响应曲面法和人工神经网络模型对电催化氧化磺胺甲恶唑条件的优化

为获得电催化氧化磺胺甲恶唑的最佳实验条件,通过中心组合设计(CCD)设计实验,建立响应曲面(RSM)和人工神经网络(ANN)两种模型,并评价了两种模型的准确性和预测能力。在此基础上分别通过响应曲面法和遗传算法对所得模型进行优化。结果表明:RSM和ANN的均方误差(MSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)和决定系数(R^2)分别为2.62、1.13、0.976和0.59、0.62、0.994,说明ANN模型比RSM模型具有更高拟合度、精度和预测能力。响应曲面法和遗传算法的优化结果与实验所得结果的相对误差分别为1.48%和0.74%,说明遗传算法具有更强的优化能力。本研究结果可为优化电催化氧化抗生素废水的条件提供参考。     

RSM方法用于产红色素发酵培养基优化

用RSM方法对黄杆菌属产红色素菌株S-9801(Flavobacterium sp.)的培养基进行了优化.首先用部分重复因子实验对培养基组分蛋白胨、酵母粉、葡萄糖及NaCl浓度对菌株产红色素的影响进行评价,找出主要影响因子为葡萄糖和NaCl浓度.两者均为正影响,其他组分对色素含量的影响不显著.第二步用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域.最后用中心组合设计及响应面分析确定主要影响因子的最佳浓度.菌株在优化培养基中培养较初始培养基色素含量提高320%.     

正压浅海湍流运动的雷诺应力封闭模型

根据湍流封闭理论,建立一种适用于正压浅海湍流运动的雷诺应力封闭模型(RSM),以代替目前三维浅海动力学模型中普遍采用的湍粘性系数的传统假设。通过直接建立并模化f—平面上正压海洋的雷诺应力传输方程,分别得到的微分形式和代数形式的RSM方程组。并讨论了进行数值计算所需要的边界条件。利用该模型可以进一步研究浅海潮流、风暴潮流及风海流等浅海流动的三维结构和湍流特性。     

关于我国区域海洋管理现状及发展对策的思考

区域海洋管理作为一种跨行政区域的海洋资源和环境管理的新模式,通过合作与协商的方式对一个区域内的海洋事务进行管理,逐渐进入人们的视野并得到认可。从区域海洋管理的提出和概念出发,通过对我国区域海洋管理实施现状和存在问题的思考,提出完善我国区域海洋管理的实施对策,以期对今后区域海洋管理的发展能起到一定的启示作用。     

试论区域海洋生态系统管理是海洋综合管理的新发展

区域海洋管理是对一定海洋地理空间范围内具有重要意义的区域系统进行的自觉干预和内外协调的活动。文章讨论海洋区域、区域海洋管理的概念、管理区域划分、区域海洋基本思想和管理方式等,试论区域海洋生态系统管理是海洋综合管理的新发展,认为区域海洋管理必须以生态系统管理为核心,以社会-经济-自然复合生态系统为管理对象,才能使区域海洋社会经济能够在可持续的生态系统支持下发展。     

区域建设用海规划开展战略环境评价的必要性探析

战略环境评价(SEA)是一项在高层管理层次上贯彻实施可持续发展的环境管理措施,传统的海洋工程项目环境影响评价(EIA)的缺陷及可持续发展的要求是产生战略环评的根本原因。文章分析了区域建设用海规划的特点与战略环评的特征,对区域建设用海规划开展战略环评进行了必要性探讨。     

区域海洋综合管理中地方政府间关系模式构建的思考

随着全球海洋开发活动的深入发展,海洋事务面临着新形势的挑战.区域海洋管理理论应运而生,为我们科学有效地管理海洋提供了新的指导方向.区域海洋管理面对跨行政边界的现实,这使得区域地方政府间的关系的协调至关重要.然而,在地方政府间关系的实际运行中存在着诸多亟须解决的问题,严重制约区域海洋管理的实施效果.文章在对这些存在的问题及其原因进行分析的基础上,提出了完善政府间关系的几点构想.     

