Structure of the Basic Software and Hardware Complex of the System for Seismometric Monitoring of the Technical Condition of Buildings and Structures

The objective of the present study is to design a basic software and hardware complex (SHC) of a seismometric monitoring system for buildings and structures recommended for serial production. To do this, the authors used modern methods and principles of designing software and hardware systems. The system is methodologically based on the engineering-seismometric method. This method uses recording of spatial vibrations of an object as a result of microseisms of natural and anthropogenic origin. Next, dynamic and elastic characteristics of the structure are determined by vibrations that make it possible to evaluate its technical condition. As a result of conducted studies, the authors defined the main technical and functional requirements for the monitoring system for a wide range of applications. A three-level structure of a modular technical condition monitoring system is proposed for discussion. This structure makes it possible to create an extensible open system in which the number of measuring channels can be easily increased by increasing the number of plugin standard modules. In addition, the system can both record seismic events, earthquakes, and perform seismometric monitoring by microseisms. In order to represent the main processes and structure of the proposed basic complex of the system in the case of its full operation, the authors developed a functional model of the system. The model is based on a data flow diagram that describes the processes of collecting, processing, storing, analyzing, and presenting seismometric monitoring data. The functioning of the proposed complex is briefly described. The input data of the complex are the vibrations of the structure recorded at observation points using three-component geophones. Then, the seismic signal recorder collects, amplifies, digitizes, and transmits data to the server. The server either records seismic events and then evaluates their impact on the structure or carries out a planned recording of microseisms in order to monitor the technical condition of the structure and stores vibration data in the corresponding files. If an earthquake is detected, the system notifies the responsible personnel. Records of microseisms are used by the data processing software to compute the statistical parameters of vibrations and complex transfer functions according to the spectra of which the operator manually selects the values of natural frequencies. Seismic monitoring data processing software evaluates elastic characteristics by a number of natural frequencies using a mathematical design model of the structure vibrations. On the basis of the analysis of the change in the obtained dynamic and elastic characteristics and taking into account the effect of external factors, the software generates information for monitoring the technical condition of the structure. These results, as well as data of the evaluation of the event impact on the structure, are the output data of the system.     

A System for Monitoring of the State of Damming Hydraulic Structures

Methods for diagnostics of the state of hydraulic structures are considered. The control equipment is shown to be applicable to earthquake prediction, and the role that monitoring of hydraulic structures constructed in the permafrost zone can play in the improvement of normative documents and the development of the theory and practice of hydraulic construction in northern regions is assessed. The experience in studying the environmental effect of Sayano–Shushenskaya Hydropower Plant (HPP) is characterized. The major tasks of the improvement of monitoring system are formulated.     

昆明高层建筑强震观测记录HHT分析

对一种最新的数据分析方法——HHT分析作了简介。利用这一方法对昆明高层建筑的强震观测资料进行了处理,所得结果全面详细地反映了结构振动的时间、频率及振幅变化的三维特征。     

地震测深资料数据采集与收录系统

本文介绍了ＳＴＭ－ＰＣ微机系列上实现的地震测深资料现场收录系统，其中包括对模拟磁带地震记录进行Ａ／Ｄ转换、数据采集等。在研究中，对时标信号的采集方式、六响报时信号处理、模拟回放电路的改进与采集速率等方面进行了试验，为高质量地进行Ａ／Ｄ转换取得了经验。本文是以海城震区的实际资料为基础，对Ａ／Ｄ转换的精度与效果进行了统计与分析，结果表明，该收录系统对模拟地震记录的Ａ／Ｄ转换精度达到了规范要求。该收录系统与一般微机系列兼容，适用于我国目前使用的几种模拟磁带地震记录仪。     

建筑物偏心结构对其抗震性能的影响

偏心对建筑物的抗震效果有很大的影响。在对三种常见建筑物框架结构在偏心扭矩作用下的受震反应进行数值模拟时,采用6层建筑物模型,通过三维非线性模拟偏心结构对建筑物抗震性能影响的分析,采用最大层间位移作为衡量标准,绘制易损曲线来进行结果分析。结果显示:若忽略意外扭矩的影响,可能会高估钢结构体系的抗震性能,而影响安全评估结果;如果采用全层5%质量偏心来考虑意外偏心扭矩的话,会低估钢结构建筑物的抗震性能。     

