基于水池试验的毛发缆减阻性能研究

为了研究毛发长度和毛发密度对毛发缆减阻性能的影响,设计并进行了水池试验。通过研究6种不同毛发长度、不同毛发密度拖缆的阻力系数随航速的变化,找到减阻效果最优的缆型,得到最佳缆型的减阻率。结果显示：在相同的迎流角下,圆缆的阻力系数在1~1.1左右,毛发缆的阻力系数随速度变化不明显;在毛发长度为9~11倍拖缆直径、毛发密度为60根/m时,毛发缆的减阻效果最优,减阻率可达20%。验证了毛发缆具有很好的减阻性能,为大深度拖曳系统的缆型设计提供了参考依据。     

带前缘结节叶片导管桨尾流不稳定性分析

导管桨的尾流不稳定性在其性能评价中非常重要,不但是其能否提供稳定推力的保证,而且也与螺旋桨的尾流噪声直接相关。为了改善导管桨的尾流,提高尾流稳定性,并优化导管桨的流场脉动,根据座头鲸鳍肢前缘结节的仿生原理,对导管桨叶片的导边进行改进,提出了两种仿生桨型,采用IDDES湍流模型对低进速系数下常规导管桨和仿生叶片导管桨进行数值模拟,探究叶片构型对导管桨性能和尾流不稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,前缘结节可以有效降低叶片受力波动的幅值和叶片所受合力的主频域峰值,具有较大结节的叶片对导管桨尾流有明显的优化作用,在尾流远场中扩大了流动稳定区,延后了尾流处涡破碎的发生,改善了能量谱密度的频域分布。进一步,大前缘结节叶片导管桨应用在低速工况下时,可以大量减少尾流泄涡区域的二次涡产生,这是由于前缘结节提升了相邻涡互感的强度,使得尾流更加稳定,而小结节叶片仿生桨型对导管桨尾流则无明显优化作用。研究方法和成果可为螺旋桨尤其是导管桨尾流不稳定性研究提供参考,不仅验证了前缘结节在导管桨叶片应用的合理性,而且揭示了其优化尾流稳定性的机理。     

20马力玻璃钢渔船的总体设计

作者为开发新型渔船并改善其性能和节约木材,设计了20马力玻璃钢渔船。船体总长Loa=13.65米,船宽B=3.40米,型深D=1.15米,平均吃水T_m=0.82米,航速V=6.5节,满载排水量为17.19吨,自持力为10天。全船采用玻璃钢材料,并设计成折角线形横剖面、延伸甲板和收缩形舭龙骨。本船稳性满足规范要求。横摇性能及适航性能良好。     

优化操纵渔船主机降低NOx排放的试验研究

通过对东京水产大学研究练习船“神鹰丸”的航速、主机转速、功率及排放废气的测定，得出在各种常用工况下NOx的排放率曲线、等船速曲线和燃油消耗率曲线。分析比较确定NOx的排出率较低，燃油消耗率又不超过规定标准的工况点，从而达到主机优化操纵的目的。结果表明，在自由航行工况下船舶航速为4、8、12、13kn时，主机转速应设定在750r/min；航速为10kn时，应设定在875r/min。拖网及延绳钓作业工况下主机转速应设定在875r/min。     

自由吸气螺旋桨导管防蚀装置的试验研究

近几十年来,导管螺旋桨的试验研究取得了巨大的进展。因它显著提高了重负荷桨的推进效率,故在拖船、拖网渔船以及大功率的超大型油船上得到了广泛的应用。从节省能源角度出发,人们对导管桨的应用也更加重视。但在实际使用中,由于导管内壁的严重空泡侵蚀,造成钢板穿孔漏水,大大降低推进效率,为此必须进行修补或更新,这     

艏艉线型优化对船舶阻力性能的影响

为提高母型船阻力性能,以船体阻力性能为优化对象,基于改造母型船法,研究船舶球鼻艏以及船尾线型的改变对船舶阻力性能的影响.采用高度集成化的Tribon系统、可视化绘图软件Auto CAD及CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)通用前处理软件ICEM联合建模的方法来建立船体模型.通过模拟计算结果与实验值的对比分析,验证CFD技术在船舶阻力性能预报中的合理性和有效性.通过对比3种不同球鼻艏时的船体阻力得知:从阻力性能方面考虑,对于低速丰满型船舶选用普通型球鼻艏以及中高速船舶采用上翘型球鼻艏均可以获取较好地减阻效果.同时比较不同航速下尾部线型对船体总阻力的影响表明,选优后的方形尾在相同的航速下阻力低、消耗的功率小、形状效应小、黏压阻力和摩擦阻力也相对较小.     