我国海岸带面临的威胁、管理实践与“十三五”科技支撑工作重点——以青岛市、东营市和连云港市为例

海岸带是海洋和陆地的交汇地带,是人类最为密集、开发活动最为频繁、经济最为发达的区域,也是资源环境矛盾最为突出的区域。由于海洋灾害频发、人类开发活动剧烈,海岸带区域正面临着严峻的威胁,需要采取一系列的调控措施,以加强海岸带区域的保护与管理,实现海岸带可持续发展。本文概述了我国海岸带区域承受的压力和面临的威胁,以青岛市、东营市、连云港市海岸带为例,介绍了海岸带综合管理采取的有关实践,据此提出了"十三五"期间我国海岸带综合管理的科技支撑工作重点。     

基于SPOT影像与Fragstats软件的区域景观指数提取与分析

景观指数是衡量区域景观质量的重要参数,也是进行区域生态规划、管理和恢复的重要信息依据。针对传统已有的矢量地图信息源及Excel、SPSS软件在景观指数计算中存在的不足和不便之处,研究了在ENVI4．2下,基于高分辨率SPOT-5遥感影像的自动景观分类及Fragstats3．3软件支持下的景观指数自动提取的计算方法,以屈原农场为例进行了实验研究,制作了景观现状图和计算部分景观指数。实验表明：该方法对景观质量的评价信息获取效率高、时效性强,通过快速分析与评价手段,可以大大地促进区域进行规划、管理和恢复的科学性和可操作性。     

浙江省入海河流概况和河海区域管理及河海划界相关问题的建议

简要介绍了浙江省钱塘江(含曹娥江)、甬江等5条主要入海河流的基本情况与河口整治和开发利用的情况以及河口区域管理的主要相关法规和机构.由于海洋管理客体的特殊性,河口区域海洋管理中的涉海主体矛盾不断增多,指出并分析了河口管理中存在的3个方面的具体问题以及解决河口区域管理中存在问题的若干思考.当前河口区域管理的不甚协调局面是由于历史短暂的海洋专门管理与传统大陆型管理存在脱节造成的.目前,政府对河口区域的管理正处于由传统向现代的转型期,要解决这个问题,一是理顺依据不一问题,二是做好各部门管理工作的衔接.各行政主管部门应依据有关法律法规的要求,既不能缺位,也不能越位,建立以协调为核心的科学化管理机制已成为当今迫切需要解决的问题.在河口区域中相对有效地解决河海划界的问题,本质上就是解决该区域的陆海分界问题,选择海岸线作为标准较为恰当.当前在河海划界问题上存在诸多误区,科学认识河海划界,正确把握海陆分界的实质,才能把河海划界的研究及其成果最大限度地应用到维护国家权益上,同时从法制型政府建设的角度,站在当地经济社会谋求更大发展空间的全局高度,在法律的框架内更为理性地分析和处理河海划界中出现的各种矛盾和问题,在这一过程中,建立健全陆地与海洋管理的协调机制是十分必要的.     

A coastal management program for channels located in backbarrier systems

Management of the interactions between social/economic interests and the coastal environment requires practical, interdisciplinary assessment techniques. Backbarrier systems are critical natural resources that provide both economic and social benefits. Activities such as aquaculture, fishing, shipping and port activities, sediment mining, salt extraction, and tourism all take place in these ecosystems but are often not compatible with each other. Therefore, a program to manage such a system must congregate many different types of activities and stakeholders with potentially conflicting interests. In this paper, we develop a proposed coastal management program (CMP), based on the driving-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework and the integrated coastal management (ICM) cycle, for the management of channels located in backbarrier systems subject to dredging operations. The conceptual model involves the application of regional sediment management (RSM) actions and is applied to a case study, Faro Channel, located in the Ria Formosa backbarrier system in Algarve, Portugal. The CMP provides results on the interactivity between scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers, by defining and clarifying the economic and environmental aspects of decision-making processes through the utilisation and measurement of local coastal indicators. The proposed CMP proved to be a useful tool in the definition of coastal management initiatives for channels inside backbarrier systems, since it identified management problems and allowed management solutions to be formulated. The CMP could be used within a broader ICM program but would also be effective when used on its own.     