城市建筑群地震灾害风险评估技术探索及应用

地震灾害风险评估是开展风险治理和隐患排查的重要手段,在分析研究国内外地震灾害风险评估研究现状的基础上,开展地震工程多学科的交叉研究,综合考虑震源破裂过程、地震动传播路径、场地条件、建筑结构地震响应等因素,构建城市建筑群地震灾害风险评估体系;以嘉兴市为研究示范区,基于设定地震和多概率地震危险性水平开展城市群体建筑结构地震时程反应分析及震害模拟,构建城市建筑群地震灾害可视化分析平台。该项研究旨在探索城市地震灾害风险评估的有效方法,为地震灾害风险管理提供科技支撑。     

基于PDA的水准电子手簿系统的设计与实现

根据有关技术依据及规范,采用PDA掌上电脑作为硬件平台,在windowsCE软件支持下,利用Microsoft eMbedded Visual Basic编程环境,完成了基于PDA的水准电子手簿系统的程序设计,完全代替了手工水准记簿.     

建筑结构监测与抗震韧性评估

建筑结构响应是有效反映结构动力特性的最直接参数,开展结构动力响应实时监测可为结构抗震韧性评估提供准确的地震动输入。本文基于非结构构件损失构建结构抗震韧性评估方法,研究确定位移敏感型和加速度敏感型非结构构件的易损性模型。选择某六层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行实时监测系统建设,基于监测数据开展结构抗震韧性评估。通过构建建筑信息模型（BIM）,并在有限元分析软件OpenSees中建立结构弹塑性分析模型,利用实时监测数据实现结构模型更新,直至监测数据与模型分析结果一致。由于实时监测数据峰值较低,结构不会发生塑性变形,因此选择10条双向非脉冲地震动模拟实时监测地震记录。根据层间位移角和楼面加速度分布,开展结构功能损失评估,得到该建筑结构的抗震韧性得分。分析表明,该结构抗震性能较好,在遭受地震破坏后,会发生非结构构件脱落,需要采取有效措施进一步提升建筑抗震韧性水平。     

剪力墙转换结构分析下建筑抗震性能研究

传统的动力弹塑性分析法在研究剪力墙的抗震性能时,忽略了对剪力墙转换结构关键结点的有效分析,导致建筑抗震性研究结果存在局限性。提出剪力墙转换结构关键结点对建筑抗震性能影响的分析方法。塑造剪力墙转换结构平面布置图,确定剪力墙转换结构关键结点,分析剪力墙转换结构关键结点的层间位移与位移角和关键结点处的楼层剪力,关键结点位置上升使得最大楼层的位移减小、位移角也逐渐变小。根据关键结点处于不同楼层时层间位移、位移角以及受力作用的不同,获取建筑结构上下层刚度的波动。实验结果说明,所提方法能够高精度、高效的对建筑抗震性能进行分析。     

数字地震仪的发展历史及展望

地震仪经历了光点，模拟和数字的变化，数字地震仪本身由16位发展到24位，其附属设备（电缆，检波器）也是到了不同程度的发展。近年来，I／O等公司利用MEMS技术研制了新型地震检波器，这一新的发展对于地震采集尤其是多分量采集带来重要影响。     

传统农居砌体抗剪性能试验研究

砖砌体结构是农村传统农居建筑的主要结构形式,如何精确评价其抗震能力具有重要的研究意义。目前既有传统农居中,20世纪80、90年代砖砌体结构仍是其重要的组成部分。为研究既有传统砖砌体结构的抗剪性能,首先对水泥砂浆、白灰砂浆、炉渣砂浆、黄泥砂浆4种典型砂浆开展抗压强度试验;然后对4种典型砂浆砌筑的砌体进行沿通缝抗剪强度试验,通过与传统老旧红砖砌体抗剪强度的平均值和公式值进行对比,对砌体抗剪强度计算公式进行修正后得到修正公式;最后对比修正值、标准值和设计值,对传统农居进行准确的砖砌体抗剪强度评估。本项研究主要为传统农居砖砌体结构的抗震性能评估、抗震加固以及抗震设计提供技术支持与科学依据。     