不同设计参数下对转桨水动力性能研究

由于前后桨的相互干扰,对转桨的推力和扭矩呈现非常明显的非定常特点。一些主要的设计参数,如前后桨叶数比、推力比以及桨盘面间距对对转桨的水动力性能皆有一定的影响。分别对它们进行系统的研究有助于减弱对转桨的不利干扰,最大程度地回收周向动能。本文采用CFD方法首先分析了叶数比的影响,推力和扭矩的预报结果与试验值吻合良好,结果显示,叶数比为4∶5的对转桨拥有较好的稳定性。另外,对转桨的效率比等效单桨高8.73%~10.2%左右。最后研究了前后桨不同间距和不同推力比的影响,结果显示,增加前后桨的间距可以有效减小前后桨的不利干扰,但是在一定间距内或者推力比在1附近,对转桨水动力均值变化影响不大。     

极地船舶冰区航行中冰激结构疲劳的累积损伤分析

极地船舶在冰区航行中经常与各种类型的海冰发生不同程度的碰撞,充足的疲劳强度储备至关重要。本文提出了基于实测冰载荷的极地船舶结构冰激疲劳的累积损伤分析方法。以“雪龙”号极地考察船为研究对象,通过对我国第8次北极科学考察中的冰厚和航速等现场测量数据进行统计分析,在冰厚0.5～2.5 m、航速2～12 kn范围内构造冰激疲劳工况,并将二者的联合概率分布作为疲劳工况的发生概率;基于支持向量机方法反演识别出典型工况下的冰载荷时程,通过动力学分析确定关键位置及相应的热点应力,并采用雨流计数法统计应力循环次数;最后通过S-N曲线和Miner线性累积损伤理论进一步计算该航次内的疲劳损伤度,验证了“雪龙”号在冰区航行的安全性。本文对极地船舶结构的抗冰设计和安全评估具有一定的参考意义。     

自由吸气螺旋桨导管防蚀装置的试验研究

一、引言 近几十年来,导管螺旋桨的试验研究取得了巨大的进展。因它显著提高了重负荷浆的推进效率,故在拖船、拖网渔船以及大功率的超大型油船上得到了广泛的应用。从节省能源角度出发,人们对导管桨的应用也更加重视。但在实际使用中,由于导管内壁的     

可调桨使用与故障处理

自第一台可调桨问世以来,由于技术上还不够成熟,其应用也不广泛。后来可调桨随着机械制造、液压技术、电子技术的发展,尤其是遥控技术的应用而日趋完善,由于其灵活机动性好,在一些领域得到广泛的应用。向阳红09船作为国内最早的科学考察船之一,于1983年最先应用了从瑞典引进的卡梅瓦(KAMEWA)可调桨,型号为79KS/4,为四叶桨,直径3130mm,设计的功率为6615Kw,对应的转速为200rpm。可调桨的桨叶与桨毂中支持桨叶的承座相连接,通过桨毂中的旋转机构操纵桨叶旋转,旋转机构的动力则由液压、机械、电力等不同方式输出。可调桨在不同工况下充分利用主机的功率与转速,对于桨叶负荷的变化适用性较好,可使船-机-桨处于良好的匹配状态。     

Energy performance evaluation of fishing vessels by fuel mass flow measuring system

A new fuel consumption monitoring system was set up for research purpose in order to evaluate the energy performance of fishing vessels under different operating conditions. The system has been tested on two semi-pelagic pair trawlers in the Adriatic Sea with an engine power of around 900 kW, and with length overall of around 30 m. Both vessels work with a gear of similar design and size, the differences between the two vessels are in the propeller design and the hull material: the first with a controllable pitch propeller (CPP) and a metal hull, the second with a fixed pitch propeller (FPP) and a wooden hull. The fuel monitoring system conceived at CNR-ISMAR Ancona (Italy) consists of two mass flow sensors, one multichannel recorder and one GPS data logger. The working time duration, the vessel speed, the total fuel consumption and the instant fuel rate were logged by the system. A typical commercial round trip for a semi-pelagic trawler consists of several fishing operations (steaming, trawling sailing, etc.). Fuel consumption rate and vessel speed data were used to identify energy performance under different vessel-operating conditions. The highest fuel demands were during the trawling (130 l/h at 4.4 kn) and the steaming (100–130 l/h at 11 kn) phases. Fuel savings of up to 15% could be obtained by reducing the navigation speed of half a knot.     

Propulsion of single-screw ships

On the basis of the little clause in the “Outline Specification” for a new ship: “Trial speed at a load draught of … with the engine at maximum continuous rating has to be …” some aspects regarding propulsion of single-screw ships are discussed, especially the problem of how to combine the hull form, the propeller and the machinery for propulsion in such a way that an optimal solution is obtained.In order to limit the problem, only ships provided with a single conventional propeller for propulsion are considered.A parameter study of a single-screw vessel has been done in order to get some concrete information on the interaction between ship, engine and propeller, and to investigate how the ship propeller power curve should be placed in relation to the engine operation area and to investigate changes in this relationship when the conditions change.     

Numerical simulation and experimental research on hydrodynamic performance of propeller with varying shaft depths

In order to study hydrodynamic performance of a propeller in the free surface, the numerical simulation and open-water experiments are carried out with varying shaft depths of propeller. The influences of shaft depths of a propeller on thrust and torque coefficient in calm water are mainly studied. Meanwhile, this paper also studies the propeller air-ingestion under special working conditions by experiment and theoretical calculation method, and compares the calculation results and experimental results. The results prove that the theoretical calculation model used in this paper can imitate the propeller air-ingestion successfully. The successful phenomenon simulation provides an essential theoretical basis to understand the physical essence of the propeller air-ingestion.     