渤海海峡悬浮体分布、通量及其季节变化

渤海海峡是渤黄海物质交换的重要通道,同时也是黄河入海泥沙向黄海搬运的必经路径。本文以2006—2009年渤海海峡8个站位四个季节的悬浮体、CTD数据为基础,将标准层悬浮体浓度数据与浊度数据对比获得高垂直分辨率的悬浮体浓度数据,分析其季节变化特征,并结合日均风场驱动的高精度数值模型模拟的渤海海峡流场,计算了四个季节渤海海峡悬浮体通量。结果表明,北黄海冷水团的入侵和退缩是渤海海峡温盐及其季节变化的重要特征之一,四季节流场特征均为"北进南出";渤海海峡中上层悬浮体浓度分布为海峡南部浓度高、北部浓度低,夏季海峡北部下层北黄海冷水团控制海域悬浮体浓度高于周围水体。春季、夏季、秋季、冬季悬浮体浓度依次增高。观测期间渤海海峡悬浮体的年净通量约为251.63万吨,其中输往黄海方向的悬浮体通量约占黄河年平均输沙量的4.27%。     

南渡江三角洲海岸泥沙纵向运移与岸滩演变的响应

南渡三角洲沿岸在盛行ＮＮＥ向波浪等动力条件的作用下,泥沙产生纵向运移,岸滩遭受侵蚀或堆积,岸滩演变剧烈。本文利用基于网格的波注折射绕射模型,分析南渡江三角洲海岸波浪动力过程、破波带波能与辐射应力分布及其引起的沿岸泥沙纵向运称。浴海岸动力学地貌的角度,通过三角洲沿岸波浪动力特征、泥沙运动的分析,探讨沙质岸滩的动态与地貌演变。     

旌式泥沙捕获器的研制和施测

介绍了旌式泥沙捕获器的研制，以及该仪器在破波带泥沙垂直分布、破波带泥沙搬运机制和海岸带泥沙输运速率和通量研究中的应用；详细描述了旌式泥沙捕获器在破波带泥沙观测中的安装和施测要点。     

An overview of sedimentation on the amazon continental shelf

Sedimentological, geochemical, and physical-oceanographic studies of the Brazilian continental shelf near the Amazon River help provide a broad understanding of this major sediment dispersal system. Amazon River sediment accumulates as a subaqueous delta, with the most rapid accumulation (10 cm/yr) occurring near the seaward edge of the topset beds and in the foreset beds. Amazon River sediment is dispersed northwestward along the shelf and is transported beyond the Brazilian border. Radiographic studies of sediment cores delineate three sedimentary environments: interbedded mud and sand, faintly laminated mud, and bioturbated mud. The distribution of these environments is a function of proximity to the river mouth and of sediment accumulation rate.     

The importance of missing strain in Deep Water Fold and Thrust Belts

Deep water fold and thrust belts (DWFTBs) are sedimentary wedges that accommodate plate-scale deformation on both active and passive continental margins. Internally, these wedges consist of individual structures that strongly influence sediment dispersal, bathymetry and fluid migration. Most DWFTB studies investigate basin- and intra-wedge- scale processes using seismic reflection profiles, yet are inherently limited by seismic resolution. Of critical importance is strain distribution and its accommodation on discrete faults compared to distributed deformation. Recent studies have considered strain distribution by investigating regional reflection DWFTBs profiles within coupled systems, which contain down-dip compression and up-dip extension. There is broad agreement of a mis-balance in compression versus extension, with ∼5% excess in the latter associated with horizontal compaction, yet this remains unproven.Using two exceptionally well exposed outcrops in the Spanish Pyrenees we consider deformation of DWFTB at a scale comparable to, and beyond, seismic resolution for the first time. By coupling outcrop observations (decametre to hectometre scale) with a re-evaluation of seismic profiles from the Orange Basin, South Africa, which contains one of the best imaged DWFTBs globally, we provide a unique insight into the deformation from metre to margin scale. Our observations reveal hitherto unrecognised second order structures that account for the majority of the previously recognised missing strain. This re-evaluation implies that ∼5% missing strain should be accounted for in all DWFTBs, therefore existing studies using restorations of the sediment wedge will have underestimated crustal shortening in active margins, or sedimentary shortening in gravity driven systems by this amount. In contrast to previous studies, our observations imply that the majority of this strain is accommodated on discrete fault surfaces and this can explain the occurrence and location of a range of intra-wedge processes that are intimately linked to structures including sediment dispersal, fluid migration pathways and reservoir compartmentalisation.     