强震后高层建筑结构变形监测精度提高的研究

为解决强震作用后倾斜高层建筑结构监测存在的精度低、用时长等问题,提出高精度强震作用后倾斜高层建筑结构形变监测方法。通过确定回归平面强震后倾斜高层建筑结构的法线倾斜值、倾斜角与倾斜方向,来确定强震作用后倾斜高层建筑结构形变情况,完成强震作用后倾斜高层建筑结构的形变监测。使用BXJC 1.0软件进行建筑高层建筑形变模拟实验,在建筑高层附近设定四个基准点,基于建筑高层的底部每个立柱中近似等高方位设定16个形变监测结构点,实验发现:所提方法监测误差小精度高,监测误差最大值为0.05%,且监测用时较短,证明此方法进行监测的可行性。     

竖向地震下双塔连体建筑的分析和设计

首先输入多条实际竖向地震记录,用时程分析考察了塔楼高度和连体跨度不同的多个算例。然后将其抽象成塔楼和连体桁架组成的双自由度体系,运用频域分析方法,得到竖向地震作用的变化规律：11随着桁架对塔楼频率比增加,连体地震放大作用越明显;2）当连体对塔楼质量比较小且两者频率比相近1,连体地震反应进一步加强。现行抗震规范的重力系数法提出的大跨度结构竖向地震的实用计算公式对于本文研究结构并不完全适用。提出考虑塔楼和桁架协同地震作用的实用算式,并对一个超高层工程实例进行竖向地震作用分析,与时程分析结果吻合较好。     

Application of Ground Penetrating Radar Surveys and GPS Surveys for Monitoring the Condition of Levees and Dykes

This paper analyses the possibility of using integrated GPS (Global Positioning System) surveys and ground penetrating radar surveys to precisely locate damages to levees, particularly due to the activity of small fossorial mammals. The technology of intercommunication between ground penetrating radar (GPR) and an RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) survey unit, and the method of data combination, are presented. The errors which may appear during the survey work are also characterized. The procedure for processing the data so that the final results have a spatial character and are ready to be implemented in digital maps and geographic information systems (GIS) is also described.     

The Organization and Operation of the Savannah River Plant's Groundwater Monitoring Program

The Groundwater Monitoring Program at the Savannah River Plant currently consists of more than 700 wells at more than 70 sites, and growth is projected. The organization and operation of the program has been designed to support an active drilling program, the acquisition of a large amount of repetitive data, the generation of numerous reports, associated QA/QC controls, and provisions for additional growth. The design is centered around two key features—modular components and computer usage.
The modular component concept is an organizational tool that gives one group responsibility for a specific portion of the program. This responsibility includes the operation of its segment and the coordination of operations with the other groups in the program.
Computers, the associated software programs, and a simple set of rules (the sampling guide) enables the program to accommodate large amounts of repetitive data in a timely, uniform manner. Feedback loops are included to ensure that new data are incorporated into future program decisions (new sample schedules and well locations). The highly automated system determines new sample schedules, collates/reviews incoming data, and generates various reports. Six reports are issued on a regular basis, from quarterly to annually, to ensure that the program is adequately documented.
The program has been in successful operation for more than a year and has accommodated the expected growth.     

"长江三峡水库诱发地震监测研究"项目成果介绍

本文详细介绍了“长江三峡水库诱发地震监测研究”项目的立项背景、目标、所开展的主要工作、取得的成果、研究成果的社会效益和对该领域研究未来工作的展望。     

雅砻江中下游地震监测系统台站机房布设技术设计

雅砻江流域中下游水库诱发地震监测系统(一期)地震台站,全部采用太阳能供电。在台站房屋土建设计阶段,对传输天线、太阳能电池、蓄电池、地震计及仪器设备的架设与接入方式等台站机房布设内容,进行了前期的全面规划与技术设计,在房屋修建期间提前预埋预制,在台站安装调试时逐项实施,最终实现了台站室内外布设合理规范且整洁美观的整体效果。     

"中国主要火山活动监测研究"项目成果介绍

本文详细介绍了“中国主要火山活动监测研究”项目的立项背景、目标、所开展的主要工作、取得的成果、研究成果的社会效益和对该领域研究未来工作的展望。     

"高精度全球定位系统GPS数据库和共享系统"项目成果介绍

本文详细介绍了“高精度全球定位系统GPS数据库和共享系统”项目的立项背景、目标、所开展的主要工作、取得的成果、研究成果的社会效益和对该领域研究未来工作的展望。