Motion Analysis and Trials of the Deep Sea Hybrid Underwater Glider Petrel-II

A hybrid underwater glider Petrel-II has been developed and field tested. It is equipped with an active buoyancy unit and a compact propeller unit. Its working modes have been expanded to buoyancy driven gliding and propeller driven level-flight, which can make the glider work in strong currents, as well as many other complicated ocean environments. Its maximal gliding speed reaches 1 knot and the propelling speed is up to 3 knots. In this paper, a 3D dynamic model of Petrel-II is derived using linear momentum and angular momentum equations. According to the dynamic model, the spiral motion in the underwater space is simulated for the gliding mode. Similarly the cycle motion on water surface and the depth-keeping motion underwater are simulated for the level-flight mode. These simulations are important to the performance analysis and parameter optimization for the Petrel-II underwater glider. The simulation results show a good agreement with field trials.     

Motion Analysis and Trials of the Deep Sea Hybrid Underwater Glider Petrel-Ⅱ

A hybrid underwater glider Petrel-II has been developed and field tested. It is equipped with an active buoyancy unit and a compact propeller unit. Its working modes have been expanded to buoyancy driven gliding and propeller driven level-flight, which can make the glider work in strong currents, as well as many other complicated ocean environments. Its maximal gliding speed reaches 1 knot and the propelling speed is up to 3 knots. In this paper, a 3D dynamic model of Petrel-II is derived using linear momentum and angular momentum equations. According to the dynamic model, the spiral motion in the underwater space is simulated for the gliding mode. Similarly the cycle motion on water surface and the depth-keeping motion underwater are simulated for the level-flight mode. These simulations are important to the performance analysis and parameter optimization for the Petrel-II underwater glider.The simulation results show a good agreement with field trials.     

Numerical investigation on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a marine propeller operating in oblique inflow

The hydrodynamic characteristics of a marine propeller operating in oblique inflow are investigated by using CFD method. Two propellers with different geometries are selected as the study subjects. RANS simulation is carried out for the propellers working at a wide range of advance coefficients and incidence angles. The effects of axial inflow and lateral inflow are demonstrated with the hydrodynamic force on the propeller under different working conditions. Based on the obtained flow field details, the hydrodynamic mechanism of propeller operating in oblique inflow is analyzed further. The trailing vortex wake of propeller is highly affected by the lateral inflow, resulting in the deflected development path and the circumferentially non-uniform structure, as well as the enhanced axial velocity in slipstream. Different flow patterns are observed on the propeller blade with the variation of circumferential position. Combined with the computed hydrodynamic forces and pressure distribution on propeller, the mechanism resulting in the increase of propulsive loads and the generation of propeller side force is explored. Finally, a systematic analysis is carried out for the propulsive loads and propeller side force as a function of axial and lateral advance coefficients. The major terms that play a dominant role in the modeling of propulsive loads and propeller side force are determined through the sensitivity analysis. This study provides a deeper insight into the hydrodynamic characteristics of propeller operating in oblique inflow, which is useful to the investigation of propeller performance during ship maneuvers.     

Nonlinear output feedback control of underwater vehicle propellersusing feedback form estimated axial flow velocity

Accurate propeller shaft speed controllers can be designed by using nonlinear control theory and feedback from the axial water velocity in the propeller disc. In this paper, an output feedback controller is derived, reconstructing the axial flow velocity from vehicle speed measurements, using a three-state model of propeller shaft speed, forward (surge) speed of the vehicle, and the axial flow velocity. Lyapunov stability theory is used to prove that a nonlinear observer combined with an output feedback integral controller provide exponential stability. The output feedback controller compensates for variations in thrust due to time variations in advance speed. This is a major problem when applying conventional vehicle-propeller control systems. The proposed controller is simulated for an underwater vehicle equipped with a single propeller. The simulations demonstrate that the axial water velocity can be estimated with good accuracy. In addition, the output feedback integral controller shows superior performance and robustness compared to a conventional shaft speed controller     

基于船位监控系统的拖网捕捞努力量提取方法研究

为了基于船位监控系统提取拖网捕捞努力量,通过统计航速获得3个峰值,拖网作业在第2个峰值,即1~2.1 m/s,拖网作业航向差一般在–50°~50°。利用航速、航向差阈值设定,把拖网船状态划分为慢速、作业、航行,然后提取出捕捞作业状态点,1 423艘拖网船共提取到处于捕捞状态的点318 433个,合计拖网捕捞时间15 921 h,利用反距离加权插值法生成捕捞强度分布变化趋势图。捕捞努力量在渔业资源研究中是重要的参考值之一,与传统的捕捞努力量计算方法相比,该方法具有实时、大范围、快速、分辨率高的特点,能够用于辅助渔业资源保护。