Sonar acoustic facies and sediment distribution on an area of the deep ocean floor

Long-range sidescan sonar can be used to map sediment distributions over wide expanses of deep ocean floor. Seven acoustic facies that arise from differing sediment or rock types have been mapped over the low-relief Saharan continental rise and Madeira abyssal plain. These have been calibrated with sampling, profiling and camera studies and the facies can be traced confidently on a regional scale using the sidescan data. The mapping of the sediment distribution shows that a complex interplay of turbidity current and debris flow processes can occur at a continental rise/abysaal plain transition over 1000 km from the nearest continental slope.     

Geochemical and stratigraphic indicators of late Holocene coastal evolution in the Gythio area, southern Peloponnese, Greece

The study of past changes in sea level, and of historical and pre-historical coastal evolution, using coastal sediment stratigraphies is well-established over a range of geographic areas, in both seismic and aseismic settings. In the eastern Mediterranean, however, such studies are less common, and, notably, the use of sediment geochemistry, and its combination with lithostratigraphic studies to analyze palaeoenvironmental and palaeo-sea-level change, has not been explored to any significant extent, despite the fact that geochemical data have been successfully used elsewhere to aid in the identification of sea-level changes. Here, we use a combined geochemical, stratigraphic and microfossil approach to reconstruct late Holocene coastal evolution and sea-level change at two sites near Gythio in the southern Peloponnese, Greece. The sites show stratigraphic and geochemical evidence of the presence in Late Helladic times (ca. 1500 BC) of barrier-protected coastal lagoonal/wetland environments, which have gradually infilled over the last ca. 3500 yr. Archaeological remains and ceramic and charcoal-bearing horizons within the sediment sequences indicate Late Roman occupation of the area, although there is no sedimentary evidence of significant pre-Roman activity at the study sites. An apparent brackish wetland peat deposit at − 3.4 m (overlain by anoxic lagoonal clays) at Kamares (Kato Vathi) Bay shows a calibrated radiocarbon age of 1640–1440 BC, suggesting a relative sea-level rise of 0.8–1 mm/yr in this area over the past 3500 yr, in good agreement with previous archaeological and sea-level modelling studies. There is no evidence, based on the stratigraphic, microfossil or geochemical record, of sudden marine flooding events related to local or regional seismic activity, despite the presence of the area in a seismically active zone known to be subject to periodic earthquakes and tsunami. The data highlight the utility of combining geochemical and stratigraphic studies in the reconstruction of coastal evolution and the study of palaeo-sea-level changes, particularly in sequences (such as those described here) where microfossils are poorly preserved.     

Geochemistry and particle size of surface sediments of Gulf of Manfredonia (Southern Adriatic sea)

In this study we describe mechanisms influencing the spatial distribution of the surface sediments in the Gulf of Manfredonia. Seventy-three samples were collected on a regional grid and analyzed for grain-size, major and trace elements and organic matter content. Sediments contain marine-derived carbonate as well as terrigenous fractions indicating highly heterogeneous sediment composition dictated by different provenance and complex transport processes. Principal Component Analysis provides information about processes involved in the formation and dispersal of the sediments. The regional sediment distribution is function of the Gulf's morphology and sedimentary inputs from fluvial sources, mainly from the Ofanto River, and from the North and Central Adriatic basin. Biogenic carbonate reefs, identified in two restricted coastal areas add complexity to sediment shelf dispersal. The North-Adriatic current flowing southward transports and deposits sediments from the Northern basin in the offshore area of the Gulf while an inner anticyclonic current distributes and mixes northern and fluvial sediment with a clockwise pattern. In order to better assess the fluvial contribution also bedload samples from the main river debouching into the Gulf were sampled, enabling the identification of geochemical indexes to distinguish the role of both fluvial inputs and hydrodynamic processes affecting solid particles dispersion within the Gulf. This study provides a contribution to a qualitative estimate of the sediment supply entailed in the Southwestern Adriatic basin.     

About ocean lithodynamics

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