重要前提,及时有效地开展应急工作是防震减灾部门的重要职责,震后恢复重建中防震减灾部门可以发挥重要作用。     

山西洪洞县ML5.0地震波及区的应急反应

2003年11月25日山西省临汾市洪洞县甘亭镇发生ML5.0地震，此次地震波及面广，对这次地震波及区——运城市地震局的地震应急工作进行了回顾，认为在平时工作中扎实地做好应急预案的演练工作是十分重要的。     

云南地震应急视频会议组网模式研究

本文在分析国内地震系统应急视频会议建设、组网和应用的基础上，根据云南地震应急视频会议部署现状，提出日常、演练和应急3种视频会议组网模式，并在2018年8月13日、14日2次通海5.0级地震和2018年9月8日墨江5.9级地震应急视频会议组网中进行检验，检验结果表明，该系统符合云南省实际情况。     

厦门市地震应急工作讨论——以应对台湾花莲海域6.7级地震为例

介绍了2009年12月19日台湾花莲海域发生6.7级地震基本情况及厦门市地震局应急处理过程。并讨论了如何完善应急对策。对厦门市今后的地震应急工作有一定的指导意义。     

大同—阳高5.8级地震震区各级政府和地震部门反应快速有效

1991年3月26日凌晨2时,山西大同-阳高突然发生5.8级地震,这是1989年10月19日6.1级地震之后1年零5个月,破坏性地震又一次袭击雁北地区。老震区重建家园的工作正在进行,这次地震再次造成一定程度的破坏,对遭受震害的震区人民来说犹如雪上加霜。但经受了1989年地震考验的雁北地区的各级政府和地震部门,处惊不乱,镇定自若地按应急预案实施震情监视和抗震救灾工作,对突发性地震事件的应急反应,快速而有效。     

Changes in sediment transport in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China

In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January.     

TritiogenicHe in groundwater in Takaoka

³He/⁴He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The³He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic³He produced by in-situ beta-decay of³H. This shows that tritiogenic³He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic³He and³H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic³He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the³H counting method.     

Variations in trace gas concentrations in different environments in India

Observations of trace gases (SO₂, NH₃, NO₂ and O₃) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH₃ was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO₂ and O₃ at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO₂ were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO₂, NH₃ and NO₂ showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world.     

Projected changes in flood indices in selected catchments in Poland in the 21st century

The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate.     

Copper in natural waters in Transbaikalia

Cu concentrations in surface (river and lake) and subsurface waters are determined. The geographic pattern of Cu distribution in natural water is identified. This pattern is controlled by the difference between its concentrations in drained rocks and soils and the geochemical redox conditions of its migration. Territories with low, medium, and elevated Cu concentrations in natural waters are identified. The concentrations of Cu in natural waters of the region are found to be generally lower than the Clarke values.     

Changes in thermal extremes in Poland

Changes in thermal extremes of the climate of Poland in 1951–2010 are examined. Warm extremes have become more frequent, while cold extremes have become less frequent. In the warming climate of Poland, the increase in the number of extremely warm days in a year and the decrease in the number of extremely cold days in a year have been observed. Also the increase of the maximum number of consecutive hot days in a year and the decrease of the maximum number of consecutive very cold and extremely cold days in a year have been observed. However, the trends are not of ubiquitous statistic significance, as the natural variability is strong.     

Hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period

Abstract

The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly.